高中英语必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues知识点归纳(单词、短语、句型、语法)

1、Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 重点知识归纳结（单词+短语句子 +语法）一、重单词和短语1. carry through sth 帮助人过关教材原句These words Dr Lin Qiaozhi a look into the heart this amazing woman, what carried her through a hard 林巧稚医生的这番话让我们可以窥见这位了不起的女性的内心世界什么支持她 度过充满艰难抉择的一生。Her confidence carried through.自信心帮助她渡过了难关。朗文当代联想拓展 含 carry 的他常用短语ca

2、rry on 继 carry 执；行It important to carry out the work 赶快开展这些工作是重要的。2. majority n大部；多教材原句At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose study medicine18 岁，她没有像大多数女孩那样遵循传统的婚姻道路，而是选择了学医。常用搭配 be in the majority 占数the majority of. (of). 大多数In the nur

3、sing profession, women are in 女在护理行业中占大多数。特别注意 当the majority 名”作主语时，其后的谓动词的数取决于 of 之的名词；当 majority 单作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调个体， 谓语动词用复数形式。The majority of rented in probably advertised through housing agencies伦敦大部分的出租房屋可能是通过房屋中介做广告的。第1页The majority in favour banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。联想拓展 adj.主要的 )主

4、修专业 次要的；较小的minority 少数；少数民族be in the minority 占数3. complain 抱怨发骚教材原句 should girls learn ？ good husband should be their final ！ her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition 想到高额的学费，她哥哥抱怨道：为什么女孩子要学这么多？找到一个好丈夫才应该 是她们的最终目标！常用搭配 complain to sb about sth 向人投诉抱怨某事He threatened complain to the about

5、 not feeling appreciated at 他威胁说要去向老板投诉在工作中不受赏识。联想句 complaint 怨；投make complaint sb about/of 向人投诉抱怨某事a letter of complaint 投诉信Customers made a formal complaint about the way they were 顾客因他们被对待的方式提出了正式的投诉。4. respond vt回；复 作出应回教材原句She responded, “Id stay single study my ！她回答道：我宁愿一辈子单身也要学习”第2页常用搭配 respo

6、nd 回应；出反应Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly 掌握基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况迅速作出反应。联想词 应；回答；回复in response (to作（的答复；作为的）反应The law passed in response to 迫于公众压力，法律得以通过文当代5. reject 拒绝受不用教材原句Dr Lin，rejected the offer然而，林医生拒绝了那个提议。He tried to join the army but was rejected because of poor

7、 他想参军，但因身体太差未被接受。易混辨析 refuse 与 reject 的法区别refuse 为通语，常用于 refuse 结构，表示拒绝做某事，也可接名词，表示不接 受。 语气比 refuse 强，表示断然拒。He refused to take the 拒绝接受这笔钱。They rejected damaged 他拒收损坏的物，联想词 绝接受；否决6. appoint vt任；派约，定时、点教材原句In 1941, Dr Lin became the Chinese woman ever appointed director of the department of PUMC Hosp

8、ital, but just a months later, the department closed because of the 1941 年林医生成为首位被任为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，但仅仅几个 月后，这一科室就因战争而被关闭了。They have appointed a new head teacher at my sons 他们在我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。第3页常用搭配 sb (as) 任命某人某个职位appoint sb sth 委派某人做某事appointed time/date 约的时间日期Mr is a careful and experienced en

9、gineer, so he is often appointed to finish some challenging tasks怀特先生是位细心且有经验的工程师，所以他经常被派去完成一些有挑战性的任务。 联想词 appointment 会；预约；任命have appointment with sb 与人有约make/arrange an appointment 预约；约时keep appointment 守约She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.她为儿子预约了看医生的时间。 elect举推；定做事教材原句In 1954,

