2021年中考英语语法专题复习 考点(五)：动词的非谓语结构及用法

1、2021年中考英语语法专题考点（五）：动词的非谓语结构及用法复习目标：1、什么是非谓语动词？2、非谓语动词的含义、形式和用法各是怎样的？3、初中阶段常见的非谓语动词搭配一. 非谓语动词的含义： 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。二. 非谓语动词的形式及用法： 非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。具体形式如下：一、动词不定式1. 动词不定式作宾语。1) 在动词 want ,hope,would like,decide,wish, choos

2、e,try ,need 等后常用动词不定式作宾语。I hope (hear)from you soon .2) think/find/feel/make it + adj + to do sth He found it difficult (get) to sleep. 3).stop to do sth / stop doing sthstop to do sth 停下来去做某事 After working for a long time , He has to stop (have ) a rest .stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。He was very tired , s

3、o he had to stop (work).2. 动词不定式作宾语补。1). 带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sthPlease ask him (come) quickly.2). 省掉 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth 注：省掉 to 的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原 to .He made the baby (stop) crying .The baby was

4、 made (stop) crying.3. 动词不定式作主语1). 动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2). 常用 it 作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sthTo get an injection is a little painful .= Its a little painful to get an injection4. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后名词或代词+to do(介词)注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。 I

5、want a pen to write with.I want a piece of paper to write on.5. 动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+ to do sth注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”. Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?= Can you tell me how to get to the hospital.6. 动词不定式可作状语1). 动词不定式可作目的状语在 come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。He came here

6、(get)his book.2). 动词不定式可作原因状语表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语He was glad (see) his wife.3). 动词不定式可作结果状语在 tooto , not enough to 句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。He was too tired (walk) on .7. 动词不定式作表语be + to do sth注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。Her wish is (become) a doctor .= is her wish .8. 动词

7、不定式的否定形式在动词不定式的前面加 not .He told me (not stay) here .9. 动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。1).动词不定式符号的省略情况若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉 to .但两者有对比关系时，to 都不能省略。Edisons mother taught him to write and read .I havent decided to go home or to go to the cinema.2)省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。 Will you take a walk with me ? Im gl

8、ad to . Would you like to join my birthday party ? I would love to . 二、动名词1. 动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Reading in bed (be) bad for your eyes.2. 有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。三、现在分词1. 现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。I saw the boy (play)in the street just now .2. 现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语

9、从句。A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping . Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?3. 现在分词表伴随情况He came into the classroom ,carrying a book. 四、过去分词1. 作宾补have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事I had my TV repaired last night .2. 作定语单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。