牛津上海版中考首字母填空解题技巧附近9年中考真题

1、首字母填空解题技巧 附：近 9 年中考真题首字母填空到底要考察什么？“首字母填空” 要求考生不仅具备一定的词汇量、 扎实的句型和语法知识， 还要 去学生有较好的阅读能力， 能灵活运用所学知识去分析语篇。 简单地说， 该题型 的考查范围极广， 不仅包括词汇和语法的掌握， 还考查学生的阅读分析能力、 逻 辑推理能力，以及情境语感。历年真题中都考了什么内容？首字母出现频率最高的词性：动词、名词、形容词、副词特别注意单词的不同词性用法，比如一词多性词形变化是考察重点， 动词时态以及名词单复数和形容词比较级等都是考察语 法问题语篇内容多样化，基于生活化。失分原因有哪些？一、基础差，词汇量欠缺二、一知半解

2、，常用的固定短语和句型掌握不熟三、语法知识薄弱，细节不注意 四、阅读理解能力欠佳 , 纯中文翻译 有些学生阅读理解能力差，许多学生做题过程中出现两大问题 逐字翻译，没有放在具体语境中理解内容，结果翻译的中文找到英语单词 不能准确理解文章的主旨大意， 更不能深入地分析文章的中心内容和结构， 对 文章理解不透从而产生畏难心理，不愿认真思考分析，容易出现选词错误解决方法 / 答题技巧一、词汇量是基础 词汇功在平时，它所依靠的不是突击，而是日常的持续积累。词汇量是内功， 非 一朝一夕可成，但朝朝夕夕必成，在平时要多背单词，多积累词汇。二、固定搭 配很重要很多时候有的人认为“背背单词就行” ，词组不重要

3、，只要背好单词，其他词组 就很简单，殊不知“英语中考察是“意群” “搭配”，也就是放在语篇中不是简 单的一个词，反而是“搭配、句型等。 ”我们来看下面两个例子：例 1 ：The touchstone was a small pebble（ 卵石 ） that could t 74 any commonmetal into pure gold. 解析：此题考查 turn into “把转变为”这一动词短语。例 2 ： Art museum exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling t

4、hat there is something b 77 their understanding. 解析：此题考查 beyond ones understand “超出某人理解 范围”这一常用搭配。三、阅读技巧不可缺 通读文章，知大意（弄清其中心思想和大意） - 寻找中心句和主题句 1.精读文章，用技巧 2. 首句重点读词性判断分清楚英语词汇分为 10 种词性：名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介 词、连词、感叹词。首字母填空常考几类词性：名词、动词、形容词、副词、连 词等。名词表示人和物，实词。句中主要作主语和宾语。例 1 ：Tonys family was preparing di

5、nner when Amyarrived. The family was cooking vegetables with hot oil. The k 82 wasfilled with many good smells. （上海中考真题） 。 kitchen 等，这里填写 cooking 后接名 词，充当主语。根据上文 the 解析：动词表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。句中作谓语和非谓语动词形 式。例 1 ： Tony is Chinese American. Hisfamily members gather together and servea traditional Chines

6、e meal once aweek. Last week Tony i 81his（上海中考真题） friend Amy for it.解析：此空所填词在句中作谓语动词， 后跟宾语从句， 所以判断此处所填应为及 物 。可知填 invited 动词，根据上文中 meal。态等状、 颜 色 、 性状的事表词饰要词 主 修 名 ， 示 物 形 、 质容形 3.You Dont drive your car in London! Car parks are verye 91 . 例： ） to drive your car into have to pay a special congestion c

7、harge （拥堵费the city centre.（上海中考英语真题） ，修饰名词用形容词，所以判断此 carparks 解析：所填成分在剧中修饰主语 。空填写的词为形容词。根据下文 a special charge 意思可知填 expensive4. 副词说明时间、 地点、程度、方式等，修饰动词、形容词、整个句子； Tickets at reducedprices are not available for first-class travels例：（上海中考 ,such as to France or Germany.or for travels a 81英语真题） 解析：所填之空作状语

