Unit8AGreenWorld知识点梳理-牛津译林版八年级英语下册

1、8B U8 A Green WorldAre you serious?serious形容词，意为“认真的，严肃的”。在句中作定语或表语。I want to have a serious talk with you.The old man looks very serious.【拓展】be serious about sb. / sth.对某人/某事是认真的You should be serious about your work.be serious about doing sth.对做某事当真Is he serious about wanting to be a doctor?serious

2、ly副词，意为“认真地，严肃地，严重地”。那个女孩病情严重。我们必须马上送她去医院。The girl is seriously ill. We must send her to hospital at once.We can save energy by turning off the lights when we leave a room.（1）句中的save用作及物动词，意为“节约”。Please save water every day.【拓展】save其他含义：save用作及物动词，还可意为“储蓄，储存杰克为了买电脑存了很多钱。Jack saves a lot of money to

3、buy a computer.save用作及物动词，还可意为“救，救助，save ones life意为“挽救某人的生命”。那位著名的医生救了那个男孩的命。The famous doctor saved the boys life.turn off意为“关上（电器等）”。反义短语为turn on翻开（电器等）Please turn off/on the radio.【拓展】turn off与turn on都是“动词+副词”结构的短语，当此类短语动词接名词作宾语时，名 词置于短语动词后面或动词与副词之间都可以；假设接代词作宾语时，代词必须置于动词与副 词之间且要用宾格形式。如：Turn on t

4、he computer. = Turn the computer on.Turn them off, please.turn up （把音量）调大，调高turn down （把音量）调小，调低take turns轮流turn into变成；使变成turn around 转过身【辨析】turn off与closeturn off关上（电灯、自来水、煤气、无线电等）反义短语为turn onclose（把门、窗、箱子、盒子等）关上反义词为openWhat should we do to live a green life, class?短语：livea.life意为“过着（样）的生活My grand

5、parents lived a poor life in the past.The children are now living a comfortable life.this causes serious air pollution.句子中的cause用作及物动词，意为“导致；造成、其后可直接用造成的结果或发生的事情 作宾语，也可接双宾语。Does smoking cause cancer?他给父母惹了很多麻烦。He caused his parents a lot of trouble. = He caused a lot of trouble for his parents.【拓展】c

6、ause用作及物动词，还可意为“使，迫使”，其后通常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。Who caused her to cry?The good news caused her to be happy.cause用作可数名词，意为“原因；起因酒后驾车是交通事故最常见的起因之一。Driving after drinking is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.cause用作不可数名词，意为“理由；缘故”。饭菜好极了，我没有理由抱怨。The food was excellentI had no cause for complaint

7、.In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.(1)句中的separate用作及物动词，意为“分开，隔开；separate. .into意为“把分成”，其被动形式为be separated into,意为“被分成”。Lets separate them into six groups.【拓展】separatefrom意为”把和分开；把与别离Please separate the white shirts from the bl

8、ack ones.recycle及物动词，意为“回收利用，循环利用“。我们应该尽力把所有废纸回收再利用。We should try to recycle all our waste paper.注意：recycle的名词形式是recycling,意为“回收利用，循环利用如：我们将所有的塑料回收利用。We take all our plastic for recycling.Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for

9、recycling.some., some., and others意为一些，一些，还有一些公园里有很多人，一些人在散步，一些人在谈话，还有一些人在阅读。There are many people in the park. Some are walking, some are talking, and others are reading.For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished.allow及物动词，意为“允许，准许: 常用于以下结构中：allow sb. to do st

10、h.允许某人做某事；allow sb. not to do sth.允许某人不做某事The teacher allowed him to go into the classroom.allow doing sth.允许做某事We dont allow smoking in public.be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事Youre not allowed to eat anything in the library.cut down意为“砍倒(树木)去年路边的许多大树被砍倒了。Many big trees along the road were cut down last

11、year.【拓展】cut down还可意为“缩减,减少”。你必须把文章缩减到200词左右。You have to cut down your article to about 200 words.otherwise副词，意为“否那么；不然”，相当于or (否那么)或if not.Well go earlier. Otherwise, we may not catch the early bus.We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.depend on意为“依

12、靠；取决于；视而定Z其后跟名词、代词或从句。万物生长靠太阳。All living things depend on the sun for their growth.你的将来取决于你现在的行动。Your future will depend on your current action.wisely副词，意为“明智地，充满智慧地:其形容词形式为wise,意为“明智的，充满 智慧的”。You should spend your free time wisely.She made a wise decision at last.These new types of energy cost very

