书面表达“句子成分”梳理谓语课件-高三英语一轮复习

1、书面表达“句子成分”梳理谓语*本节知识学习目标: 1.系统掌握什么词、什么结构可以在句中充当谓语。 2.使用谓语结构时有哪些注意事项。*本节知识学习的关键: 1.在书面表达时能准确使用谓语结构。谓语结构是句子的最核心部分。高考书面表达阅卷时，要点之上的句子如果没有谓语结构，不能确认为要点或视为要点未出，因而无要点分。 2.使用谓语结构要尤其关注动词的时态、语态、语气、情感、否定和非谓语动词的巧用。一、谓语的概念表示主语的动作或状态的动词叫谓语。二、谓语动词的分类（一）行为动词（实义动词） 可以直接作谓语。它分为及物动词（其后必须跟宾语意义才完整，如果没有宾语就要考虑使用被动语态）和不及物动词（

2、其后不需要跟宾语意义已经完整，如果有宾语就要和适当的介词连用）。1.Tom_(进入)the teachers office without permission and the teacher was angry with him.2.They_(到达)Shanghai three days ago and stayed in an expensive hotel.3.If you do know the answer, please_(举起) your hand.entered/went intoreached/arrived inraise/put up4.After the fire,

3、nothing_(剩下) of the house.5.Mary went into the restaurant, _(坐) herself in the corner and began to look at the menu.注意事项：1.有些动词（如study, speak, live等）既可以用作及物动词，又可以用作不及物动词。(1)She studied English at college and she studied particularly hard.(2)He speaks English very fluently and he often speaks to fore

4、igners.(3)I live in a most beautiful city and I live a very happy life.remained/was leftseated2.短暂性动词不和表示一段时间的状语连用。(1)The Smiths have left here for five days. ( ) The Smiths have been away from here for 5 days. ( )(2)I have joined the army for three years. ( ) I have been in the army for three years

5、. ( )单句改错：(1)We have bought this color TV for quite a few years.(2)Jane and Tom have married for half a year.(3)He and his former girl friend have separated from each other since 2017.(4)We have become friends since we met in New York._ kept been been_ been(5)Her parents have been died for almost 3

6、years.(6)The baby has fallen asleep for at least 3 hours.(7)Johns mother has fallen ill for weeks.(8)How long have you come here?3.延续性动词不和短暂具体的时间状语连用，但其进行时则可以。(1)I_(等) for you at 8 oclock last night.(2)You said you_(呆) at the hotel room at midnight last night, right?4.短暂性动词的肯定形式不能和时间段名词一起用于完成时，但其否定形

7、式则可以。_ dead_ been_ been_ beenwas waitingwere waiting(1)I have heard from you for a long time. ( ) I havent heard from you for a long time. ( ) It is a long time since I heard from you. ( )(2)Such things have happened for many years. ( ) Such things have never happened for many years.( ) It is many y

8、ears since such things happened.( )（二）连系动词 不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成合成谓语。常见的系动词有： *表示状态存在的：be(是，成为), seem(仿佛),appear (显得),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),keep(保持),stay/remain(依然),prove(证明) *表示状态变化的：get, grow, go, turn, become, fall等，他们常译为“变得”。(1)His wife has_(变成) senior officer while he

9、 _(依然) a junior clerk.(2)His idea_ _/_ _ _ (证明是正确的).(3)His excuse_ _(听起来有道理).(4)Our country_ _ _ _ _ _ (变得越来越强大) day by day.注意事项：1.连系动词之后一般跟形容词作表语（少数的还可以跟名词、小品副词、介词词组、不定式做作表语）。2.系动词一律不用被动语态。3.表示状态变化的连系动词可以用进行时，表示状态存在的系动词不能用进行时。4.turn之后接名词作表语，一般不和冠词连用。turnedremainsproves correctproves to besounds rea

10、sonableis becoming more and more powerful（三）助动词 不能单独作谓语，在句中只是帮助构成一定的时态、语态、语气或者否定、疑问。常见的助动词有：am/is/ are/was/were; do/does/did; will/would; have/has/had等。1. -_you like listening to country music? -Yes, I_. 2._she enjoy watching TV?3._ you go to the football match last week?4.I_ not really fond of Engl

11、ish.5.She_ in ill health these few days.6. -What_ you doing this time yesterday? -I_ playing computer games7.I_ visit the Great Wall the following week. _ you like to go with me?DodoDoesDidamiswerewaswillWould8.This book_ _ translated into 20 languages already.9.She_ _ sleeping the whole morning.10.

12、The plane_ already taken off when we got to the airport.（四）情态动词 不能单独作谓语，必须和主要动词一起构成合成谓语。他们既不表示动作也不表示状态，只表示说话人的语气和态度。常见的情态动词有：can/could(能), may/might (也许), must(必须), shall/should/ought to(应该), will/ would(愿意), need(需要), dare(敢)等。注意事项：1.情态动词之后直接加动词原形，其否定形式直接在情态动词之后加not，构成疑问句直接把情态动词提到句首。has beenhas bee

13、nhad2.must没有其他时态的变化，无论什么时态均用must。(1)The waste and pollution_(可能造成) great harm to our health.(2)Everyone_(必须遵守) the regulations, or he/she will be punished.(3)We_(不应该)judge a person simply by his/her appearance.(4)Although asked many times, he_(不愿意) tell us the truth.(5)You_(不必) blame yourself so muc