8、修饰动词，判断此处词性应为副词，根据上 下文得出此处填 更好的；更多的；较大程度地） ，修饰 travel 。 adv. abroad（U 5. 连词用来连接词与词，词组与词组，句子与句子的虚词，主要表示逻辑关 系。81 we are careful, its easy to fail to recognized an opportunity when it is in hand. 解析：此句中有两个分句，而没有连词链接，所以判断空中填入的应为连词，而 根 （“除非”）。 unless 据上下文意，这里应填入表示条件的连词 注意：连词关系 承接连词 - also ， and， besides

9、， in addition ，furthermore ，moreover ，what s more, again 过渡连词 but ， still ，yet ，however，instead ，even though 解释说明 for example ， such as ，in fact ， for instance 通过连词找出对应首字母词语。判断推理要准确 例 1 ： But the use of electronic spam（垃圾邮件 ） to a s 72 products hasbecome a major problem to many people as it makes co

10、mputer c 73 more difficult.解析： 73 需要结合常识做一定的推理， email 是人们的电子交流工具，而填入 的正是 communication 。例 2 ： Basic（ 基本的 ）community s 80 , such as police, fire, post office,health, and public schools, remain steady（ 稳定的 ） forces in the community, although some people may retire（退休） or move on.解析：这一题的提示信息就在后文： such

11、as police, fire, post office, health,and public schools ， 这些都是公共服务设施， 所以推断此空填 services 。阅读是一种能力体现， 不是靠课堂上认真听老师讲就能获得的， 而是靠课后大量 的阅读实践培养出来的， 只有通过不断的阅读， 才能积累经验和感悟。 每天读 5 篇语言地道、内容新颖、编排合理、难易适度的文章进行阅读，一定收益匪浅。四、细节检查不可缺 词形要根据词性进行判断。 首填中的变化一般都在形容词、 副词的比较级， 动词 的主谓一致、时态、语态，以及名词的数上。1. 碰到形容词、副词，要注意比较级和最高级 例： Thes

12、e companies can offer their products for a l 79 price than you might find in a store.解析：根据上下文意，此处应填“低的” price ，而后紧接着出现了关键信息词 than ，所以此空填 low 的比较级形式 lower 。2. 碰到动词，要注意主谓一致、时态与语态 例： Tony is Chinese American. His family members gather together and serve a traditional Chinese meal once a week. Last week

13、 Tony i 81his friend（上海中考真题） Amyf or it. 过 解析：此处根据文意判断填 invite ，根据时 间状语 last week ，所以用动词的 去时，即 invited 。碰到名词，要注意名词的数The school teaches students all the same s 82 as the rest例： theteaching methods are completely of the country s schools, but年上海中考真题） different.（2015 ，但要注意的是，这里表示的是多个“科解析：根据文意判断，此处应填 su

14、bject 。 subjects ，所以要用复数形式（可数名词） noun countable 是 subject 而，” 目例题 / 详细解析：When the London Underground goes on strike,my journey to work can be terrible.I remember a strike,which happened a few years a 1 the station near my house was closed and I had to use another station and take a different train.T

15、his a 2 about an hour to my journey,so I wasnt very happy.E 3 went wrong at the station.People were late and they werepanicking!By the time I go to the train,I wasfeeling upsetand sorry formyself.Then I saw this man.There was something about him-he had such a familiar f 4 .A few minutes later,I real

16、ized that he was Jack,a fiendfrom my school days in Scotland.At the same time he a 5 realized who I was.Then we started talking about school days and the people we both used to k 6 .I was even moresurprised when the train came into my station and he started to get off too!I asked him w 7 he was goin

17、g and he said he was going to work.He巧遇told me he worked in Fitzroy Street.You see,I work in Fitzroy Street,too.Its a small w 8 !It was such an amazing coincidence!全文概况是身处英国的作者在经历一次他印象深刻的伦敦地铁罢工事件时， 他旧日在苏格兰的同学的故事。在截取这样一个素材时，出题者选取了 8 个词 汇作为得分点。-第 1 空的答案是 ago。此处很少有同学失分， 把握一般过去时的必要的条件就 是要有一个表示段时间的 afewy

