同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+ⅢGrammar

1、2022-2022 同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+和反意疑问句和答案Grammar 定语从句（）Section Grammar 定语从句 和反意疑问句语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观看原句 Looking good is important to women,isnt it？Im taking weight- loss pills called Fat- Less,which are quite popular among young women here. My mother,who you met last year,keeps telling me not to

2、 take them because they are dangerous. My mother insisted on sending me to the hospital,where I received good medical treatment. We shouldnt be ashamed of the way we look,should we？Its the same in Chinamany people,some of whom are not overweight at all,are always going on a diet. 后自主感悟1.例句中的关系词在从句中作

3、主语；2.例句中的关系词在从句中作宾语；3.例句中的关系词在从句中作地点状语；4.反意疑问有两种基本形式： 例句属于前肯后否式, 例句属于前否后肯式；一、非限制性定语从句 1概述 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不亲密,它的作用是用来供应附加的而非 必要的信息,只是对先行词作进一步的说明、补充或说明,与先行词之间的关系 较为松散,之间有逗号分隔；如去掉此定语从句,句子的主旨大意仍旧明确,不 会引起误会和太大的歧义；Mr.Li is the manager of our company,whom you saw at the meeting yesterday. 李先生是我们公司的经理,昨天你在会

4、上见过他；2关系词的作用先行词关系词作用- 1 - / 9 2022-2022 同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+和反意疑问句和答案Grammar 定语从句（）人who 主语人whom 宾语物/整个主句which 主语 /宾语人/物定语whoseof whom/of which 人/物/整个主句as 主语 /宾语时间名词when 时间状语常为地点名词where 地点状语Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.主语 查尔斯 史密斯去年退休了,他曾是我的老师；Xiao Wang,whom they

5、 often talk about,is going to America next month.宾语 他们常常谈到的那个小王下个月要去美国了；There are many high buildings along the river,where there used to stand rows of trees.地点状语 沿河有很多的高楼,过去那儿是成排的树；The earth goes around the sun,as we all know.宾语 众所周知,地球围着太阳转； 名师点津 1在非限制性定语从句中不能用that 来代指人或物 ,而应当用 who/whom 指人,用 which

6、 指物；指人和指物的关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时也不能省略；指人作宾语时通常用宾格 2非限制性定语从句不能用whom,口语中也可用 who；why 引导 ,常用 for which 代替 why；即时训练 1 用适当的关系词填空 China Today attracts a worldwide readership,which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are priz

7、es for us. We then moved to Paris,where we lived for six years. 3as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区分 as,which 引导非限制性定语从句指代整个句子- 2 - / 9 2022-2022 同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+和反意疑问句和答案Grammar 定语从句（）引导词 as which引导的从句不能位于主句之位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后前意义 正如 这,那连接上下文的作用,表达说话人的 引导的从句在意义上相当于功能观点、看法,并指出主句内容 一个并列句As is announc

8、ed in todays newspapers,we must improve our style of work. 正如今日的报纸上说的, 我们必需改进工作作风； as引导非限制性定语从句,代指主句 we must improve our style of work Einstein,as we know,is a famous scientist. 众所周知,爱因斯坦是一位闻名的科学家；主句 Einstein is a famous scientist as 引导非限制性定语从句,代指It rained hard yesterday,which prevented me from goin

9、g to the park. 昨天雨下得很大,这阻挡了我去公园；主句 It rained hard yesterday 名师点津 which 引导非限制性定语从句,代指1as引导非限制性定语从句时,其后常接 expect,know,report,say,see等动词的主动或被动语态句以及用于一些固定结构中；如：as was expected不出所料,as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的 ,as is often the case这是常有的事 等；2as也可用在限制性定语从句中,先行词中常含有 such,so 或 the same等；Such books as I have

10、 read are English novels. 我所读过的书都是英文小说；as 作宾语 即时训练 2 选词填空： as,which The number of smokers,as is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. Until now ,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,which is quite unexpected. - 3 - / 9 2022-2022 同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+和反意疑问句和答案Gra

11、mmar 定语从句（）She has the same fair hair and blue eyes as her mother has. 4在“ 介词 which/whom” 之前可以使用表示数量或定位的数词、形容词最 高级或代词；1常见的代词有 all,none,both,neither,any,each,either 等；He had two sons,both of whom were killed in the war. 他有两个儿子,他们都在战争中死去；2常见的表示数量的词有a few,several,many,a lot,a large number,a great many,

12、a great deal,a large quantity等；They asked me a lot of questions,many of which I couldnt answer. 他们问了我很多问题,其中有很多我不会回答；3the形容词的最高级 /last/序数词 ofwhich/whom In his office there are nine clerks,the youngest of whom is Mr Liu. 在他的办公室有 9 个职员,其中最年轻的是刘先生；即时训练 3 句型转换 John invited about 40 people to his wedding

13、.Most of them are family members. John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are family members. He has three sons.Two of them are doctors. He has three sons,two of whom are doctors. Amy eats lots of fruit and vegetables.All of the fruit and vegetables are good for her health. Amy eats

14、 lots of fruit and vegetables,all of which are good for her health. 5限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分类型限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制程不行或缺,去掉后主句意思不补充说明主句,去掉后不影响主句度明确意义的完整句子结前面没有逗号有逗号与先行词分开构先行词先行词一般为单个的名词或先行词既可为单个的名词或代词,代词也可为整个句子或其中一部分- 4 - / 9 2022-2022 同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+和反意疑问句和答案Grammar 定语从句（）引导词可用全部的关系代词 /副词引在全