14、h. It _(不能) be helped.(6)I_(不敢) tell my parents that I failed in the exam.may domust obeyoughtnt to/ shouldntwouldntneedntcantdarent（五）动词的时态 动词的时态是书面表达的主要考查内容之一。动词共有12钟常用时态（以do为例）：情况名称基本表达式用法与现在有关的时态一般现在时do/does表示经常发生的行为；描述现状、客观真理现在进行时am/is/are doing表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作现在完成时have/has done表示说话之前已经完成的动作现在完

15、成进行时have/has been doing表示从过去某一时间开始，一致持续进行到现在，还有可能进行下去与过去有关的时态 一般过去时did表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态过去进行时was/were doing表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作过去完成时had done表示过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作过去完成进行时had been doing表示从过去某一时间开始，一致持续进行到过去另一时间，还有可能进行下去与将来有关的时态 一般将来时shall/will doam/is/are going to doam/is/are about to doam/is/are to do 表示将

16、要发生的动作或存在的状态过去将来时should/would dowas/were going to dowas/were about to dowas/were to do 表示对过去某一时间来说将要发生的动作或存在的状态将来进行时shall/will be doing表示将来某一时间将正在进行的动作将来完成时shall/will have done表示到将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作注意事项：1.在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，如果主句用了一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时；如果主句用了过去将来时，从句要用一般过去时代替过去将来时，如：(1)I_(not leave) here

17、 until he_ (return).(2)Next time I_(do) as he _(say).(3)Even if it_(rain) tomorrow, the sports meeting _(take) place as planned.(4)I_(not go) out unless you_(agree).(5)They said they wouldnt go on a picnic if it_ (rain) the nest day.wont leavereturnswill dosaysrainswill takewont goagreerained2.以here

18、, there, now开头的倒装句，常用一般现在时表示眼下正发生的动作，如：(1)Here_(come) the bus. Hurry up!(2)Look! There_(come) an old lady.(3)Listen! There_(go) the bell.(4)Now_(come) your turn.3.表示过去某一时间先后发生或连续发生的一系列动作，句中动词一律用一般过去式（其标志为句中有and连接的一系列谓语），如：(1)He rose from his seat, _(put) up his coat and left the room.(2)He entered t

19、he room, _(take) off his hat and sat escomesgoescomesputtook4.进行时常用持续性动词。短暂性动词用进行时，表示“将来”。这类动词常见的有leave, go, come, begin, start, arrive, return, die等，如：(1)The boy_(die) fast but the doctor cant find a way out.(2)I_(come)! Wait a minute.(3)Our guests_(arrive). Wed better get ready.5.表示过去有过某种经历，这种经历不可

20、能为以后的行为所抹杀或否定，常用完成时。常用的时间状语有ever, never, once, twice, before等，如：(1)I_(be) to Chengdu only once.(2)This is the most moving film I_ (ever see).(3)I_(never see) such a beautiful painting before.is dyingam comingis arrivinghave beenhave ever seenhave never seen6.表示某人第几次的经历要用完成时，如：(1)This is the first ti

21、me I_(come) to Guiyang.(2)Mary told me that was the third time she_ (meet) John.7.叙述过去发生的事情，在先叙述了后发生的事情后再反过来追叙或补叙更早以前发生的事情，要用过去完成时，如：(1)Mr. Smith died yesterday. He_(be) a good friend of mine.(2)I didnt know anything about the text, for I _(not study) my lessons.have comehad methad beenhadnt studied

22、8.定语从句中，如果叙述的全部是过去的事情，先发生的动作要用过去完成时，如：(1)He finally found the key he_(lose).(2)As soon as he went out, he hurried back to get the book he_(leave) in the office.9.在宾语从句中，当主句动词为现在时态或将来时态时，从句谓语动词可用任何需要的时态；但如果主句动词为过去时，从句谓语动词则要根据情况使用与过去有关的时态（不受时间限制的客观事实依然用一般现在时），如：(1)I wonder what she_(do) now.(2)Do you

23、know when and where she_(bear).(3)I wonder if they_(come) tomorrow.had losthad leftis doingwas bornwill come(4)He told me that his son_(watch) TV then.(5)He complained that he_(wait) for me for more than an hour.(6)He told me he_(come) to see me again the next year.(7)Scientists told us that the ear

24、th_(move) around the sun.10.表示“不曾知道、不曾想到、不曾意识到、原以为、曾担心”等，要用动词的一般过去式（切不可受汉语影响而采用一般现在时），如：(1)Oh, Peter, fancy meeting you here. I_ (not know) you_(be) here.was watchinghad waitedwould comemovesdidnt knowwere(2)Hi, Mary, you have come at last! I_(be) afraid that you_ (not come) until tomorrow.(3)Oh, ho

25、w nice of you to bring me a gift! I never_ (think) you _ (go) to bring me a gift.11.有些动词用过去完成时，表示“未曾实现的打算或意图”，常见的动词有think, hope, want, mean, plan, expect, wish等，如：(1)We_(hope) to be able to come to see you, but we couldnt manage.(2)They_(want) to help but couldnt get there in time.waswouldnt comethoughtwere goinghad hopedhad wanted(3)I_(think) that he had died at least 10 years before.(4)We_(plan) to go to Beijing for holiday but couldnt afford the time.12.进行时与always, often, all the tim