中国汽车零部件企业竞争力分析（ 60）

1、中国汽车零部件企业竞争力分析China Auto Component Manufacturers Competitiveness Analysis倪威 Wilson Ni第一部分Portion I中国汽车工业China Auto Industry and Its及进出口现状Import/Export Status1998-2007中国汽车销量统计1998-2007 China Auto Sales辆 , unit资料来源Source: 中国汽车工业协会 CAAM1998-2007中国汽车零部件进出口统计1998-2007 China Auto Parts I/E亿美元 $ 100 millio

2、n资料来源Source: 中国汽车工业协会 CAAM2007年中国汽车零部件进出口统计2007 China Auto Parts I/E by Month亿美元 $ 100 million资料来源Source: 中国汽车工业协会 CAAM项目ITEM出口 EXPORT金额 value比例 percentage发动机及零件 engine and parts32.93 11.07%车身及其附件、零件 body parts31.42 10.56%传动系 chassis system10.16 3.42%行驶系 driving system96.47 32.44%汽车电子电器 electrical s

3、ystem54.94 18.48%制动系 braking system19.51 6.56%转向系 steering system2.45 0.82%其他零部件 others49.49 16.64%合计 total297.37 100.00%2007年中国汽车零部件出口产品细分2007 China Auto Parts Export by Products亿美元 $ 100 million资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM项目ITEM 进口 IMPORT 金额 value 比例 percentage 发动机及零件 engin

4、e and parts 37.223.61%车身及其附件、零件 body parts 31.219.80%变速器 transmission system 36.923.42%车轮 wheel5.43.43%汽车电子电器 electrical system 5.043.20%制动系 braking system 8.85.59%转向系 steering system 6.34.00%其他零部件 others 26.716.95%合计 total 157.5 100.00%2007年中国汽车零部件进口产品细分2007 China Auto Parts Import by Products亿美元 $

5、 100 million资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM次序 item目的国 country金额 value比例 percentage1美国 US89.6530.15%2日本 Japan37.5912.64%3韩国 Korea16.415.52%4荷兰 Holland9.973.35%5德国 Germany9.843.31%6加拿大 Canada8.902.99%7英国 United Kingdom7.522.53%8阿拉伯联合酋长国 Saudi Arabia6.402.15%9澳大利亚 Australia6.272.11

6、%10香港 Hong Kong5.481.84%以上国别小计 sub total198.03 66.60%出口总计 total297.37 100.00%2007年中国汽车零部件出口国别细分2007 China Auto Parts Export by Countries亿美元 $ 100 million资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM次序 Item来源国 country金额 Value比例 percentage1日本 Japan59.5237.80%2德国 Germany36.9223.44%3韩国 Korea18.19

7、11.55%4美国 US9.185.83%5法国 France6.133.89%6匈牙利 Hungry5.343.39%7西班牙 Spain2.471.57%8加拿大 Canada2.191.39%9台湾省 Taiwan2.131.35%10英国 UK2.081.32%以上国家(地区)小计 subtotal144.14 91.54%进口总计 total157.46 100.00%$ 100 million2007年中国汽车零部件进口国别细分2007 China Auto Parts Import by Countries资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearboo

8、k、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM次序item发货省市 province金额 value比例 percentage1上海市 Shanghai46.00 15.47%2山东省 Shandong45.94 15.45%3广东省 Guangdong45.43 15.28%4江苏省 Jiangsu43.30 14.56%5浙江省 Zhejiang36.69 12.34%6福建省 Fujian13.91 4.68%以上省市小计 subtotal231.27 77.77%出口总计 total297.37 100.00%2007年中国汽车零部件出口产地细分2007 China Auto Parts Export

9、 by Regions亿美元 $ 100 million资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM企业性质 enterprise金额 value比例 percentage外商独资企业 WOFE101.51 34.14%中外合资企业 JV80.40 27.04%私人企业 private55.10 18.53%国有企业 SOE48.35 16.26%集体企业 collective10.09 3.39%中外合作企业 licensing1.93 0.65%合计 total297.37 100.00%2007年中国汽车零部件出口企业细分200

10、7 China Auto Parts Export by Factories资料来源Source: 中国汽车年鉴 China Auto Yearbook、中国汽车工业协会 CAAM亿美元 $ 100 million企业名称Enterprise name出口额export (mil US$)主要产品Main export product出口国Export countries and areas山东玲珑橡胶Shandong Linglong Rubber LTD28.96轮胎TireUS, UK, Saudi Arabia, India, Indonesia, Australia, Thailan