15、部的关系词中不能用that 或why 引导非限制性定语从句,且引导,且关系词作宾语时可省略导词不能省略翻译方译成前置定语译成并列句式Ill never forget the day when I first met you. 我将永久不会遗忘我第一次遇到你的那一天；when 引导限制性定语从句 They will set off for London next year,when they will have enough money.他们打算明年去伦敦,届时钱也凑够了；即时训练 4 完成句子when 引导非限制性定语从句 他住在北京,从这里到那儿有 5 个小时的车程；He lives in

16、Beijing ,which is about five hours ride from here. 他们居住的城市正在发生庞大变化；Great changes are taking place in the citywhich/thatthey live in/Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live二、反意疑问句 1概述 反意疑问句就是对陈述句所表达的事情提出相反疑问的问句；主要表示以礼 貌或委婉的语气提出要求、询问或确认信息等；读时前半部分用降调,后半部分 用升调；2基本构成形式 反意疑问句的前

17、一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句；两部 分的人称和时态应保持一样；陈述部分为确定句时,疑问句用否定式,反之亦然；We can still be friends,cant we.我们仍旧是伴侣,不是吗？He doesnt like ice cream,does he.他不喜爱冰淇淋,是吗？即时训练 5 完成以下反意疑问句 His father cant name the plant,can he. Mary likes playing basketball in her spare time,- 5 - / 9 2022-2022 同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Sec

18、tion+和反意疑问句和答案doesnt she. This will not be mentioned at the meeting,will it. 3详细用法Grammar 定语从句（）1陈述句中的主语是名词或代词时,疑问句中用相应的代词来代替此主语或 用与主语一样的代词；Your parents had a long talk with you last night,didnt they. 昨晚你父母与你进行了一次长谈,不是吗？当陈述句中主语是someone,somebody,anybody,anyone,everybody,everyone,nobody,no one等不定代词时,疑

19、问句中的代词用 they 或者 he；Everyone has advised you not to go on a diet,havent they.大家都劝你不要节食,不是吗？当陈述句中主语是this,that,something,everything,nothing,anything,不定式,动名词或从句时,疑问句中的代词用 it；Everything has gone wrong,hasnt it.每件事都出差错了,不是吗？Shopping isnt what you want to do,is it.购物不是你想要做的事,是吗？即时训练 6 完成以下反意疑问句 这是一块美丽的手表,不

20、是吗？This is a lovely watch,isnt it. 把握英语不是很简单,是吗？To master English is not easy,is it. 一些植物从来不开花,对吗？Some plants never blow,do they. 2陈述句含有情态动词时,疑问句一般用“ 情态动词代词” 的形式；情态 动词 must 用法如下：作“ 禁止” 讲时,用 must；作“ 必需” 讲时,用 mustnt/neednt；作“ 确定” 讲表估计时,依据动作发生的时间及状态,选用不同的时态；Students mustnt be late,must they.- 6 - / 9 2

21、022-2022 同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+和反意疑问句和答案同学们不许迟到,是吗？He must be in his room now,isnt he.他现在肯定在房间里,不是吗？Grammar 定语从句（）You must have got the letter when you were in the office,didnt you. 当你在办公室时确定收到了那封信,不是吗？即时训练 7 完成以下反意疑问句 我们不需要今日完成,是吗？We neednt finish it today,need/must we. 他们确定已经回来了,不是吗？They m

22、ust have come back,havent they. 他肯定在帮忙那位老人浇花,不是吗？He must be helping the old man to water the flowers,isnt he. 3陈述句中用了表示否定或半否定词时,疑问句用确定形式； 如 neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little ,never,hardly,seldom 等；但陈述句含有否定意义 的前缀或后缀的谓语动词时,不影响疑问句的形式；Neither of you will have coffee,will you.你们两个人都不喝咖啡,不是吗？She seld

23、om argues with others,does she.她很少与别人争执,不是吗？They are hopeless,arent they.他们没有期望了,不是吗？即时训练 8 完成以下反意疑问句 No one has found my CD,have they. Its unfair,isnt it. You and I could hardly work together,could we. 4确定的祈使句,其后的疑问句可用will you 或 wont you,否定的祈使句,其后的疑问句用 will you ；以 lets开头的祈使句,后面的疑问句用 shall we；Listen

24、 to me carefully,will/wont you.认真听我说,好吗？Dont play with fire ,will you.- 7 - / 9 2022-2022 同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+ 和反意疑问句和答案不要玩火,好吗？Lets go home,shall we.我们回家吧,好吗？即时训练 9 完成以下反意疑问句 Dont open the door,will you. Lets go and have a rest,shall we. Come early next time,will/wont you. Grammar 定语从句（）5

25、陈述部分为主从复合句,疑问部分一般与主句的谓语一样,但当主句主语是第一人称,并且谓语部分为 般与从句的谓语一样；think,believe,imagine,suppose等时,疑问部分一They told me it was not true,didnt they. 他们告知我这不是真的,是吗？I believe he can make it,cant he. 我信任他能获得胜利,是吗？6当陈述部分是 there be句型时,疑问部分用 there；There was nothing in the room,was there. 房间里什么也没有,是吗？即时训练 10 完成以下反意疑问句 I

26、dont think he will come,will he. He knows where I live,doesnt he. There used to be a high tower here,usednt there/didnt there. 4对反意疑问句的回答 在回答这类问句时,不管其陈述部分是确定的仍是否定的,事实是确定的,回答用“yes确定的简略句” ；事实是否定的,回答用“no否定的简略句” ,形式要一样；陈述部分是否定形式时,答语中的He wants to go,doesnt he.他想去,不是吗？Yes,he does./No,he doesnt. 是的,他想去； /不,他不想去；That isnt a useful book,is it.- 8 - / 9 yes译成“ 不” , no 译成“ 是” ；2022-2022 同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+和反意疑问句和答案那不是一本