时态语态最新课件

1、2015届高考语法复习系列一动词时态和语态 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年语法和词汇知识试题和短文改错试题必有时态语态习题。 命题思路有三种：一、是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择；二、是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生 不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断；三、是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。 在历年有关时态语态的考题中，共涉及了十种基本时态和八种被动语态考点，其中以完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和进行时考得最多。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，时态通过be动词表现出来。知识梳理一、命题特点

2、陕西高考命题中往往不会涉及太多时态干扰。 考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。 还要注意的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。知识梳理二、应考策略时态时间状语一般现在时every , sometimes,at, on Sunday等一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等一般将来时next, tomorrow,

3、 in+一段时间, before+时间点等现在完成时for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently等过去完成时before, by+过去的时间, until, when, after, once等过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten yesterday evening when, while等将来进行时soon, tomorro

4、w, this evening, on Sunday, this time tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening一.一般现在时态：1.一般用法:1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用. 时间状语: every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。 e.g. He often goes to the cinema.2表示现在的状态、能力、特征、职业等 , e.g. He sings well.（能力）3表示客观真理、科学事实 、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实 , e.g. Knowledge is power. （

5、客观真理）二.一般过去时态（did式）:1.基本用法:1表示过去某一时刻发生的动作或存在的状态:时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等 He bought the computer five years ago.2) 表示过去某一段时间经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. We often played together when we were children. （可与for+时间段连用）注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would, used to, e.g. He used to go to work by

6、 bus.2.特别用法: 过去时还表示说话人过去没有料想到的事情:1) Im sorry I didnt know you were ill, are you OK now?2) 情态动词 could, would 表示委婉语气。 e.g： Could you lend me your bike? 能借用一下你的自行车吗？2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。主语的意图，即将做某事。 e.g. What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 e.g. The play is going to be produce

7、d next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。 e.g. Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事; 命中注定的事; 命令。 e.g. We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4. be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 e.g. He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不

8、能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。5. be due to与时间表,旅行计划等有关。 e.g. The train is due to leave at 7:00. 四、将来进行时will/shallbe v-ing表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如： This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. 明天这个时候我将在飞往广州的途中。 What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? 明天上午八点钟你将做什么? I hope you won

9、t be feeling too tired. 我希望你不要太累。 Well be watching television all evening. 我们整个晚上都将看电视。（3）将来进行时常用的时间状语:soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。 By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.二、基本形式： wouldshould动词原形（其中 would 用于各种人称， should 常用于第一

10、人称）。例如： They were sure they would win the final victory他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。 He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there他没想到我们都在那里。 上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语 would win 和 should（would）be 分别与其主句谓语 were sure 和 didnt expect 相对应。三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式： 1wasweregoing to动词原形 He said he was going to try 他说他准备试试。 2waswereto动词原形

11、 They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day 他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。 3waswere about动词原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain 我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。 4过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如 go，come， leave，start， open，begin 等）也可用于表示将来。 I didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他们什么时候再来。 六.现在完成时（have/hasp

12、.p.）1.基本用法:1影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果, e.g. He has left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市） Someone has broken the window.（结果: 窗户仍破着）2持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束, 可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。 I havent seen her these days. She

13、has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。 （3）现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，用现在完成时代替将来完成时态例如： Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If i

14、t has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park.（4） have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。 试比较： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在这儿） He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。 （人已走，不在

15、这儿）。2.用现在完成时的典型场合:1“since过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”主句中用现在完成时,e.g. I havent seen her since last week. Where have you been since I last saw you?2句中有so far/in （for/during）the past （last）years（months ）/up to now/until now e.g.So far there has been no news.3“It/This/That is the first （second/third）t

16、imethat从句”或“It/This/That is the onlythat从句”或“It/This/That is the 最高级 that从句” e.g.It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang.It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.（注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态

17、相应改为过去完成时态）3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:1)现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时

18、间状语。共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等七.现在完成进行时（have/has been v-ing）1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能刚刚停止,e.g. It has been raining since two days ago.-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes, thats why I _ to work by train.have been goinghave gone

19、was going towill have gone怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。 现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较： （2）现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：They have been widening the road（a）They have widened the road（b）（a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，

20、但尚未完工。（b）句的意思则是已完工了。 八.过去完成时（had p.p.）1.表示过去的过去 时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once e.g.I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。2.want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.I had meant to come, b

21、ut something happened.（ I meant to have come, but something happened. ）I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didnt permit. （ I intended to have spoken at the meeting, but time didnt permit. ）3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:1“It/This/That was the first （second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/That was the onlyt

22、hat从句”或“It/This/That was the 最高级 that从句”2by（ the end of ) / by the time 过去时间, e.g. We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term. By the time he came back, we had repaired the machine.3no sooner than ; hardly /scarcely when No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his c

23、lassmates. Hardly had he heard the news when he cried.九.现在进行时（ bev-ing ）:1. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。e.g. Were having a meeting. （说话时正在进行的动作）2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 He is teaching in a school. （目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）3. 现在进行时表示将来, 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g. Im leaving tomorrow.4.现在进行时与always/forever/c

24、onstantly /continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g.Shes always helping others.5.动词be的现在进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g.She is foolish.（生性如此）She is being foolish.（一时的表现）能这样用的形容词多为angry, careful, clever, stupid, kind, brave, friendly, rude, polite等动态形容词。拓展：表示动作的持续性、未完性、渐变性、暂时性。Have you moved into the new house?_

25、Not yet. The rooms are being painted._你搬进新房了吗？还没呢。房子还正刷漆了。（未完性）I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.（暂时性） Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.不用进行时的动词 1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, o

26、we, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。2）表示心理状态,情感的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如： I nee