11、d风神轮胎Aeolus tire Co. Ltd24.64轮胎TireUK, US, Germany华南橡胶轮胎 Wanli tire 20.11子午轮胎Radial tireUS, Europe, Southeast Asia, Belgium戴卡轮毂Dicastal Wheel Manufacturing Co., Ltd 20.00铝轮毂Casting aluminum alloy wheel US, Japan, Germany安徽中鼎Anhui ZhongDing Group18.76橡胶，千斤顶Rubber seal, JackUS, France, Europe华泰铝轮毂有限公司

12、HuaTai Aluminum wheel (TaiAn) Co.,Ltd12.65铝轮毂Casting aluminum alloy wheel US, Korean, Japan福建佳通轮胎Fujian GITI Tire 11.67子午轮胎 TireSoutheast Asia上海延峰Yanfeng Visteon Automotive Trim Systems Ltd.,11.53座椅Seat Assembly& PartsEurope, US, Japan福耀玻璃Fuyao Glass group 10.93玻璃Automobile GlassEurope, US, Japan上海汇

13、众Shanghai HuiZong Automotive Co, Ltd8.19冲压件Control Arm, Body stamp partsNorth American, Asia pacific, Japan2007年中国汽车零部件最大出口企业2007 Chinas Biggest Auto Parts Exporters中国汽车零部件进出口产品特点Characteristics of China Auto Parts I/E出口产品附加值低、价值低、技术含量低的劳动密集型产品China exported products: low value added, labor intensiv

14、e进口产品附加值高、价值高、技术含量高的资金密集型产品China import products: high value added, technology intensive中国汽车零部件企业评价Comments to China Auto Manufacturers只能走“低端之路”Low-end way第二部分Portion II中国汽车零部件企业China Auto Component Manufacturers竞争力现状Competiveness Status有下面几方共同完成Completely jointly by the followings:国务院发展研究中心China St

15、ate ConsulDeveloping Research Center中国汽车工程学会SAE-China大众汽车集团VW China中国汽车产业发展报告Annual Report on Auto Industry in China产业环境竞争力 Environmental Competitiveness59.13 配套体系 Supply Chain57.14 国内需求Domestic Demand71.00 产业地位Industry Position45.00 政府行为 Governmental Influence62.50 安全、环保、节能政策 Safety/Environment/Ene

16、rgy-saving policy55.00 产业组织竞争力 Organizational Competitiveness43.51 产业规模经济性 Industry Scale38.50 产业集中度 Concentration51.10 劳动生产率 Production Efficiency52.67 创新竞争力Innovation Competitiveness38.68 研发经费投入R&D Investment42.14 研发人员投入 R&D Staff49.20 自主品牌 Self-branded Products24.00 专利数量 Patent Number15.00 产业国际绩效

17、竞争力 Intl Performance Competitiveness10.00 国际市场份额 Global Market Share7.51 海外生产能力Oversea Production Capability0.00 比较优势指数 Comaprision Index7.27 贸易竞争性指数 Trading Index64.36 中国汽车产业国际竞争力-1China Auto Global Competitiveness-1中国汽车产业国际竞争力-2China Auto Global Competitiveness-2综合得分Comprehensive score：47.64中国汽车产业

18、竞争性尚不及世界先进水平一半China Autos competitiveness is less than half of worlds level结论Conclusion竞争力弱的原因-外部因素Reason Analysis-External颁布的政策、法规尚无法提供宽松、和谐的竞争环境Related policies, rules failed to provide fair competition environment交通部 Ministry of Communications公安部Ministry of Public Security国家发改委National Developmen

19、t and Reform Commission环保局State Environmental Protection Administration商务部Ministry of Commerce海关China Customs质监局Quality and Technologic Supervision商检局General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine国务院State Council人民银行The Peoples Bank of China保监会China Insurance Regulatory Com

20、mission (CIRC)科技部Ministry of Science and Technology国标委Standardization Administration of China国税局State Administration of Taxation工商局State Administration for Industry and Commerce谁在给中国汽车发号施令？Who is Giving Order to China Auto?2007年政府颁布部分法令法规2007 Policies Issued by Government2006200712-1812-3112-3101-14

