17倒装课件教学

1、 倒 装 英语句子通常是主语在前，谓语在后，但为了强调或使句子平衡，会将谓语或谓语的一部分提到主语前面，这就构成了所谓的倒装结构。 尽管在高考的语法填空和短文改错中至今没有直接考查过，但我们依然要重视，并掌握好。理由有三： 一是在高考试卷的语篇中会经常碰到。如2017年全国卷的完形填空中就有以下两个倒装句：My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. 我全家人在听，我的朋友也在听。Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL. 我不知道我会爱上美国手势语。 二是在

2、写作中若能用上倒装句，会给你的文章增色不少。最典型的句子是：Only in this way can we solve this problem. 只有用这种办法我们才可以解决这个问题。 三是过去未考并不代表将来也不考。在语法填空中要求考生填入部分倒装句中的助动词do, does或did，在短文改错中漏用助动词，或者有了助动词do, does, did, 但后面却没有用原形，这都是需要注意的。1. “there be + 主语”句型。There is a decline in real wages. 实际工资有所减少。注：有时be还可换作lie, live, come, exist, sit,

3、 stand, remain等。如：There remained a still more difficult and dangerous task. 还有一项更加困难和危险的任务。一、完全倒装 完全倒装就是将谓语动词放到主语的前面。能构成完全倒装需同时具备三个条件：(1) 主语必须是名词；(2) 谓语动词是不及物动词(除以下第6条外)；(3) 时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。Once upon a time，there lived a man known by the name of Joe. 从前，有一个叫乔的人住在那里。There exists an ancient temple in t

4、his town, which attracts many visitors. 这个镇里有一座古庙，吸引着许多游客。At the top of the hill there stands an old temple. 在小山顶上有一座古庙。 2. “Here /There /Now /Then + come /go/ run/ be+ 主语” 句型。Here is your letter. 这是你的信。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。Then came the chairman. 然后主席就来了。注：除then引导的句子

5、用过去式以外，其余均用一般现在时，表示一种生动的描述。3. 表示方位的副词out, in, up, down, ahead, away等置于句首，用全部倒装。Up went the arrow into the air. 飕的一声，箭射上了天。Down came the rain. 下起雨来。Following the roar，out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 一声吼叫，呼地从丛林中冲出一只老虎。In came Mr Li, book in hand. 李老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个

6、老妇人。Away they went. 他们走了。 4. 作状语的介词短语放在句首时，要全部倒装。On the top of the hill stands an old pine tree. 山顶上矗立着一棵古老的松树。They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy of about 10. 他们来到了一个农舍，屋前坐着一个大约10岁的小男孩。5. 构成进行时态的现在分词或作表语的过去分词、介词短语、形容词、副词有时可移到句首，来对这一动作或状态加以强调。Lying on the floor was a boy a

7、ged about 13. 躺在地板上的是一个大约13岁的男孩。(进行时态) Seated on the grass are a group of young students. 坐在草地上的是一群青年学生。(过去分词短语) On either side of the road are rows of fruit trees. 道路两旁是一排排的果树。 (介词短语) 6. 当直接引语位于句首时。“That was wonderful,” said Daniel. “那太好了，”丹尼尔说。比较：“That was wonderful,” he said. (凡完全倒装主语必须是名词，是代词时不能

8、用倒装)二、部分倒装 部分倒装的语序与一般疑问句的语序完全相同，即把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词，就在主语之前加助动词do, does 或did，而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。需要部分倒装有以下几种情况：1. 以never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, few, not, not until, no sooner, nowhere, at no time, by no means等否定词或半否定词开头的句子常用部分倒装。如：Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这

9、样的表演。Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不很明白这次会议多么重要。Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案。Rarely had we seen her move so fast. 我们很少看到她走得这么快。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。(仅主句倒装)No sooner had she stepped