27、d your help. 我需要你的帮助。 He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如： I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, 等。例如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。十.过去进行时（was/were v-ing ）1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动

28、作, He was playing while I was studying.-Hey, look where you are going!-Oh, Im terribly sorry._.A. Im not noticingB. I wasnt noticingC. I havent noticeD. I dont notice典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服

29、时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。 十一 .将来完成时（will/shallhave p

30、.p.）了解1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作,e.g. When we get there, shell have gone to work.2.by（ the end of ）将来时间, e.g. We will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term. By the time he comes back, we will have repaired the machine.3.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g. Ill go with you when I have finis

31、hed my work.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。语态被动语态的构成方式：be/ get + 过去分词注意1. 主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day long(by the boss)2. 短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Your pronunciation should be paid attention to.3. 当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、rep

32、ort等时，被动语态有两种形式:（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用从句来表示。如：He is said to be a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy.不用被动语态的情况 1. 不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态。 例如：（错） The price has been risen.（对） The price has risen.（错） The price has raised.（对） The price has been raised.（错） Please seat.（对） Pleas

33、e be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。2. 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如： It sounds good. 听上去不错。 主动形式表示被动意义 1.表示主语特征、状态的动词wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： The

34、book sells well.这本书销路好。2.be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。例如： I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生 了，我该受指责。3.在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后 例如： The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。4. 在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 This kind of water isnt

35、 fit to drink. The girl isnt easy to get along with.5. 用来做定语和被修饰的名词有动宾关系，又和另一名词或代词有主谓关系的动词不定式。 I have something to tell you.1.Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People_to ask how I am going to spend the money.phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning2.-Im sorry,

36、but you are fined $50! You know you_ 120 km an hour, dont you ?A. are driving B. were driving C. have driven D. had drivenDB3. They_ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _on it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working, are still working B. had worked

37、, were still workingC. have been working, have workedD. have worked, are still working A4. -You are drinking too much . -Only at home . No one _ me but you .is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw5. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power_increased enormously ever since. A. is B. w

38、as C. has been D. had been6.Who is Jerry Cooper? -_ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yetC. Didnt you meet him yet D. Havent you met him yetcCD7. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leav

39、es C. will have left D. left8. The crazy fans_patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait9. -I hear Janes has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. -Oh, how nice！Do you know when she_ ? A. was leaving B.

40、 had left C. has left D. left CBD10. I dont know if he _.If he _, Ill let you know. A. will come; will come B. comes ; comes C.will come ; comes D. comes ; will come11. -Kate has come back home from her long holidays abroad.-Oh, really ?I_ . _ visit her.A.didnt know; Ill go and B.dont know; Ill go a

41、nd C.dont know ; I,m going to D.didnt know; I m going toCA12.I really dont think ketty will mind it,but youd better go and see her in case she _. A.does B.do C.will mind D. has minded13.-How are the team playing? -They are playing well ,but one of them _hurt. A. got B.gets C.are D.were 14.Dont distu

42、rb her. She _ letters all the morning and has finished eight. A. was writing B. has written C. has been writing D. wroteAAC15.In my opinion, all Mr. White _ good to his students in his class at present. He is very strict in their study.A. does does does B. does do doC. does does do D. did do does16.

43、 They intend to go on with the experiment until 10 oclock tomorrow morning, and by then they _ for 22 hours. A. are working B. have been working C. will be working D. will have been working 17. Be careful! Dont get the orange juice on your shirt, for it _. A. isnt washing out B. wont be washed out C

44、. Isnt washed out D. wont wash outCDD18.The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels 19.Oh, where is my wallet ? Maybe I left it in the car. -You _ things behind! A. are always leaving B. were leaving C. have left D. always leave 20.My br

45、other _ home for two years and we havent heard from him ever since he _. A. has left ; left B. has been away; was away C. has been away from; left D. left; was away CAC22 My former English teacher, who_ in our school for over 20 years, now lives in his hometown.A. has worked B. worked C. had worked

46、D. works23.The notice _ “No smoking”.A. is toldB. readsC. tellsD. is read24. -You look tired. - Yes. I _ non-stop until 8 oclock. A. had worked B. had been working C. have worked D. was working BBD25.Youd better not call Mr. Green between 7 and 8 this evening , for he _ an important talk then.will h

47、ave B. would have C. will be having D. will have had C08高考：动词时态、语态01、(08全国卷I 27) Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time ? Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society.A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined02、(08全国卷I 29) The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive.A. is e

48、xpected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected03、(08全国卷II 11) If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day.A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is rainingDAA04、(08全国卷II 14) If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. h

49、ave been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing05、(08北京卷 21) John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he has not smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would.06、(08北京卷 22) Have you read book called Waiting for Anya? Who _ it? A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had writt

50、en07、(08北京卷 27) The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ in many worse hotels. A .was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayedADCD08、(08北京卷 29) No decision _about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been mad

51、e09、(08上海春卷 29) Population experts predict that most people _ in cities in the near future live B. would live C. will live D. have lived10、(08上海春卷 31) Officials say that few patients _with the virus owing to the effective prevention infected B. are infected C. have infected D. be infectedACB11、(08上海

52、卷28) -Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? - Terry? Never! She_ tents and fresh air! A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates 12、(08上海卷32) In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run13、(08天津卷 14)He _ fo

53、otball regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had playedDBB14、(08重庆卷 23)Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year. A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet15、(08重庆卷 31) He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country

54、 in the Olympics. A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded16、(08重庆卷 35) Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damageBBB17、(08辽宁卷 23)We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we

55、_ each other for years.A. knew B. have known C. had knownD. know18、(08辽宁卷 29)Have you got any job offers?No. I _.A. waited B. had been waitingC. have waited D. am waiting19、(08山东卷 25)By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walks B. walked C. has walkedD. h