10、elected to the first National Peoples Congress and, the several decades, she many important positions.1954 年她当选为第一届全国大代表，在接下来的几十年间，她担任过许多重要职 务。常用搭配 be elected to. 入被选为elect sb (as). 选某人为elect to sth 决选择做某事He elected the new Prime 他被选为新一届首相。 can elect to delete the message or save 你可以选择删除或者保存这条消息。第4页

11、联想词 election 举；推选；当选 tend顾；照料教材原句She interested in tending patients, publishing medical research care for women and children, and training the next generation of 她更感兴趣的是照顾病人女和儿童护理方面的医学研究培训下一代医生。 常用搭配 tend (to) sb 照顾某人Sofia was the bedroom tending her 索菲娅在卧室里照料她的儿子文当代向；趋于常用搭配 tend to sth 易做某事；往往会发生某事

12、tend towards/to. 有的势；倾People tend less they get older.随着年龄的增长，人需要的睡眠通常会减少。The sort of music listen to varies, but it tends towards light 我听的音乐种类繁多，不过倾向于轻音乐联想词 tendency 向；趋势a tendency to/towards的向have a tendency to sth 有做某事的趋势This drug effective has tendency to cause headaches.第5页这种药很有效，但可能会引起头疼。9. s

13、cared adj.害怕的对感到慌恐的教材原句She scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the 面试的时候太害怕了，以至于完全忘记了该如何回答这些问题。常搭 be scared to 吓得要联想词 惊吓；使害怕 受惊吓 惊恐惊（作单数社 会上的）大恐慌scare sb/sth away/off 把人某物吓跑scare sb into/out of sth 恐吓某人做不做某事scare sb to death 把某人吓得要死 really gave us a ！你真的吓

14、了我们一跳！Our guides will have guns with them for defence-they use to scare animals away if they come too 我们的导游将随身带枪用于防如果动物靠得太近，他们就可以用枪将它们吓跑。 Some parents to scare their children into behaving 有些父母试图去吓唬孩子让他们守规矩。 adj恐怖的；吓人的（多用于形容事物具有令人惊恐怕的特征）scary movies/stories 恐电影故事10. replace 接；代更教材原句The student union

15、 will hold special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the 学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议，选举出接替秘书的人选。常用搭配 replace sth with/by sth 用代 will never replaced by computers in class.课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。联想拓展 表示“代”的其他表达take place ， ones place, in of, in ones第6页place, instead of。Natural methods of pest Control now tak

16、ing the place 自然方法正在取代化学品来控制虫害。I had to find someone to take 我必须找个人来替珍妮。If refuse to go, would send someone else 如果我不去，他们会派其他人代替。 probably picked up keys instead of 你可能没拿你的钥匙而错拿了我的。11. whisper vt& vi声；语低 私说传教材原句I her whispering something into his ear, obviously not wanting to heard.我看见她在他耳边悄声说了些什么，显

17、然是不想被听见。Let your heart guide you. whispers, so listen closely.跟随你心的指引吧，它悄声诉说，所以请仔细聆听小脚板走天涯常见用法 whisper sth to sb 向人低声说某事whisper 轻声对某人说whisper about sth 嘀某事It whispered 私下说；秘密告诉；悄声暗示Mum whispered us, “Be ！ Your sisters 妈妈轻声对我们说：安静！你们的小妹妹正在睡觉语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传常用搭配 in a whisper = in low voice 低地；耳语地12. a

18、ssist vt助援；助教材原句Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever could to assist the Chinese 尽管条件困难，白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民常用搭配 assist sb sth 在事上帮助某第7页assist sb in doing sth 助某人做某事The family decided to assist with my 全家人决定帮我做家务联想词 助手；助理；商店店员 理的；副的 U帮助；援助易辨 assist， 和 aid 的用区易混词assisthelp用法指帮助者在援助过程