10、 out of the house than it began to rain. 她一走出屋子，天就开始下雨。(仅主句倒装)Hardly had I stood up when he waved to me to remain sitting. 我刚站起来，他就挥手叫我继续坐着。(仅主句倒装)注意： 否定词不在句首不倒装。请比较：Seldom does he go to bed before midnight. He seldom goes to bed before midnight. 他很少在半夜前睡觉。2. “only+状语(副词/介词短语/从句)”放在句首，要部分倒装。如：Only t

11、hen did he realize that he had made a mistake. 直到那时，他才意识到自己犯了错误。Only in this way can we study English well. 只有这样，我们才能学好英语。Only when you have done your homework can you watch TV. 只有等你写好了作业之后你才能看电视。(仅主句倒装)3. not onlybut also连接两个句子，且not only分句置于句首时，该分句要用部分倒装。如：Not only does John love Chinese, but also

12、he is good at speaking it. 约翰不但喜欢汉语，而且他的汉语也讲得非常好。注意：如果置于句首的Not onlybut also仅连接两个并列主语，不可用倒装结构。如：Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜欢音乐。4. so + be /情态动词/助动词 + 主语某某也一样 neither /nor + be/情态动词/助动词 + 主语某某一样不Your have seen the film. So has he. 你看了那部电影，他也看了。 If you go there tomorrow, so will I.

13、如果你明天去那里，我也去。He cant swim. Neither can I. 他不会游泳，我也不会。He has none today; nor will he have any tomorrow. 他今天一无所有，明天也是一无所有。注意：请体会以下两句与上述情况的区别。如：Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆叫我去踢足球，我去了。“Its raining hard.” “So it is.” “雨下得很大。”“的确很大。”5. sothat句型中，“so +形容词或副词”置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。如：So frigh

14、tened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得动都不敢动。6. Such is life(生活就是这样)之类的句子, 也是部分倒装。如：Such was Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. 这就是爱因斯坦，一个简朴而又取得巨大成就的人。7. 虚拟条件从句的谓语含有should, were,或had，可省略if，将这些词移至主语之前。如：Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. 如果明天下雨，运动会就延

15、期。(=If it should rain tomorrow, ) Were I you, I would support him. 如果我是你，我会支持他。(=If I were you, )Had you come with us, I think you would have enjoyed Guangzhou too. 你要是和我们一起来了的话，我觉得你也会爱上广州。 (=If you had come with us, )三、其它倒装形式1. 在某些表示祝愿的句子里。如：May you all be happy. 希望大家开心愉快。Long live the Peoples Repu

16、blic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！2. as引导让步状语从句。如：Child as he is, he knows several foreign languages. 尽管他是个小孩，他却懂几门外语。(注意child前无冠词)Hard as he worked, he couldnt earn enough even to support himself. 尽管他努力工作，他的收入甚至不够自己糊口。用活学活一、语法填空 1. Only when he returned home _ he realize what had happened. 因only加状语从句位于句首，主句

17、要倒装，由returned可知，用did。2. So fast _ light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 因so加副词位于句首，主句要用倒装，由can可知是一般现在时，故填does。diddoes3. She likes music and _ do I. 表示后者的情况也前者相同，即“某某也一样”。4. My teacher didnt agree with him. Nor _ I. 由前句可知是一般过去式，用助动词did。didso5. If you take part in the activity tomorrow, s

18、o _ I. 从句是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。6. _ it rain, all the crops would be saved.相当于虚拟条件句If it should rain。Shouldwill二、单句改错 1. Only then did I understood what she meant. 因为前面有助动词did，要用原形。2. You havent read the novel. Neither have she. 因为主语是she。understandhas3. So hard do he work that he has no time to spare for travelling. 由has no time可知是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，故用does。4. Was my teacher here, he would give some good advice. 虚拟条件句中，一般用were。doesWere5. Not until yesterday John change his mind. 构成部分倒装。6. Not only he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 构成部分倒装。diddid三、翻译句子 1. 这次讲座不但能丰富我们