13、 little and will never run out.短语：run out意为“用完；耗尽”。Our food ran out soon.【辨析】run out与run out of这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。run out其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等 无生命的名词，后面不能跟宾语Water will run out some day if we dont save it.run out of表示主动含义，主语一般为人，后 面必须跟宾语，意为“把.用完”Peter ran out of his money yesterday.Remember that everyone

14、 can do something to make a difference!difference可数名词，意为“差异，差异，其形容词形式为different,意为“不同的；有 差异的。短语：be different from意为“与不同”，其副词形式为differently.My pen is different from yours.make a difference (to sb. / sth.)意为“(对某人/某事)有影响,起作用Does the bad news make a difference to your work?treat something used so that i

15、t can be used againused此处为形容词,意为“用过的;二手的“。I want to buy a used car at a cheap price.(2)so that意为“以便，为了“，常引导目的状语从句，该从句的谓语动词常和can, may, should 等情态动词连用。我父亲想给我买一辆自行车以便我能够很快到达学校。My father wants to buy me a bicycle so that I can get to school quickly.【拓展】sothat意为”如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句。I am so tired that I cant

16、walk any further.What do they do to keep their country clean?-keep + sth. / sb. +形容词”意为“使某物/某人处于某种状态”，形容词作宾语补足语。Coats can keep you warm.【拓展】keep用作连系动词，意为“保持。后接形容词作表语。We must keep healthy.keep作实意动词时，意为“保持，继续”。She kept talking for two hours.That sounds like a good idea.sound like意为“听起来像、后可接名词、代词或从句作宾语

17、。阳光公园听起来像个不错的地方。Sunshine Park sounds like a great place.听起来好像你正玩得高兴.You sound like you are having a good time.【拓展】在英语中，类似sound这样的感官动词，如look, feel, smell, taste等词后均可接介 词like,然后再接宾语。The boy looks like a student.As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution.短语：as well as意为“也，还有，而且“。He has got a ca

18、r as well as a motorbike.【拓展】as well as用来表示同级比拟,意为“和一样好Tom plays the piano as well as you.注意：as well as连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词采用就远原那么。The teacher, as well as the students, has a good time at the party.AH of us will have a chance to think about the world around us.have a chance to do sth. = have a chance

19、of doing sth.意为“有机会做某事I had a chance to Beijing last year.think about意为“考虑；思考 其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。I will think about it.Use both sides of the paper句中的both用作形容词，意为“两个都。后可直接跟复数名词。Both girls are from England.Recycle empty bottles句中的empty用作形容词，意为“空的”，其反义词为full,用作及物动词时意为“把倒空工 The buses are almost empty.Here

20、are the results of the survey.Here are.表示“这儿有 ；这儿是 ”；此句是一个倒装句,here在此作表语。其中here 后的be动词的单复数形式要根据be后名词的单复数确定;假设是可数名词单数或不可数名词, be动词用is；假设是可数名词复数，be动词用are.此用法类似于there be句型。Here is a letter for you.【拓展】如果主语是代词，句子不用倒装语序。Here he conies.如果主语是名词，那么句子要用完全倒装语序。Here comes the bus.but few students take their own

21、bags to the supermarket.few在此为形容词，意为“很少的；几乎没有的。常修饰可数名词复数。Im new in the city, so I have few friends here.【辨析】few, a few, little 与 a little意义/功能修饰可数名词复数修饰不可数名词表示否认（几乎没有）fewlittle表示肯定（有些，有几个）a fewa littleThere are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.There are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn

22、t buy any.Theres little rice in the bowl.I can only speak a little French.Air pollution is harmful to our health.harmful形容词,意为“有害的”,它的反义词是harmless,意为“无害的”。I think this kind of plastic is harmful.be harmful to 意为“对有害”，相当于 do harm to.Smoking is harmful to your health. = Smoking does harm to your healt

23、h.Trees also help keep soil in place during storms.短语：in place此处意为“在正确位置”。She is used to putting everything in place.【拓展】in the place在那个地方我回来的时候，他还站在那个地方。When I came back, he was still standing in the place.in ones place = in place of 代替杰克生病了，所以我代替他去开会。Jack was ill, so I went to have the meeting in

24、his place/in place of him.take the place of 代替He used the fork to take the place of chopsticks.Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.not only.but (also)意为不但.而且。其中also可省略，可连接句子的主语、谓 语、宾语、表语等成分，它连接主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。He can play not only the piano but also the violin.Not only I but also Tom enjoys watching TV.She was not only a writer but also an actress.【拓展】not only后接句子放在句首表示强调时，not only所在的句子要用倒装语序。太阳不仅给我们光，还给我们热。Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.They will be formed over thousands or even millions of