21、03-0706-0406-1807-1007-1107-1907-2407-3008-0108-0408-3008-3009-0110-31汇总Total商务部 M.O.C.0.5 0.2 0.5 1.2 税务总局 S.A.T.0.5 0.3 0.5 1.3 发改委 N.D.R.C.1.0 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 10.3 科技部 M.O.S.T.0.3 0.3 财政部 M.O.F.0.3 0.3 0.5 1.1 海关总署 C. C.0.3 0.2 0.5 标准委 C. S.0.5 0.5 认监委 C. V.0.2 0.2

22、 质检局 A.O.Q.0.5 0.5 国务院S.C.1.0 1.0 工商总局S.A.I.C.1.0 1.0 汇总 Total11111111111111111118 2007年政府颁布部分法令法规汇总Summary of Policies Issued in 2007政出多门、缺乏横向协调So many governmental bodies “care” China Auto without coordination themselves零部件供应商无所适从Auto suppliers could not figure out which way to proceed案例：欧III的实施过程

23、Case study: Euro III implementation from July 1st, 2008中国汽车产业外部环境特点Features of External Environment广泛存在的、狭隘而有效的Widely existing, “effective”国家/地方保护主义State/Local protectionism大集团保护主义Group protectionism长期形成的“潜规则”壁垒“Game rules”竞争力弱的原因-内部因素Reason Analysis-Internal欧美模式：与主机厂完全独立，不得不不断提升自身竞争力European/US Mod

24、e: purely independent, HAVE TO continuously improve日韩模式：主机厂经常参股，以整车厂竞争力带动零部件厂竞争力Japan/Korea Mode: OEs shares, improve effectiveness jointly with OEs零部件企业与主机厂关系模式-1Business Model of Auto Supplier-1零部件企业与主机厂关系模式-2Business Model of Auto Supplier-2中国模式：介于两者之间，主机厂、零部件厂竞争力均不强China Mode: Between the two mo

25、des, both OEs and suppliers are weak in competitiveness排名Seq.公司名称 Corporate Name全球销售额 Revenue关联整车企业 Partner1罗伯特博世Robert Bosch GmbH29,687无No2德尔福公司Delphi Corp.24,400无No3电装公司Denso Corp.24,000Toyota group4麦格纳国际集团（加）Magna Inc.23.883无No5江森控制Johnson Controls Inc.19,500无No6爱信精机Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd.19,367Toyo

26、ta group7李尔公司Lear Corp.17,839无No8法雷西亚 Faurecia15,000PSA group9法雷奥 Valeo SA12,700无No10天合汽车TRW Automotive Inc.12,162无No11西门子 Siemens VDO12,012无No12大陆集团（德） Continental AG11,470无No13伟世通汽车系统 Visteon Corp.10,871无No14矢崎公司Yazaki Corp.*10,583无No15泰森克鲁伯汽车系统公司ThyssenKrupp AG10,207无No16ZF集团公司（德）ZF Friedrichshaf

27、en AG9,800无No17丰田纺织Toyota Boshoku Corp.9,043Toyota group18住友电工Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd.8,631无No19美驰公司 ArvinMeritor Inc.8,520无No20德纳公司Dana Corp.8,504无No世界最大20家零部件企业(2006)Worlds Top 20 Auto Part Producers(2006)序号Seq企业名称 Corporate Name销售收入 Revenue关联整车企业 Partner1万向集团 Wan Xiang Group25,215无No2潍坊柴

28、油机厂 Weichai Diesel16,918陕汽Shaanxi Truck3广西玉柴机器集团有限公司Yulin Diesel12,138无 No4东风本田发动机有限公司Dongfeng Honda Engine 10,773东风本田DF Honda5延锋伟世通汽车饰件有限公司Yanfeng Visteron 7,759上汽SAIC6北京现代摩比斯汽车零部件Beijing Hyundai Mobis6,515北京现代 BAIC7上海汽车股份有限公司SAIC Sharing6,389上汽SAIC8富奥汽车零部件有限公司Fuao Parts5,589一汽FAW9柳州五菱汽车有限责任公司Liu Z

29、hou Wuling4,255五菱Wuling10广州汽车集团零部件有限公司GAIC Componment4,168广汽GAIC11一汽解放汽车公司无锡柴油机分公司 Wuxi Diesel4,103一汽FAW12东风康明斯发动机有限公司Dongfeng Cummins3,625东风Dongfeng13曙光汽车集团有限公司Shuguang Sharing3,215曙光汽车SG Auto14上海柴油机股份有限公司Shanghai Diesel3,109上汽SAIC15长春一汽四环汽车股份有限公司FAW Sihuan3,024一汽FAW16联合汽车电子有限公司United Electronics2,

