最新讲解最全的定语从句讲解

1、专业知识分享高一英语高一英语语法Grammar:定语从句（人注行6aClauses）Handsomeboys=theboyswhoarehandsomeBeautifulflowers=theflowerswhicharebeautiful定义：定语从句（AttributiveClauses）：由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词和代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that）和关系副词（when,w

2、here,why）关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。在定语从句中，当who,which,that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。关系词常有3个作用：引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中担当一个成分。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。关系代词以及基本用法关系代词指示对象作用例句That人物主.（宾）ThestudentthatansweredthequestionwasJohn

3、.回答问题的学生是约翰。Thebook(that)youlentmewasinteresting.你借给我的那本书很有趣。Which物主.（宾）Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.Who人主.（宾）Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeopleshealth.Theman(who)youmetjustnowismyfriend.Whom人（宾）Theman（whom）youmetjustnowismyfri

4、end,你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.Mr.Lingisjusttheboy（whom）Iwanttosee.凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.Whose人物定Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.注意一：1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词whenwhere和why互换。where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on/at/during+whichwhy=forwhichwh

5、ose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=由6+物/人+。which/whom例如：1.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。=ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub？还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？=Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub？Thetourists,ofwhomtheeldestis70(theeldestofwhomis70),arefromSi

6、ngapore.Isawthreefilmsthismonth,twoofwhichwereveryinteresting.Thereason(which/that)hesabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear.=Thereasonforwhich/whyhesabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear.whom在定语从句中只指人，做宾语，可用who或that代替，也可以省略但后边的介词提前时，只用whom例如：Doyouknowtheman(whom/who/that)theteacheristalkingto?=Doyouknowthemant

7、owhomtheteacheristalking?Sheistheperson(whom/who/that)youshouldturntoforhelp.=SheisthepersontowhomyoushouldturnforhelpWhose用来指人或物，(只用作定语)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover(=ofwhichthecover)isgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。.先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as引导定语从句，如：as.as；so.

8、as；such.as；thesame+名词+as。Youcanbuyasmanybooksasyouwantinthisbookstore.(as作want的宾语)SuchcomputersasareusedinourofficearemadeinSouthKorea.(as作定语从句的主语)ThisjewelisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.(as作showed的直接宾语)ThisjewelisthesameonethatIshowedyoutheotherday.(that作showed的直接宾语)请注意thesame+名词+as与thesame+名词

9、+that的区别。SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。注意：定语从句suchas与结果状语从句suchthat的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分(3)HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.(4)HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobuyone.先行词有比较级修饰时用than；先行词有否定词修饰时

10、用but，表示双重否定，此时的but=who/which/that.notMymotheralwaysgivesmemoremoneythanisneeded.(than作定语从句主语)Thisyear,thefarmershaveharvestedmoregrainthanwasexpected.(than作定语从句主语)Thereisnotastudentbutwantstogotouniversity.=Thereisnotastudentwho/thatdoesntwanttogotouniversity.(but作定语从句主语)练习选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。(thatwh

11、ichwhowhosewhom)1.Doyouseethebridgewasbuiltlastyear2.ThenursewetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishwell.3.Theoldgentlemanyoumetjustnowisafamouswriter.4.ThegirltoIlentmybikeworksinahospital.5.Shewasthebravegirlnameisknowntoeverybody.注意二：that和which虽然都能指物，但是在某些情况下，只能用that指物而不用which1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：Thisisthemos

12、tinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.(作宾语可省略)Thisisthemostbeautifulparkthatwehavevisited.2)先行词被thevery，theonlythesame,thelast等修饰时，例如：ThisistheverybookthatImlookingfor.(作宾语，可省略)WORD格式整理WORD格式整理专业知识分享专业知识分享Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastowaitpatiently.（作宾语，可省略）3）先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：Thefirstthingthatwedointhemo

13、rningistocleantheclassroom.（作宾语，可省略）Thisisthethirdlargestcitythatwasfoundedinthe1980s.（作主语）4）当先行词是anything,everything,nothing（something除外）,few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修饰时.Haveyoutakendowneverything（that）Mr.Lihassaid?Thereseemstobenothing（that）seemsimpo