18、ears, 再看文中其余动词的时态就很容易推断出 是指几年以前。-第 2 空的答案是 added. 此处失分的同学不少，其难点有二：先是要判断此空 所需单词的词性是什么。 让我们跳过空格审视一下剩余部分还缺少什么句子成分？ 该句主语、宾语都在，只有中间的谓语不见，由此推断该处应为开头是 a 的动词，作者一再强调此次罢工是 terrible 的，那么消极影响就必然是增加作 者的麻烦。并且该句后面有一个介词 to 出现，那么什么动词既表示“增加、添 加”又可以和 to 一同使用呢？那么只有 add 符合条件。第一个难点解决了， 下一个就要看时态。根据统一原则，把 add 改为过去时 added 。

19、很多同学过了 难点以后就不再关注细节了，导致只填了 add 而失分。-第 3 空的答案是 Ev-erything. 原则同上。-第 4 空答案是 face. 作者偶然注意的人身体上的哪个部位会是以 f 开头的呢？ 有 face,foot 等等可能，显然填脚是“令人眼熟的”似乎不大合乎逻辑，能一 眼被人辨认的人体部位就是面孔，因此判断是 face 。-第 5 空答案是 also. 副词的考察这已经是第二次出现了， 通观这一句，所有主 要成分无一缺席，惟有表示“也、同时”的副词才符合题意，因而确定为 also. 表示在作者认出这样一个老同学的同时，对方也同时辨认出了“我”的身份。-第 6 空答案是

20、 know.此句是一个包含省略关系代词“ that/who/whom ”的定语 从句的复合句，先行词可确定是 peo-ple, 而表示“认识 / 知道”含义的以 k 开 头的动词只有 know。-第 7 空答案是 where. 先要复习一下宾语从句的概念， 它是指在主从复合句 中 充当宾语、位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句。引导宾语从句的连接 词有：连词 that ，whether ，if ；连接代词 who，which ，what 以及其强调形式 whoever，whichever ，whatever ；连接副词 when，where，why， how 等。本句 及物动词 ask 后很

21、明显应该衔接的是双宾语，其中有直接宾语人称代词 him,后面就要跟一个由任意连接副词引导的宾语从句做间接宾语。 再向后看，发现“老 朋友”回答作者他是要去工作，从而确定选择连接副词 where 代指地点。-第 8 空答案是 world. 此句是非正常形式的感叹句，虽然不是由“ what/how” 引导，但后面的感叹号仍说明了该句的性质，在判断出了以上 7 个空白后，同 学们可轻易知道作者感慨的是 “这世界真小！”名词 world 等均包含在 初中英 语学科教学基本要求里。首字母填空类题目是全方位地考察同学们对所学知识点的综合判断能力以及总 体语言应用水平。只要平时多注意加强训练自己的能力， 并

22、且多选有价值的文 章 自我整合，还是很有可能取得进步的。 历届中考英语首字母填空2019在短文的空格内填入适当的词 , 每空格限填一词 , 首字母已给 . （14 分） Paul was my little brother, and he was special. He was different from me because he sat in a wheelchair, and he was blind. Lots of times when we walked with Paul, other kids came over and asked us why he was in his

23、chair and why he couldnt s 81. They thought he was different because he had his own school bus and had to go to a special school. But thats not really the reason. Paul was different for the things just our family knew about-only we knew the s 82 that made him special.Paul helped me hear small sounds

24、. Every time I was with him, Id have to beg q83 to hear the flying birds and the talking trees he heard.Paul helped me exercise. When we went for a walk, wed often go uphill.WhenI pushed his chair all the way to the woods at the t 84 , I was really getting my exercise!Paul h 85 ever complained. He w

25、ent along with whatever the rest of us wanted to do. One time when he had a fever, he got uncomfortable, but he never shouted or fought or asked me to switch the TV channel.Sometimes Paul let me put things in his hand. Wep layed a kind of guessing game. I put different toys there for him to f 86 . H