19、中只起辅助作用，事情主要由被帮助者来做。 asked to assist him carrying through their plan 要我们帮助他完成他 的计划。最普通用词一般性的或迫切要的 帮重积极地为他人提供物质、精神 或他方面的帮助He tries to people in trouble ， firmlybelieves they should do more help themselves尽力 帮有困难的人，但 仍坚信他们更应该 努自救。aid侧重强者对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。This feature is designed to aidinexperienced 项特色是为帮助没

20、有经验的用户 而设的。13. memory n记力回忆教材原句After Dr Bethunes death, Chairman wrote an article in of he praised Dr Bethune as a hero remembered in 白求恩医生去世后泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他章中毛主席称赞白求恩医生是 一名英雄，在中国将被铭记。常用搭配 in memory (=in sb)/to the of sb 作为对某人的纪念 have a good 记力好第8页from memory 凭忆；根据记忆in/within memory 记中的For the Japanes

21、e festival Obon, people should go clean graves and light incense in memory of their 在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要去扫墓、烧香，以纪念他们的祖先。A film will shot memory of these brave firefighters.一部纪念这些英勇消防员的电影即将开拍。 yourself repeatedly before teaches the brain recall and apply knowledge from 在考试前反复测试自己，这样能够教会大脑从记忆中回想及运用知识。联想词 memo

22、rise 住，熟记 值纪念的；难忘的联想拓展 “in ”形的其他常见短语in of 为对表示敬意纪in favour 支持；赞成in of 代in need of 需要in of 就而in search of 找in face of 面；面临 tear泪；泪水（常用复数）教材原句She picked herself up limped away 第9页她站起来，一瘸一拐地哭着走了。常用搭配 in tears 着泪；含着泪（作状语）burst into tears/burst out crying 突大哭起来fight/hold back 强忍住泪水A player talked in tear

23、s of his training injuries in a live TV interview.一位游泳运动员在一次电视直播采访中含泪说起自己带伤训练的经历。 ，撕破；撕扯常用搭配 tear sth apart 撕某物；使某物分崩离析；某物分裂tear 推，毁（建筑物）tear 把纸或布）撕碎In animals world, a hungry animal cant wait to tear its prey 在动物世界里，一只饥饿的动物会迫不及待地把它的猎物撕碎。15. harm n& 伤；损教材原句“Is there no one in this village feels any

24、responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？“难道这个村子里没有人觉得有任保护他们的邻居免受伤害吗常见用法 do no/great harm 无有极大的伤害do sb harm sb 对人有害 harm 没恶there harm in doing sth 做事没有什么坏处He no by saying thinks, people tend be upset by 他想到什么就说什么，并无恶意，但人们听了往往会感到不快。They may able to help but theres harm in asking 第10页他们可能帮不上忙

25、，但问他们一下倒也无妨。联想词harmful 有害的be harmful to 对有害harmless 害的16. a great/good deal 大量教材原句After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in moving it to side of 经过大量的努力，她终于成功把它移到了街道的一边。There is a great learn from Hals expert approach.从哈尔熟练的方法中可以学到很多。Our patient is great better 我们的病人今天好多了。特别注意 a great/g

26、ood deal 只修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。A great of practice and research done in some developed countries.在一些发达国家已经做了大量的实践和研究工作。二重句讲1. 1941 Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman to be appointed director of OB-GYN department of PUMC Hospital, but just a few months later, the department was closed because of

27、the war.句意： 年林医生成为首位被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，但仅 仅几个月后，这一科室就因战争而被关闭了。知拓 动词定作置语由 the first，the last，the ， 所饰的词后常跟不定式作定语。He the first man navigate the Atlantic by 第11页他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。 way, right, chance, reason, ambition名词后常跟不定式作定语，说明其 饰的名词的内容。Thank for giving the chance to make the speech.谢谢你给我发言的机会。被修饰词是 so