30、929上汽SAIC17无锡威孚高科技股份有限公司Wuxi Weifu2,791无No18东风车桥有限公司Dongfeng Axle2,609东风Dongfeng19哈尔滨东安汽车动力股份有限公司Harbin Power2,255中航China Space20万丰奥特控股集团有限公司Wanfeng Aote Co.2,247无No中国最大20家零部件企业(2006)Chinas Top 20 Auto Part Producers(2006)企业市场环境的特点Features of Business Environment市场有了，何必不断打造竞争力？Why to sharpen competi

31、tiveness if market is entirely guaranteed 第三部分Portion III工业企业竞争力Enterprises Competitiveness企 业市场表现Market Behavior价格Price质量Quality开发Develop交货Delivery企业竞争力表象Successful Enterprise in Competition领导Leader战略Strategy人才HR文化Culture管理Manage.人脉Relation执行Execute成本Cost竞争力企业竞争力的几个方面Aspects of Competitiveness“人无我有

32、、人有我优、人优我强”Always stronger than competitors在竞争中制胜的综合本领The Comprehensive competitiveness to win competition对“企业竞争力定义”的诠释Appreciation to Competitiveness竞争力=外部“给予”的竞争力+内部“打造”的竞争力Competitiveness=“Granted” external competitiveness+”Developed” internal competitiveness竞争力公式Formula for Competitiveness国家主义(优

33、惠、倾斜、鼓励等保护性政策)State favorable policies地方主义(地方经济发展要求)Local protectionism联营主义(来自主机厂的保护伞)Business affiliates经济地位(技术移植与土生土长)Transplant and self-developed“游戏浅规则”(中国特色)“Game rules”外部竞争力External Competiveness外部竞争力的特点Features of External Competitiveness与生俱来Granted by others历史渊源Historical reasons存在的必要Necessi

34、ty to exist发展的需要Necessity to development相对性时间、地点Relative to existtime, location第一负责人企业家素质1st leaders characteristics企业发展战略的确立Clear developing strategy制度与法规的制定和实施Effective Policies and execution人力资源的获取Availability to Human Resources财务管理与成本控制能力Finance management and cost control企业文化的确立 Corporate cultu

35、re内部竞争力Internal Competiveness需要长时间打造Takes long time to build up有可能长久保持Could maintain long time各方面均强-“木桶”效应Wooden-barrel Effect买不到、偷不走、学不着Firmly planted真正的“克敌制胜”的法宝Effective method in competion内部竞争力的特点Features of Internal Competitiveness竞争力强的企业的表现Observation to Strong Competitiveness第一负责人的“领袖魅力”First

36、 leaders “personnel attraction”敬业精神与工作态度Working attitude and spirit成功的成本控制手段Effective way to control cost“立竿见影”的奖惩机制Performance award/punish mechanism“可望又可及”的期权MBO第四部分Portion IV企业竞争力提升方法The Why to Develop Competitiveness“公平竞争”Fair competition抱怨(民企、国企、外企)Strong complaints from all parties提高企业竞争力的对策-1

37、The Way to Improve Competitiveness-1到国际舞台上参与“公平条件下”的竞争Participate global competition under “Fair and Equal” business conditions“短、平、快”方法The Most Effective Way亚新科集团出口实践ASIMCO Group Export by Years千美元 $ 1,000跨国公司中国采购机构示意图Intl Companies Purchase Team Metrics总监供应采购物流质量技术供应采购物流质量技术供应采购物流质量技术业务2 中国业务1 中国业

38、务3中国总监总监总监总监集团中国公司采购副总业务3集团印度公司采购副总业务2采购副总中国采购副总集团采购副总业务1采购副总印度采购副总墨西哥集团墨西哥公司Mexico OperationsDir. SSDEBUYLOGSQETECSDEBUYLOGSQETECSDEBUYLOGSQETECBU2 CHNBU1 CHNBU3 CHNDir. BDir. LDir. SDir. TChina OperationsPur. VP BU3India OperationsPur. VP BU2Pur. VP CHNPur. VP GroupPur. VP BU1Pur. VP INAPur VP Mex