26、e was always surprised when I let him hold something new.Paul was my friend. He couldnt talk to me like most of my friends, and he couldnt run outside to play. But he was there for all the peaceful times, and he had the best smile in the world.I was l87 to grow up with him as his sister. He helped m

27、e to realizethat there is a good side to every situation, if we simply make the choice to find it.2018Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺 . 每空格限填一词，首字母已给 ）Olyvia, love is simple. You don t have to do much to make someone happy.That was what my mother said to me when I was a chi

28、ld. Over a year ago,I had a chance. My good friend Kaylee told me about her t 81 to a smalltown called Gary, and how it was a life-changing experience. I made up my mind to go there myself.When I told my parents about the decision, they didnt a 82 at first.They said I didnt know much about the place

29、. They were worried that it was not s 83 for me to go there. Thankfully, after I explained my planto them in detail, they said yes.Wheno ur group arrived in Gary, I noticed how different the town was from where I lived. There were few stores or restaurants in the town; most had closed. So you would

30、be very l84 if you could find a place to buyfood or drinks. Houses were built on small hills. Many of them had broken doors or windows. My job was to help the local people to r85 houses.The work days were long and hot, but it was really good to see the houses taking on a new look day by day.The chil

31、dren there were also different. They seemed to enjoy every moment in life though theywere poor. The smallest things wouldmake these kidshappy. I couldnt find words to describe their j 86 when they received an ice-cream, a ball or even a kiss. The community was like a big family. Everyone knew each o

32、ther and was there when someone needed help.I am so glad that I had this unforgettable experience. I truly learned the m 87 of what my mother said. You don t need to do much to make a difference to others lives.2017Fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺 . 每空格限填一词，首字母已给 )A Deliciou

33、s MealTony is Chinese American. His family members gather together and serve a traditional Chinese meal once a week. Last week Tony i(81) his friend Amy for it.Tonys family was preparing dinner when Amy arrived. The family was cooking vegetables with hot oil. The k(82) was filled with many good smel

34、ls. You can help me set the table. Tony told his friend. They gave each person a pair of chopsticks, a soup bowl, a soup spoon, and a rice bowl on a plate.Where are the forks and knives? Amy asked.Oh, you wont n(83) those. Tony explained. I will show you how to use chopsticks. Dont worry.Tonys mothe

35、r put different foods which were unfamiliar to Amy onto big plates. She asked the kids to carry the foodfilled plates out to thetable. Amy carried roast duck. It was one of the f (84) dishes she recognized.Amy was a little nervous about eating with chopsticks. Tony gave her instructions on how to do

36、 it. Amy finally managedt o hold the chopsticks. Just when she picked up a piece of chicken in her chopsticks ， her fingers s(85) lost control of them, and the chicken flew across the table.It landed in Tonys soup with a splash (飞 溅 ). E(86) at the tablesmiled.Amy.to them handed He knife. and fork a

37、 out brought kindly father Tonys Amy felt more c(87) . She ate the rest of her dinner easily. It was delicious!At the end of the meal, Amy was given a fortune cookie(签语饼干 ) . Shebroke it open and read the small note inside, If you practice hard, you will learn many things. Amy laughed and said, if y

38、ou let me take home a pair of chopsticks, my fortune may come true!2016( 在短文的空格内填入适当的词 , 每空格限填一词 , 首字母已给出 ) (14 分 ) The Young Persons Rail-card is very popular in Britain now. It gives young people the chance to buy (81) c train tickets across the country.Just imagine, it could take you to festivals

39、, to see friends, or to London for a weekend break, at a lower price.Who can apply?Anyone between 16 and 25 years of age. You will need to provide something to (82) p that you are under 26. For this, only your ID card, drivinglicence, passport or medical card will be acceptable.Or, if you are an adu