28、mething， 等不定代词时，常用不定式作定语。 I have nothing to 没有什么要说的。2. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, was known as the mother of ten thousand babies, having delivered over 50,000 babies in lifetime.句意 林稚虽然终身未婚，但被誉“婴之”一生共接生过 5 万个婴儿。 知拓 动词ing 形式完式状动词的ing 形的完成式“having+动的ed 形式构成。它表示动作发生在句中谓语 动词表示的动作之前。在逻辑上，当句子的主语执行动

29、-ing 形表示的动作时，动-ing 形的完成式用主动式；当句子的主语承受动-ing 形式表示的动作时，动词ing 形的完成式用被动。动词ing 形的完成式只表示在谓语动词表示的动作发生以前已完成的动作实 时间并没有直接关系。只有谓语动同才表示现实时间。Having studied English for three years, he read brief stories in 学了三年英语，他能读简短的英文故事。（谓语表示的是现在时间）Having been called a stranger, realised what happened.被一个陌生人叫住后，他意识到发生了什么事。（谓语

30、表示的是过去时间） Having found out the will come back to apologise for his behaviour.他已经查明了真相，他会回来为他的行为道歉的。（谓语表示的是将来时间） 3 Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had ！句意 想一下当她在原来放石的地方看见那些金币时的惊讶！知拓 where 引地状从句where 可引地点状语从句，意“地方，where 是从属连词，从句修饰主句或 主句的谓语动词。Where there is a ， is a 第12

31、页有志者，事竟成。 should go where we 我们应当到需要我们的地方去。单元重句型总结句 1 “否定+比较”表示高意通译“没比更没像 一”。常用的否定词有 no, not, never, nothing, nobody, 等知拓 表示高意的他构比较级 than+ anyone else比较级 than+ any other+单名词比较级 than+ all (the) 复数名词比较级 than+ any of the 复数名词比较级 than+ the rest 复名词或不可数名词He working harder than any other student in class.

32、= He is working harder than the other students in his class. working harder than any of other students in his class. working harder than the of students in his 他比班上的其他学生都更加努力。链接课文 To a person nothing is more precious their and they me with that how could I refuse that 对一个人来说没什么比生命珍贵如果他们把生命托付给我我么能拒绝这

33、种 信任呢经典例句Nothing more valuable time, but nothing is less 没有什么比时间更宝贵，但时间是最不受人重视的。I couldnt agree more with the concept that cheap things are not always 便宜的东西并不总是好的，我完全赞同这个说法。Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City-there could not be more awesome ！第13页想象一下在故宫上演这部歌剧不可能有比这更棒的场景了！句 2

34、sth takes/took+ 一段间+to do 需要长间做事类似的句型有 takes 一段时+to do ，做某事花费（某人）多长时。链接课文Within six months, she was chief resident physician, position thatusually four years to 6 个内，她被任命为住院总医，这一职位通常需要 4 年间才能获得。经典例句It look me over 21 years to get college degree. college degree look over years 我花了超过 21 年时间才拿到大学学位That

35、 cut taking a long heal.那个伤口需要很长时间才能愈合。Her took three to repair她的自行车用了三个小时才修好。句 3 neither. nor. 既不也不知识拓展 neither. 意既不也不，连接两个并列的成分。连接并列主语时谓语动词的形式遵循就一致的原则接并列的分句且位于分句句首时两个分 句都要用部分倒装。链接课文 Neither nor her friends thought about moving the stone of the 她和她的朋友都没想过把石头从路上移开。经例Neither cause nor its cure unders

36、tood.人们既不知道它的病因，也不了解它的治疗方法。Neither I nor Amy to attend the business conference if we are busy.如果我们忙的话，我和埃米都不会去参加那个商业会议。（连接并列的主语） They can neither read not write, nor they such 他们不会读，不会写，也理解不了这样的概念。（连接并列的谓语动词）But if expectations-then their actions would neither not just 但是如果你不抱期望会怎么样那么他们的行为就会变得既不好也不坏

