分词的运用vingved-完整版PPT

1、现在分词和过去分词 现在分词和过去分词的用法历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两种分词的用法和区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是： 过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动； 现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。 这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。主动语态被动语态现在分词一般式 doing being done 完成式having donehaving been done 过去分词done比较下面的句子: 1. The sleeping boy is Tom. The broken cup is Toms.一. 分词作定语:进行,

2、主动:被动,完成 The boy is sleeping.The cup is broken.现在分词过去分词2. Last night he told us an interesting story. The boy interested in stories is Tom .The story is interesting .Tom is interested in stories. an exciting story an excited expressiona disappointing resulta disappointed looka frightening doga frigh

3、tened dog 一个令人兴奋的故事 一副兴奋的表情 一副失望的表情 一个令人失望的结果 一只令人害怕的 狗 一只受了惊吓的狗 现在分词 表:特点,过去分词 表:感受. 3. the risen sun the sun which has risen the rising sun the sun which is rising the fallen leaves the leaves which have fallen on the ground the falling leaves the leaves which are falling the boiling water the wat

4、er which is boiling the boiled water the water which has boiled现在分词 表进行; 过去分词 表完成.4.The lab being built now will be a science lab. =The lab which is being built will be a science lab. The lab built last year is a science lab. =The lab which was built last year is a science lab. finished yesterday现在分

5、词被动式:表进行,被动过去分词:表被动,完成.5. The lab having been finished yesterday is a science lab.现在分词的完成时不能作定语.如果要表被动和进行,应该用现在分词的被动式. 与中心词的位置关系与中心词的逻辑关系时间概念现在分词或前或后多有主谓关系/性质、特征表示进行过去分词或前或后vi.主谓/vt.有动宾关系/状态多表完成/状态总结:现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词完成式不能作定语.现在分词的被动式 表进行与被动比较下面的句子:1. The film is interesting. We are interested in

6、 the film.2. The problem is puzzling. The problem is so difficult .We are puzzled. 注:1. 当指人,物的特征,属性时,用现在分词. 2.当指人,物受到外界的影响而引起的心理活动.常用过去分词. 类似的词有: 现在分词: exciting , moving , puzzling ,frightening , horrifying ,freezing ,worrying 过去分词: excited , moved , puzzled , frightened , frozen, worried 二. 分词作表语对句

7、子主语表述的特点时间概念词性现 分表示其性质、特征表当时形容词过 分表示其所处的状态表当时形容词1.This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please3. -How did the audience receive the new

8、play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting A C B4.What surprised me most was that there appeared a _ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.A. worrying B. worried C. worry D. worries5.The _ look in her face suggested that she _ it before.A. surprising; wouldnt

9、 knowB. surprised; hadnt knownC. surprising; hadnt knownD. surprised; shouldnt knowB B比较下面的句子:The police caught him _(steal) from the shop.2. We found the chair_ (break). He left the food untouched .三.分词作宾语补足语主动,进行被动,完成注意现在分词和过去分词的选择:看与宾语之间的主，被动关系和动作完成情况主动,结果注: I found him cry in the classroom.主动，进行

10、：被动，完成：主动，完成：被动，进行： ？用 being done(现在分词的被动式)用 ving 形式用 ved 形式用 省略to 的动词不定式1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 简析: 首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系, 而且, lie 这个动作是found当时正在进行的动作。2. -Good morning. Can I help you?

11、 -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析: 首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the package; 再根据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说, 只能是被动关系。AD3.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. mov

12、es D. to move 简析: 该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。 4. When I put my hand on his chest ,I could feel his heart still_. A. having beat B. beating C. beaten D. to beat 5. The boy was scolded because he was caught _ apples from the neighbours tree. A. picked B. having picked C. pick D. picking 6. The _b

13、oy was last seen _ near the East Lake. missing; playing B. missing ;play C. missed ; played D. missed ; to play7.During the holidays , the drivers were seen _ their buses _ all day long. A. have; running B. to have ; running C. to have ;to run D. have; run B D A B 8.-why did you go back to the shop?