40、lt student (83) o25 years old but receiving formaleducation, you can also apply. You will need to get your teacher to sign the application form (申请表). Formal education refers to studies ofmore than 15 hours per week for at least 20 weeks a year in college. Then take your completed application form w

41、ith a recent (84) p ofyourself, 28 and other materials needed to any main railway station or student travel office to apply for the card.How to use your rail-card?You can use it anytime-weekends, holidays or during the week. Please ask at your local station or contact a railway travel agent for more

42、 (85) iconsideredbe will it signed, name users the have not does rail-card a Ifinvalid( 无效的). No one else may use either your rail-card or any tickets with it. You will be required to pay the (86) f price of the ticketif your are unable to show your own rail-card with the ticket for a check during a

43、 journey.Tickets at reduced prices are not available for first-class travels or for travels （87） a , such as to France or Germany. Passengers will be asked to buy regular priced tickets if they want to use these services.2015Fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词， 使其内容通顺， 每空 格限填一词，首字母已给

44、） （14 分）Its a common school day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park in South Africa. Teachers and pupils dont sit in a classroom.I 81 , they go through the forest or sit under the trees.The school teaches students all the same s 82 as the rest of the countrys schools, but t

45、he teaching methods are completely different. Southern Cross uses nature as a teaching tool. The teachers and their pupils go out into nature and work with animals and plants. These can be used to study a 83 from maths and social sciences to languages. The school is in an area where animals live wil

46、d and can be hunted. To get to class, students travel a road through the forest that wild animals use as well.The classroom for small preschoolers is a little different from the rest of the school. For example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very s 84 . In this scho

47、ol you wont hear a teacher saying “ Count how many apples Jane has in her basket.” Actually, thechildren visit a nearby river to count the number of marks left by animals. This way they can see how many different animals come to d 85 during the night.The students are encouraged to take care of the i

48、njured and small animals. If they find a dead animal in the area, they study where the animal fits in the foot chain and how and why it d 86 .The headmaster says, “We must make people understand what we are doing to the e 87 . We need to care for our planet.”2014（ 在短文的空格内填入适当的词 , 使其内容通顺。每空格限填写一词 , 首

49、字母已 给出） （14 分）A school newspaper The Teens asked over on e thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r 81 of the survey. Its not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after- school activities.P

50、 82activity was popular among both girls and boys, averagingbetween three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed s

51、aid that music was their favourite activity. This i 83 both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine.Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they l

52、iked to do in their spare time. They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.V 85 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way

53、of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.2013Read the passage and fill in

54、 the blanks with proper words （14分）At some time in your life, you might have a roommate. It is a good idea to share a flat, especially for students or people who have just finished school, because flats are usually expensive. And m 86 is not the only reason for having a roommate. Sharing a flat can

55、be fun.But life with a roommate can also be a t 87 experience. Some experts（ 专家） did a study of college students who shared a room. They found that students who had problems with their roommates were not happy at school and were more likely to get sick than other students. So, how can you l 88 with

56、a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice:Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time from when you dont see them very o 89 . So, before you plan to share a room with a friend, discuss the situation carefully.If you decide to share a ro

57、om with someone you dont know, talk to each other. Its important to be h 90 about your habits and things you hate.When you move in with a roommate, make rules. Decide how you will share h 91 , such as cleaning, washing and shopping. Will you share food?Is it OK to have guests? And what about loud mu

58、sic?Dont get angry at small things that your roommate does. Try to f92 the unhappy things between you and your roommate. No oneis perfect. including you2012Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:（14分）The 2012 London Olympic Games are on the way. You may have a nice trip in London

59、with the help of the following information.Getting around in LondonByThe undergro The underground is fast and convenient. There undergroundis a station every few blocks. Underground trains run from 5:30 a.m. to 12:00 midnight. You can get toany place e 86 .Travellingby busis agoodway to seethe city,

60、especially from the top of a double-decker bus. There is always a busBybus understop nearby. There are special tickets for c 87 the age of 12.Take a train to visit places outside London, likeHamptonCourt and Windsor Castle. You can use a Travelcard ontheBytrain underground, buses and most trains. To