构建读写结合新常态,积极应对新高考写作-概要写作初探

1、构建读写结合新常态，积极应对新高考写作概要写作初探黄岩中学 杨谢友一、概要写作简述1. 概念与考查能力2. 考查内容与要求3. 写作现状简析4. 根本步骤与技巧二、备考设想1. 分阶段指导，力求循序渐进2. 注重语篇教学，读后概要写作3. 拓宽写作途径，构建读写新常态1. 概念与考查能力A summary is a short statement that gives only the main points of sth, not the details. ?牛津高阶英汉双解词典? 摘要是一种对原始文献或文章的根本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文. 考查能力: 阅读理解能力, 分析判断能力，概括

2、能力，表达能力?考试说明?中对阅读理解要求的描述：1理解主旨和要义 任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么即文章的主题，亦会理解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义那么需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考察考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。5理解文章的根本结构 英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括 文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作 用是交待该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这一

3、主题。各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑。6理解作者的意图、观点和态度 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来的，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的根底上，去领会作者的言外之意。2. 考查内容与要求?考试说明?题型2：概要写作。提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求学生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容摘要。阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：1对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；2

4、应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；3上下文的连贯性；4对各要点表达的独立性情况。评分原那么1. 此题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2. 评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3. 词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。4. 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑： 1对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；2应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；3上下文的连贯性；4对各要点表达的独立性情况。5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的程度予以考虑。6. 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。第五档21-25分要求理解准

5、确，涵盖全部要点;能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇;有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑;完全使用自己的语言。3. 写作现状简析典型问题内容上：要点遗漏或主观添加；概括不到位语言上：不够简洁; 根本错误多结构上：缺乏连贯；改变结构Step 1. Determine the type of writing and identify the topic as well as the authors purposeStep 2. Divide the passage & summarize the main idea of each partStep 3. Highlight the

6、key information of each partStep 4. Make an outline of the passage Step 5. Write the first draftStep 6. Revise the summary4.根本步骤与技巧 提炼内容 整合 删除细节删除具体例子引用一两个说明问题即可防止重复 同义转换: 近义词、同义词等替换语言 句子重构: 调整词类、时态、语态等 逻辑：衔接照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接 技巧Common transitional wordsTime-Sequencefirst, later, next, then, finallyEx

7、amplefor example, for instance, such asListingfirst, second, last, another, nextContinuationalso, in addition, and, further, besidesContrastbut, however, on the other hand, yet, in contrast, nevertheless, otherwiseComparisonsimilarly, likewise, also, likeCause-Effectbecause, thus, therefore, since,

8、hence, consequently,Condition - resultif then; if therefore二、备考设想1.分阶段指导，力求循序渐进M1U4: Writing a summary of a passage means looking for the main idea of each part and putting it down in a sentence. Look at each paragraph of the reading passage and write down its main idea. Para.1: Before the earthquak

9、e strange things began to happen but no one paid attention to them.Para.2: The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan.Para. 3: The people were very shocked at the destruction.Para. 4: The army came to help the survivors, bringing hope for a new life.Summary:_ lawyer guidance legal hopeful vote at

10、tack fight violence equal blow up out of work as a matter of fact reach a stage where According to these key words, write a summary about Elias Story: _M1U5: Elias StoryM4U3: A master of non-verbal humorWhy people needed cheering upWhat Charlies childhood was likeWhat his most famous character was l

11、ikeAn example of a sad situation that he made funnyHis achievementsIn Britain and America people were feeling miserable because of the bad economic situation. Charlie understood their problems. His character “the little tramp was poor and homeless, but everybody loved him for his kind heart and the

12、way he dealt with his difficult situation. Charlie Chaplin made people laugh at some of these terrible situations like being without food or money. He wrote and directed his own films and received an Oscar for his outstanding work. (76 words) 2. 注重语篇教学，读后进行概要写作1把握文本体裁结构，培养学生语篇意识 注重培养学生在阅读过程中整体把握文本大意

13、并探索语篇结构及其意义的意识与能力，帮助学生在大脑里建立起阅读文本体裁的形式图式。 篇章类型：说明类 (Exposition)议论类 (Argumentation)叙事类 (Narration)描写类 (Description)Style of writing： Exposition problem-solutionMain idea: Chemical fertilizers can cause many problems, so organic farming is becoming more popular.Write a summary of this passage followin

14、g the procedures.Step 1: Skim the passage to find its main idea. Write it down in your own words.Step 2: Find and underline the topic sentence of each paragraph. Rewrite each topic sentence, using your own words. Do not copy from the passage!Step 3: Write your summary. First state the main idea of t

15、he passage and then the topics covered by each paragraph. Remember, use your own words!Step 4: Swap summaries with your partners and give each other comments. Check your partners summary for the main idea and topic sentences.Para.1: In recent days, scientists have discovered that using chemical fert

16、ilizers for a long time can hurt the land and also peoples health.Para.2: There are several problems caused by chemical fertilizers.Para.3: Organic farming is becoming more popular with some farmers and many customers after these discoveries came out.Para.4: There are many organic farming methods fo

17、r making the land healthy and productive. Summary: _2围绕各类文体，开展过程性写作训练议论文：主题概括Authors opinion (Topic sentence): Supporting reasons (Supporting sentences):1.2.3.Conclusion The article gives the view thatshould/shouldnt主题.补充论据.The passage highlights the importance of.The author argues that说明文：段意合并现象类：

18、Problem + reason (reason1, reason2.)+ solution (step1, 2, 3)介绍说明类: description + features (feature1, feature2.) 记叙文：要素串联Wh: 1. Who2. When 3. Where4. What happened?5. How6. The lesson夹叙夹议的文章需要参加教益或教训点明写作目的The writer tells us主题by showing us an example of, who/which故事情节.作者经历类In the passage, the writer

19、mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, which他人经历类This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth写读书/读报摘要运用新概念英语的素材3. 拓宽概要写作途径，构建读写新常态 On cold winter morning on December 17th last year, a small blue car stopped on a bridge in a provincial town in northern Germany. There men dressed in

20、heavy black coats out and stood on the bridge. While they waited there, they kept on looking over the side. Fifteen minutes later, a motor boat sailed past and drew up by the river bank. Three men got out of the boat and looked up at the bridge. The men on the bridge silently walked down the stone s

21、teps leading to the river bank. No words were spoken when they met the men from the boat. After a while, the motorboat moved off and three men returned to the bridge. Now, only two of them were wearing black coats. The third was dressed in a light grey jacket. Anyone who had been watching the scene

22、might not have realized that two master spies had been exchanged on that cold winter morning. 新概念英语第三册Did the car stop or not?How many men got out?How were they dressed?Where did they stand?Where did they keep looking?Did a motorboat appear or not?Where did it stop? Where did the men go?Why did they

23、 go to the river bank?Did the boat move off or not?Who accompanied the men in black coats?How was he dressed?Did they return to the bridge or not?Had two master spies been exchanged or not?Car stopped.Three men got out.Black coats.Stood bridge.Looked over side.Motorboat appeared.Stopped river bank.M

24、en down steps.Met boat.Boat moved off.Man accompanied by others.Grey jacket.Returned bridge.Spies exchanged.After the car stopped, three men in black coats got out and stood on the bridge. They kept looking over the side until a motorboat appeared. When it stopped by the river bank, the men on the b

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