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1、电力专业英语电力系统中的高电压技术第1页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五TopicsInsulationGroundingOvervoltageLightning Shielding第2页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Insulation 1Insulation is required to keep electrical conductors separated from each other and from other nearby objects.The choice of material is dictated by the requi

2、rements of the particular application and by cost.第3页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Insulation 2The coils of generators and motors may be insulated with various tapes.The insulation on power transformer windings is commonly paper tape and pressboard operated under oil.第4页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Insul

3、ation 3Overhead lines are supported on porcelain insulators. Between the supports air serves as insulation. Porcelain is chosen because of its resistance to deterioration when exposed to the weather, its high dielectric strength, and its ability to wash clean by rain.第5页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五In

4、sulation 4The cost of equipment and the system as a whole is closely related to the insulation level which has been adopted for the network. The choice of insulation level should take into account both the probability of occurrence and the severity of stress that the system may be subjected to. 第6页,

5、共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五500KV开关场 switchyard第7页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五500KV变压器 transformer第8页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五220KV开关场 switchyard第9页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五220KV开关场 switchyard第10页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五电力电缆 power cables第11页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五电力电缆 power cable第12页,共40页,20

6、22年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五钢芯铝绞线 aluminum conductor steel reinforced 第13页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五架空输电线overhead transmission line第14页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五架空输电线overhead transmission line第15页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Insulation CoordinationElectric systems insulation designers have two options availa

7、ble to them: choose insulation levels for components that would withstand over voltages, devise protective devices that could limit over voltages there.第16页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五GroundingGrounding is defined as a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, by which an electric cir

8、cuit or equipment is connected to the earth, or to some conducting body of relatively large extent that serves in place of the earth.第17页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五GroundingThe most important reason for grounding is safety. Two important aspects to grounding requirements with respect to safety and o

9、ne with respect to power quality are follows: Personnel safety To assure protective device operation Noise control第18页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五接地网施工 construction of ground grid第19页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五接地网施工 construction of ground grid第20页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五OvervoltagesThe overvoltage

10、s can be divided into external overvoltages and internal overvoltages according to the locations of sources.External overvoltages are generated by sources that external to the power system network. Their magnitude is essentially independent of the system.第21页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五External Overv

11、oltagesLightning overvoltages are characterized by very high peak currents and relatively low energy content. They are responsible for nearly half of all short circuits on lines in systems of 300kv and above. Up to 300kv the system insulation has to be designed primarily to withstand lightning surge

12、s.第22页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Internal OvervoltagesInternal overvoltages are principally determined by the system configuration and its parameters. They are mainly due to switching operations and following fault conditions.According to their duration, which ranges from hundreds of microseconds to

13、 several seconds, three main categories of internal overvoltages can be defined:第23页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Internal Overvoltages1 Transient Switching Surges.2 Temporary Overvoltages.3. Steady-state Overvoltages.第24页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lightning StrokesDuring stormy weather, by a process n

14、ot yet fully understood, a charge separation takes place inside clouds, so that positive charges move to the upper part of the cloud while negative charges stay below. This transfer of electric charge sets up an electric field within the cloud.第25页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lightning StrokesThe nega

15、tive charge at the base of the cloud repels the free electrons on the ground below. Consequently, the surface of the ground becomes positively charged, by induction.第26页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lightning StrokesAs more and more positive charges are move upward within the cloud, the electric field

16、below the cloud becomes more and more intense. Ultimately, it reaches the critical ionization level where air begins to breakdown. Ionization takes places first at the tips of high buildings, such as church spires, and the top of high trees. 第27页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lighting Stroke第28页,共40页,20

17、22年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lighting Stroke第29页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lighting Stroke第30页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lighting Strokes 第31页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lighting Conductors 第32页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lighting Conductors 第33页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lightning Shielding of Transmission Lin

18、esWhen lightning makes a direct hit on a transmission line, it deposits a large electric charge, producing an enormous overvoltage between the line and the ground.The dielectric strength of air is immediately exceeded and a flashover occurs. 第34页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lightning Shielding of Tran

19、smission LinesThe arc between the line and the ground produces a highly ionized path which behaves like a a conducting short-circuit. Consequently, the normal AC line voltage immediately delivers a large AC current that follows the ionized path. This follow-through current may sustain the arc until the circuit breakers open at the end of line.第35页,共40页,2022年,5月20日,3点38分,星期五Lightning Shielding of Transmission LinesDirect hits on a transmission line are rare. More often, lightning will strike the overhead ground wire that shields the line. In th

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