39、.跨国公司中国采购机构示意图Intl Companies Purchase Team Metrics加大研发投资比例Increase Capital Investment in R&D提高企业竞争力的对策-2The Way to Improve Competitiveness-2RankCompanyCountryInvest.($mil)as % of sales1PfizerUSA3,882.5914.52Ford MotorUSA3,678.734.53Johnson JohnsonUSA3,640.4113.44MicrosoftUSA3,638.3613.95DaimlerChrys

40、lerGermany3,526.483.46Toyota MotorJapan3,484.713.97GlaxoSmithKlineUK3,457.0014.98SiemensGermany3,384.995.89General MotorsUSA3,372.163.210Samsung ElectronicsSouth Korea3,139.726.711IntelUSA3,000.7216.612Sanofi-AventisFrance2,967.2615.513IBMUSA2,899.556.214VolkswagenGermany2,856.76415RocheSwitzerland2

41、,757.9415.716NovartisSwitzerland2,740.6514.517NokiaFinland2,501.01918MerckUSA2,443.7521.119Matsushita ElectricJapan2,421.836.420Robert BoschGermany2,289.457.82006世界研发投资最大100家公司-12006 Top 100 Firms by R&D Investment-1RankCompanyCountryInvest.($mil)as % of sales21SonyJapan2,280.397.722Honda MotorJapan

42、2,188.585.223BMWGermany2,161.436.524MotorolaUSA2,097.909.425Cisco SystemsUSA2,077.9714.326EricssonSweden2,005.1815.127AstraZenecaUK1,993.6614.728EADSNetherlands1,933.037.329Nissan MotorJapan1,919.274.730Hewlett-PackardUSA1,834.763.931HitachiJapan1,737.024.332AmgenUSA1,719.8023.633BoeingUSA1,664.115.

43、334BayerGermany1,655.447.735RenaultFrance1,617.035.936Eli LillyUSA1,598.8719.937ToshibaJapan1,597.095.938WyethUSA1,588.5215.339Bristol-Myers SquibbUSA1,567.0417.140General ElectricUSA1,516.961.82006世界研发投资最大100家公司-22006 Top 100 Firms by R&D Investment-2RankCompanyCountryInvest.($mil)as % of sales41Pe

44、ugeot (PSA)France1,465.443.842Alcatel-LucentFrance1,339.4413.843Sun MicrosystemsUSA1,327.4119.944NTTJapan1,322.652.945CanonJapan1,322.057.446Philips ElectronicsNetherlands1,312.496.347FinmeccanicaItaly1,259.2616.148BAE SystemsUK1,248.0010.149Abbott LaboratoriesUSA1,152.301050OracleUSA1,121.5012.250T

45、exas InstrumentsUSA1,121.501552BTUK1,119.005.553Schering-PloughUSA1,117.9220.754DensoJapan1,099.21855DelphiUSA1,072.96856Boehringer IngelheimGermany1,060.5014.957Procter GambleUSA1,060.19358FujitsuJapan1,035.86559Nortel NetworksCanada990.71760LG ElectronicsSouth Korea917.273.62006世界研发投资最大100家公司-3200

46、6 Top 100 Firms by R&D Investment-3RankCompanyCountryInvest.($mil)as % of sales61BASFGermany876.772.562SAPGermany874.6213.863VolvoSweden841.574.464STMicroelectronicsNetherlands824.1416.465FiatItaly797.742.366Infineon TechnologiesGermany796.3914.967Hyundai MotorSouth Korea796.372.368QualcommUSA785.82

47、20.469United TechnologiesUSA781.223.270Fuji Photo FilmJapan781.096.871EMCUSA750.9713.272Takeda PharmaceuticalJapan727.451473NestleSwitzerland725.81.774HoneywellUSA720.934.575CaterpillarUSA688.233.276Daiichi SankyoJapan680.7617.177EI du Pont de NemoursUSA665.244.778SharpJapan661.925.579MedtronicUSA63

48、3.0510.180GoogleUSA627.7311.62006世界研发投资最大100家公司-42006 Top 100 Firms by R&D Investment-4RankCompanyCountryInvest.($mil)as % of sales81Advanced Micro DevicesUSA615.6821.382Freescale SemiconductorUSA610.5720.583UnileverUK610.432.284Astellas PharmaJapan609.2416.285AKZO NobelNetherlands596.966.586Dow ChemicalUSA594.732.487Applied MaterialsUSA588.7612.688Lockheed MartinUSA581.953.489France TelecomFrance576.741.690Novo NordiskDenmark570.8616.391BroadcomUSA570.7230.592Sa