高中英语专题 初高中英语知识衔接讲解和练习题部分练习没答案

1、PAGE PAGE 15初高中重点衔接词汇一览：初中重点语法知识回顾：第1讲句子成分第2讲 句子结构第3讲 简单句、并列句和复合句第4讲：动词的时态第5讲：宾语从句第6讲：被动语态 高一重点语法知识预习-【语法精析一】直接引语和间接引语第8讲 高一重点语法知识预习-【语法精析二】现在进行时表示将来第9讲 定语从句第10讲 词汇篇第11讲 阅读理解（一）常考体裁第12讲 阅读理解（二）中考，高考常考题型第13讲 初高中英语写作分析与练习附：初高中重点衔接词汇一览：able能够；有能力的abroad在国外；到国外absent缺席的；不在的accept接受accident事故achieve完成；达到

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17、；暴雨instead of代替；而不是(be) interested in对感兴趣look after照顾look over从上面看make friends (with)和交朋友(be) made from由制造(be) made of用制造(be) made up of组成，构成Dont mention it不客气notany more不再notat all一点也不in order to为了pay back偿还plenty of许多语法篇初中重点语法知识回顾：第一讲句子成分一：句子成分由词或词组充当, 英语的基本成分有七种主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object

18、）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)，补语（complement）。（1）. 主语 S主语 (Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。：1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 名词2.We often speak English in class. 代词3.One-third of

19、the students in this class are girls. 数词4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式5.Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词6.The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 主语从句8.It is necessary to master a foreign language。it 为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语

20、（2）. 谓语 （V）谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。（3）表语 （P）表语(Predicative)

21、用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词之后。表语从句表示。例如： 1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）8.The meeting is of gre

22、at importance.（介词短语）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, stand, 例如： He always keep silent at meeting.3）感官系动词主

23、要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 4）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如： He became mad after that.除此之外，还有prove, turn out, appear, seem等。The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success。（4）宾语 (O)宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例

24、如： 1.They visited an exhibition yesterday.名词2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 代词，动名词3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 名词，数词4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 名词化形容词，名词5.He pretended not to see me. 不定式6.I enjoy listening to popular music.

25、动名词7.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 宾语从句宾语种类：1）双宾语（间接宾语O+直接宾语O） Lend me your dictionary, please. He gave me a book yesterday. Buy sth for sb 2）复合宾语（宾语O+宾补C）构成逻辑上的主谓关系 1. They elected him their monitor. 名词2.They painted their boat white. 形容词3.Let the fresh air in. 介词4.You mustnt force him to

26、lend his money to you. 不定式5.We saw her entering the room. 动名词6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 介词短语7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 从句以上几种是句子的必要成分，不可缺少，否则句子意义就不完整。句子除了必要成分外，还可以有定语，状语，同位语和插入语。（5）定语 修饰，限制，描述或补充说明名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。1.Guilin is a beautiful city

27、.（形容词）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（

28、动名词）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. (定语从句)（6）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制，1.Light travels most quickly. 副词及副词性短语2.He has lived in the city for ten years.

29、介词短语3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. 不定式4.He sat there , reading a book 分词短语做伴随状语5.Wait a minute. 名词6.Once you begin, you must continue. 状语从句9种状语种类如下： 1. How about meeting again at six? 时间2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 原因3.I s

30、hall go there if it doesnt rain. 条件4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 地点5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 方式5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 伴随6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 目的7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果8.She wor

31、ks very hard though she is old. 让步9.I am taller than he is. 比较（7）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.We students should study hard. We all are students. （8）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe)等，如：To be frank, I dont

32、 quite agree with you.第二讲 句子结构英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。1： （主谓）2： （主系表）3： （主谓宾）4： （主谓间宾直宾）5： （主谓宾宾补）基本句型一： （不及物动词）1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意

33、思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。基本句型二： （是系动词） （表语） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 基本句型 三： （主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作

34、，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 （及物动词） （宾语）1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 5. He admits that he was mistaken. 基本句型 四： O （主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。 （及物） O（多指人） （多指物）1.She ordered herself

35、a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 （及物） （宾语） （宾补）1. They painted the door green. 2. This set them thin

36、king. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. 三：Practice makes perfect.(一) 选择句子结构a， b， c， d， e， 1. Please tell us a story._2. She smiled._3. I have a lot work to do._4. His job is to train swimmers._5. He noticed a man enter the room._6.

37、Please look at the picture._（二）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many ph

38、otos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anythi

39、ng else to say?15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.（三）翻译下列句子主谓结构 （ 主语 不及物动词 ）1你应当努力学习

40、。2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。 5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 主谓宾结构 （主语 及物动词 宾语 ）1.昨晚我写了一封信。 2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3.这本书他读过多次了。 4.他们成功地完成了计划。 5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。主系表结构 （主语 系动词表语 ）1.我的兄弟都是大学生。 2.冬季白天短，夜晚长。3.孩子们，请保持安静。 4.树叶已经变黄了。 5.这个报告听起来很有意思。双宾语结构 （主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 ）1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3.