14、ssibleforhimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Thereislittle（that）Icandoforyou.5）当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6）、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?7）先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语，例如：Heisnottheboythatheusedtobe

15、.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.当在therebe句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which、注意三：宜用which而不用that的情况关系副词指示对象作用例句When时间状语IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyouThetimewhenwegottogetherfinal

16、lycame.Where地点状语ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddownShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.Why原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.1.在非限制性定语从句中。2.在关系词前有介词时。3.当先行词本身是that时。关系副词：关系副词（在句中作状语）关系副词=介词+关系代词wh

17、y=forwhich（先行词一般是reason）Where=in/at/on/.which（介词同先行词搭配）When=during/on/in/.which（介词同先行词搭配）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on/at/during+whichwhy=forwhichwhose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=由6+物/人+。which/whom例如：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。=Thisi

18、sthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？=Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub？Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.注意：.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等TThisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T=正确)FThisi

19、sthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F=错误).若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whoseThemanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)Themanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any

20、,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。Thewayinwhich/that/省略heansweredthequestion

21、wassurprising.判断改错ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出

22、关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：例1口，例2A例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumisyouvisitedafewdaysago6U2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和.主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后

23、其他部分仍可成立Herhouse,whichwasbuiltahundredyearsago,stoodstillintheearthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立,它是一百多年前建造的。).在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that,而用who,whom代表人，用which代表事物,whenwherewhy分别代表时间,地点,原因(做状语).as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1)、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。Which还可指代主句中的某个词或短语。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

24、Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2)、as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，意为“这，这一点”。as有“正如，正像”的意思Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdontbelieve.难点透析定语从句是高中阶段

25、的重点语法项目之一。因此，有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。【难点一】定语从句与并列句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确MrLihasthreedaughters，noneofisanengineer.MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneofisadancer.MrLihasthreedaughters；aredoctors.解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上

26、看小题是定语从句，故填whom；小题有并列连词but,是并列句，故填代词them；小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。【难点二】定语从句与地点状语从句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。icedoesntgrowwellthereisnotenoughwater.Istillrememberthefarmmyparentsworkedtenyearsago.解析：定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用介词+which来代替where,而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。因此

27、，从结构上看:小题无表示地点的先行词，故为表示地点的状语从句，填where；小题中thefarm是先行词，是定语从句，故填where,此处的where可用onwhich替换。【难点三】定语从句与强调句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确ItisonthemorningofMay1stImetLiangWeiattheairport.ItisthefactoryMrWangworks.解析：定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：强调句的结构为Itis/was+被强调部分+that从句。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强

28、调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。从结构上看，小题是强调句，故填that。此种情况检测的标准是：先把强调句中的Itis/was.that去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。可将第小题改为：ImetLiangWeionthemorningofMay1stattheairport.显然,这句话是正确的，故为强调句。小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知thefactory前缺少个介词in,故填where。【难点四】定语从句与结果状语从句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确Ihavethesamecomp

29、uteryouhave.Sheissuchakindandfunnygirlallofusliketomakefriendswithher.解析：定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于(这里只讨论thesame.as/that和such.as/that两种情况)：在这两种情况下，如果as/that既引导从句，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分，则as/that引导的是定语从句。在thesame.as/that结构中，用as指一样的，但不是同一个事物；用that指同一物品，故小题填as；如果as/that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，则as/that引导的是结果状语从句，故小题填that。【难点五

30、】定语从句与单句WORD格式整理专业知识分享用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确Themothertoldthelazyboytowork,didthel.Themothertoldthelazyboytowork.didthel.解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词；而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应是主从句关系，因此需用关系词which,前面整个句子作先行词；小题则填It,代替前面的整个句子。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。高中英语定语从句句型总结一、疑问句中考查定语从句Isthisthefarmyouvisitedlastweek？A.whereB.theoneC.onwhichD./【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用