14、 -I left my friend _ there. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits 9. Prices of daily goods_ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A.are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 10. He looked around and caught a man _his hand into pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to pu

15、t D. putting A B D 1. The players watched their national flag _ A. raising B. being raised C. raised D. being risen 2. He noticed himself_. A. being followed B. followed C. to follow B. to be followed 3.He must be angry , for we heard the glass _on the floor. A. being broken B. break C. broken D. to

16、 be broken 注: 要注意当宾补与宾语的关系是既表动宾 (被动),又表进行时的用法.B AA警察当场抓住他从商场偷东西. The police caught him_ from the shop.他被当场抓住从商场偷东西. He was caught _ from the shop.我发现她在教室里哭了. I found her _ in the classroom.她被发现在教室里哭了. She was found _ in the classroom.stealingstealingcryto cry主动;进行主动;进行主动;完成主动; 完成他没有动这食物.He left the

17、food _.我听到这首歌正在被唱.I heard the song _ .这首歌被听到正在唱.The song was heard_.这首歌被听到唱过.The song was heard _.untouched被动; being sungbeing sungto be sung被动; 进行 被动; 进行被动; 将来feelhear; listen tohave; let; makewatch; see; notice; observefind; catch +objdo sth主动; 完成doing sth正在进行done被动;完成get + obj.+ to do sth. doing

18、sth. done1. Standing on the top of the mountain, we can see the whole city.2. Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost.3. Not having received any answer, he decided to write her another letter.4. Knowing all of this, they asked him to write down what happened.5. The accident happened, killing

19、 three people.时间，主谓条件；主谓原因，先时性；主谓让步；主谓结果；主谓四.分词作状语1. Standing on the top of the mountain, we can see the whole city.When we stand on the top of the mountain, we2. Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost.If they worked this way, they3. Not having received any answer, he decided to write her a

20、nother letter.Because he didnt receive any answer, he4. Knowing all of this, they asked him to write down what happened.Although they knew all of this, they asked him1. Not educated well, he was difficult in solving such a complicated problem.2. Once discovered, the mistakes must be corrected.3. Com

21、pared with you, we still have a long way to go.4. Faced with a lot of difficulties, he continued the plan.动宾；原因动宾；时间动宾；条件动宾；让步1. Not educated well, he was difficult in solving such a complicated problem.Because he wasnt educated well, he was2. Once discovered, the mistakes must be corrected.When the

22、 mistakes are discovered, they must 3. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.If we are compared with you, we still4. Faced with a lot of difficulties, he continued the plan.Although he was faced with a lot of difficulties, he continued 共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该

23、分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。 1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；再根据 European football 对于 make 来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成为一项

24、最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选A。2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析：该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A

25、. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析：该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。 4. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 简析：该题应选A。测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。若B 答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。(Having been) bitten by the

26、dog, the boy cried.(Being) bitten by the dog, the boy cried.Bitten by the dog, the boy cried.被问了一个问题, 我才说话的.(Having been) asked a question, I began to talk.(Being) asked a question, I began to talk.Asked a question, I began to talk.Because/After/When I was asked a question, I began to talk. Being il

27、l, I didnt go to school. Being tired, he fall asleep quickly. Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. I saw the bike being repaired. I saw the bike repaired. Her shirt being caught on a nail, she could not move at all.Exhausted and tired, we went home.Happy and excited, I receiv

28、e his present.we went home, Exhausted and tired.I receive his present, Happy and excited.进行完成我们赶到车站, 却发现火车开走了. we got to the station only to find the train has gone.暴风雨来了,造成城镇一片废虚.The storm came, causing the town in ruins.The young man hurried to the restaurant, only _ the singer had left. A to tell B to be told C telling D toldB听到这消息时,他们都高兴地跳了起来.Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.由于艰苦的工作而劳累不堪,他很快就入睡了.Exhausted by hard work, he soon fell asleep.从山上看,这座城市非常漂亮.Seen from the hill, the town looks very beautiful.虽然出生在一个富裕的家庭,但他还是过着简朴的生活.Born in