41、 Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。 5. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？复合宾语结构 （主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 ）1.我们叫她Alice. 2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3.我们要使学校变得更美丽。 4.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 5.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 There be 句型1今晚没有会。2.这个村子过去只有一口井。 3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师 4.灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 5.恰好那时房里没人。 PAGE 23第三讲 简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。（一）句子种类两种分类法1

42、、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。如：He often read

43、s English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.（画线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。）改错：It not only costs little money but also comfortable.答案与解析：第一个谓语是实义动词，第二个是系表结构，应带be，因此要在also前加is。考点2 一、并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构

44、成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的并列句改错：He likes English, his English is very . His wife was ill, he had to stay at . 当一个句子中含有两个简单句时，就要考虑两个简单句的连接问题了。直接用逗号连接两个简单句是错误的。这时我们可以用and, but, or等并列连词来连接这两个句子；也可以用分号（;）来连接。此时，这两个简单句（此时也可称作分句）之间是并列关系，不

45、能说一个分句作了另一个分句的什么成分。用并列连词或分号连接起来的句子是并列句。上两句可以改为：He likes English；his English is very . (用分号连接)He likes English, so/and his English is very .His wife was ill; he had to stay at . (用分号连接)His wife was ill, so/and he had to stay at .二、并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. T

46、he teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting

47、.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.考点3 复合句用从属连词连接的句子是复合句。还先看上面的两个错句：He likes English, his English is very . His wife was ill, he had to stay at . 我们还可以用从属连词来连接。这两句话可改为：Because he likes English, his Englis

48、h is very .When he likes English, his English is very good.Because his wife was ill, he had to stay at .When his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.先看第一个句子。当用because连接时，译为“因为他喜欢英语，（所以）他的英语非常好”。主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的原因。因此：“his English is very good”是主句，“because he likes English” 是原因状语从句。QQ3299

49、50885当用when连接时，译为“当他喜欢英语时，他的英语非常好”。 主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的时间。因此，“his English is very good”是主句，“when he likes English” 是时间状语从句。同理，句修改后，前面分别为原因状语从句和时间状语从句，后面是主句。像上面这样，用从属连词连接两个简单句之后，一个句子是主要的（主句），另外一个句子（从句）是说明主要句子发生的时间、原因、条件等，这样构成的句子称为复合句。当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。从词或词组升级后的句子是从句，除从句以外的是主句，整

50、个句子是复合句。The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。）The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.（当over there变为 who is wearing a hat时，句子就含有两个主谓结构，一个是The boy is my brother，是主句；who is wearing a hat是the boy的定语，称为定语从句。who既作从句成分，又起着从属连词的作用。）I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。）I was doing

51、my homework when he came in.（I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语，是时间状语从句。因此本句是复合句，when是从属连词。）It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。）What he said is wrong.（what he said，是一个主谓结构。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构，What he said作主语， is wrong系表结构作谓语，因此，本句是复合句。What he said是主语从句；what既作从句

52、成分又起着从属连词的作用）从上面这几个句子，我们可以看出：一个句子如果含有从句，如名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等，这个句子就是复合句。判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.There is a chair in this room, isnt there?My brother and I go to school at half past seven in

53、 the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

54、Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm.第四讲：动词的时态 一般现在时一般现在时通常用动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数（he, she, it, Tom）时需要在在动词原形后面加-e或-es.如：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般动词在词尾加-s,在清辅音后读/s/,在元音和浊辅音后读/z/,在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/.help, like, swim, listen, know, play, get, fin

55、d.helps, likes, swims, listens, knows, plays, gets, finds以字母s,x, ch,sh结尾的动词加-es,读/ /, 如果动词原形词尾已有-e，则加-s.以o结尾的动词也加-es.teach, go, watch,teaches, goes, watches以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读/z/.study,studies一般现在时的基本用法1.表示主语现在的特征和状态，通常不用时间状语。He is twelve, she is at home. She likes bread.2. 表示经常发生、反复发生的动作。这种

56、用法中与always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never, once a week等频度副词连用。She often goes to the movies on weekends.-When is your birthday?-My birthday is January 15th.3.表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从东方升起。The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.4.一般现在表示将来时。. 表示

57、按时间表拟定的或安排好，到时就发生的事情或动作。The train arrives at 10:30. There is plenty of time.火车十点三十分到达，还有充足的时间。She comes back next week.她下周会回来。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中。I will discuss this with you when we meet next time.下次见面时咱们再讨论。If he arrives, please give me a phone call.现在进行时构成：be(am, is are)+现在分词。现在进行时的基本用法(1).表示说话时正在进行的

58、动作，常与now, at the moment等连用。有时句首有look, listen等。What are doing?I am watching TV.(2).表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。We are working on a farm these days.I am writing a book this month.(3).现在进行时可以表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，尤其是一些表示位置移动的词，如come, go, leave, start, arrive.等句中往往有表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, nex

59、t week等-What are you doing for vacation?-I am babysitting my sister.-When are they going?-Theyre going next week.一般将来时(1).助动词will/shall+动词原形表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常常带有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next week, in two days, in the future, from now on等We will come to see you next week.Do you think

60、 there will be robots in peoples home?表示事情的必然性。It will be Tuesday tomorrow.I will 18 years old next year.(2).be going to+动词原形表示按计划、安排，打算要做的事情，或者有迹象表明将要发生的事情。I am going to check my e-mail this evening.It is going to rain.(3).be to do结构表示将来这种结构表示计划中约定的活按职责、义务、要求必须做的事情或即将发生的动作。My dream is to be a great