原子化学讲义沙维尔高中

1、XavierHigh School IPC Review: Atoms, Chemical Bonding, Water, Solutions, Acids and Bases Name_ Date_ Section_ Subatomic Particle, Atomic Number, Atomic Mass and Atomic Models 1. What three subatomic particles make up atoms. _ _ 2. What are three key properties of each particle. Use the table below f

2、or your answer. Subatomic Particle Location in an atom Charge Size 3. What is the atomic number of chlorine. _ 4. What determines the Atomic Number of an element. _ _ _ _ 5. It is a widely held misconception that the Atomic Mass of an element is the same as the Mass Number of an element. They are no

3、t the same. a. How is the Atomic Mass of an element calculated. _ _ _ _ _ b. How is the Mass Number of an element calculated. _ _ _ _ _ 6. Use your knowledge of atoms and the periodic table to complete the following table. Element Atomic Atomic Protons Electons Neutrons # Mass Ar 18 39.948 amu 2 2 H

4、e O 15.999 amu 8 7. Draw a Bohr model of a carbon atom. Make sure to include the number of protons and neutrons located in the nucleus. a. Helpful hints below. Electrons in each orbital Bohr Model of Carbon Orbital Nuber of Electrons 1 2 2 8 3 8 4 18 5 18 6 32 7 32 Bohr Model of Chlorine Isotopes 8.

5、 What is an isotope. _ 9. Draw the Bohr model of isotopes Carbon 13 and Carbon 14. Carbon 13 Carbon 14 10. What does it mean for an isotope to be radioactive. _ _ _ _ _ 11. Describe three uses for radioactive isotopes. _ _ _ _ _ Chemical Bonding 12. What is a chemical compound. _ _ _ _ _ 13. Sea sal

6、t contains calcium chloride CaCl2, an ionic compound similar to table salt. One atom of calcium atomic number 20 bonds to two atoms of chlorine atomic number 17. Fill in the number of protons and electrons in each ion. Ion Chloride Ion Calcium Ion Chloride Ion Cl- Ca+ Cl- Number of Protons Number of

7、 Electrons 14. What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond. _ _ _ _ _ Water and itroperties 15. Draw two molecules of H2O using a dotted line to represent a hydrogen bond between them. 16. Why is a water molecule polar. _ _ _ _ 17. Is a water molecule neutral or charged. Explain

8、 your answer. _ _ _ _ 18. What is a hydrogen bond. _ _ _ 19. What is Cohesion. Give a real world example of cohesion. _ _ _ _ _ 20. What is Adhesion. Give a real world example of adhesion. _ _ _ _ _ 21. What is Specific Heat. _ _ _ _ _ 22. Water has a large specific heat capacity compared to other s

9、ubstances. What does this statement mean and why is this fact important to biological systems. _ _ _ _ _ Solution and Suspensions 23. Complete the following table. Substance Definition Physical combination of two or more substances Examples Solute Water in a saltwater solution Mixture of water and nondissolved substances Solution Acids, Bases, and pH 24. What makes pure water neutral. _ _ _ _ _ 25. The pH scale is a measurement system devised by chemists. What does the pH scale measure. _ _ _ _ _ 26. In terms of H+ and OH- ions .a. . what is an acid._ _ _ _ _ b. . what is a base._ _