37、是行 为而已。（连接并列的表语）第14页Neither do it, nor care about it.我不知道这件事，也不关心它。（连接并列分句）四、单语法突破重 1、词ing 形式宾补语教材原句 new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a role 中国成立 后，林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。宾语补足语） saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not wanting to 我看见她在他耳边悄声说了些什么，显然是不想被听见(whispering. 作语

38、补足)动词ing 形作宾语补足语时语往往是其逻辑主语动词与宾语存在逻辑上的 主动关系，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。They computers the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑让交通顺畅。当转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动-ing 形式便转换为主语补足语。 A cook will be immediately fired if he found smoking in 如果厨师被发现在厨房吸烟，他会被立即开除。能用动词ing 形作宾语补足语的几类动词(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官词，常见的有 see，feel, find,

39、notice, observe 等One day, when she five years old, Hannah and her saw a eating out of garbage can.汉娜五岁时，有一天她和妈妈看到一个人从垃圾箱中翻找东西吃。Listening to music at home is thing ； going to hear being performed live is quite another在家里听音乐是一回事，去现场听又是另一回事。On the bank of the river, we found him sitting on a bench, wit

40、h his eyes fixed on kite the sky.在河岸上，我们发现他坐在长凳上，眼睛盯着天上的风筝。(2)表示指使意义的使役动词，见的有 ，get， ， 等I wont you running around the room.第15页我不会让你在房间里跑来跑去。His left me wondering what he was driving 他的评论使我想知道他到底是什么意思。hearwatch 等官动词之后用动词ing 形和词不定式（常省略 ）作宾语补足语的区别：前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。 She felt the tears roll dow

41、n her cheeks.她感到眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。She felt the tears tolling down her cheeks她感到眼泪正顺着脸颊流下来。重 2、词ing 形式状教材原句 her brother complained, thinking of high tuition 想到高额的学费，她哥 哥抱怨道（thinking 作原因状语） of all the people in of help, Dr Lin opened a private 考虑到那些仍然需要帮助的人，林医生便开了一家私人诊所。Thinking 作原因状 语） Qiaozhi never married

42、, she was as “mother ten thousand babies”, having delivered ， babies her 林巧稚虽然终身未婚，但她被誉万之母，一生共接生过 万个婴儿。having 为在分词的完成式作原因状语）动词的ing 形可在句中作状语示时间因件结果伴随方式让等， 相当于一个状语从句。其基本形式如下：一般式完成式形式doingbeing having 含义与句子的主语为逻辑上的 主动关系，与句子谓语动词表示的动作 同时生或几乎同时发生，表主动、进行。与句子的主语为逻辑上的 被动关系，与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或 几同时发生，表被动、进行。与句子的

43、主语为逻辑上的 主关系，先于句子谓语 动词表示的动作发生，表 主、完成。第16页havingdonebeen与句子的主语为逻辑上的 被关系，先于句子谓语 动词表示的动作发生，表 被、完成。作时间状语，为了强调，还可与 ，while 等词连用。Hearing their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. =While hearing theirteachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. =When hearing their teachers voice, the p

44、upils stopped talking at once听到他们老师的声音，学生们立即停止了讲话。Seeing that she was going off sleep, I asked if shed like doll her 看到她要去睡觉了，我问她是否喜欢床上的那个小娃娃。see 与逻辑主语 I 之间是主 动关系，与句子的谓语动词表示的动作几乎同时发生）Having worked for days, Steve managed finish his report 工作两天后，史蒂夫设法按时完成了报告。work 的作发生在句子的谓语动词表示 的动作之前，且与其逻辑主语 之是主动关系）Having been given good chance, how could slip ？人家给了她一个这么好的机会怎么能轻易放过（ 与其逻辑主语 之是被 动关系，且发生在句子的谓语动词表示的动作之前）作原因状语，相当于 ，as 引的原因状语从句。Not knowing how to work the difficult physics problem, asked the teacher for help. =Because didnt know to work th