Wine Studies葡萄酒研究课件：9-Spain and Porgugal

1、 Wine StudiesSession 10:Spain PortugalGeographical LocationPassionate Spanish Wines世界各国葡萄种植面积一览表单位：万公顷Geographical LocationSpain has a vast mountains高原为主，海拔600米-1000米Interior & coast have continental & Mediterranean climate respectively大陆性气候地中海气候Spain - GeographyIn the interior, Cold winters & extre

2、mely hot summers内陆地区天气极端，炎热的夏天（40C)和寒冷的冬天(-22C)天气干旱，主要降雨在冬季和秋季，干旱是普遍问题产区围绕着河流RiojaPrioratoRibera del DueroWine CategoriesPDO Wine (Protected Denomination of Origin)DOCa（DenominationDeOriginCalificda）严格规定产区和葡萄酿制有三个产区属DOC标准：Rioja；Ribera del Duero；PrioratoDO（DenominationDeOrigin）= France AOCVinoDeLaTie

3、rra = Vin de PaysVinoDeMesa= Vin de TableWine Categories | 深圳爱上葡萄酒贸易有限公司 | 400-0099-239Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOC or DOCa)Denominacion de Origen-Pago (DO Pago)Denominacion de Origen (DO)Vino de la Tierra (DdlT)Vino de Mesa最高等级：目前有三个产区：Rioja， Ribera del Duero； 和 Priorat独立酒庄分级：独立在DO产区之外的酒庄

4、酒DO。DO等级：相当于法国的AOC等级餐酒级别：相当于法国的VDP普通餐酒：相当于法国的VDTSpain: important labelling termsJoven 新酒Crianza 精酿Reserva 珍藏Grand Reserva 陈酿Spain: important labelling termsJoven 新酒a wine that has not been aged in oak Crianza 精酿aged for a minimum of 2 yearsat least 6 months in small oak cask.Reserva 珍藏（用比较好的葡萄酿造）age

5、d for a minimum of 3 yearsat least 12 months in oak Gran Reserva 陈酿（用最珍贵的葡萄酿造）Red wines aged for a minimum of 5 yearsat least 18 months in oakGrapes Estimate 600 grapes varieties in Spain 80% is mainly from 20 grape varieties only. The most common grape varieties are Tempranillo 添普兰尼洛，丹魄GarnachaPrem

6、ium Red Wine RegionsRioja 里奥哈Best known region located in northern SpainMain grapes:Tempranillo GarnachaRiojaTempranillo medium to full body 坚实，色深medium acidity and tannins Fruit character: red fruitStrawberryplumOften matured in oakSweet coconuttobaccoMaturityLeather， Mushroom， meatGrenache/Garnach

7、aFull body 口感圆润，易氧化hot climate: red fruitStrawberry， raspberryWhite pepperLiquoriceOakedLeather, toffeeUsed for rose winesGrenache blendsGrenacheIncrease alcohol levelsLowers tannin and acidityAdds a red fruit characterRiojaCatalunyaLa ManchaValdepenasRibera del DueroRias BaixasMost famous wine in S

8、pain | 深圳爱上葡萄酒贸易有限公司 | 400-0099-239Vega-Sicilia Unico传说中的西班牙酒王超长时间的陈酿（最低10年）1968年的拍卖价格在1500美元以上果味和酸味均衡，单宁丝般柔滑，有干的黑醋栗的香味，保证了它的陈年能力Premium White GrapesAlbario light to medium bodiedFruit character: green and citrus fruitApplePearGrapemainly in northwest Spain Rias Baixas. RiojaCatalunyaLa ManchaValdep

9、enasRibera del DueroRias BaixasBulk/Inexpensive Wine RegionsLa Mancha DO and Valdepenas DOTempranillo, & GarnachaSimilar style to RiojaSoft tanninsStrawberry fruitOak flavoursBut less intensity or complexitySpanish Sparkling Wine25CavaTraditional method: bottle fermentationMain grape varietiesLocal

10、grapeChardonnayFlavoursGreen fruityeastCatalunyaWine for todayZarusOrigin: Ribera Del Duero, SpainAlcohol: 14 %volGrape: Tempranillo树龄80年，酒精发酵 6-8天，乳酸发酵10-12天橡木桶中陈酿34个月，美国半新桶16月，法国新桶18个月结构饱满，成熟的樱桃味，香醋味，烟熏味，余味悠长SHERRY: Spanish fortified wineJerez 赫雷斯- the birth place of a famous Spanish fortified win

11、eGrape varietals 292 main white grape varieties:Palomino 天然低酸缺少浓郁芳香Pedro Ximenez - PXsweetening agent for sherry Sherry ProductionDry neutral wineFortified(Fino 15% abv/ Oloroso 18% abv)Aging in solera system(source of most of the flavour)Optional sweeteningFino SherryFortified to 15% -15.5% abvFlor

12、 yeast forms on surfaceDryPale colorFlavours: yeastyBreadCitrus zestSweetened Fino labelled Pale Cream生物型熟化Fino SherryAmontillado SherryFlor killed and wine oxidisedA Fino fortified to 18% abvDry， 5 yearsamberFlavours: yeasty/kernelBreadNutscoffeeMany are sweetenedOloroso Sherryfortified to 18% abvN

13、o florDry, 7 yearsDeep brownFlavours: kernel 榛子Toasted nuts 烤坚果coffeeMany are sweetened and labelled Cream氧化型熟化Solera System （索乐拉系统）PORT: Portugal fortified wineDouro 杜罗河- the birth place of a famous Protugal fortified winePortclimatewarm continental (vineyard)drier & hotter further inlandgrape vari

14、etiesTinta RorizTouriga NacionalTinta Franca Tinta CoTinta BarrocaPortBaixo CorgoCima CorgoDouro SuperiorR. DouroPortoVila Nova de GaiaPort ProductionRapid extraction of colour and tanninFortified to 20% during fermentationSweet wineMaturation in old oak vessels(length of time in oak key impact on s

15、tyle)Port Production波特酒的酿造：长时间的脚踩摄取酚类物质（颜色，单宁）发酵到6%-9%的酒精度放入77%度的葡萄蒸馏的烈酒葡萄酒与烈酒的比例是1：4烈酒杀死酵母，停止发酵，保留糖分放入木桶陈酿 | 深圳爱上葡萄酒贸易有限公司 | 400-0099-239Ruby Port (inexpensive)Blend of vintages ( non-vintage)Bottled young (less than 3 years aging)Ready to drink on releaseLow tanninsflavours: red/black fruit, sweet

16、 spiceCherryPlumBlack berryclovepepperTawny Port （茶色）Inexpensive or researve (7 years)Age indicated （10-40 years）Extended oxidative ageingMedium tawny colorLow tanninFlavours: kernelWalnutCoffeeChocolateCaramel 焦糖混合宝石红波特和白波特的葡萄酒Tawny Port （茶色）Vintage Port （年份波特）From the best vintage only最好的年份，最好的庄园的

17、葡萄Bottled young （2 years)Can age for decadesUnfiltered/high tannins （1/3是渣）Maturity: cooked fruit/vegetal Wet leavesLeathercoffeeVintage Port （年份波特）Late Bottled Vintage (LBV) PortFrom a single vintage (不太好的年份）5 years agingLow to medium tanninsSome unfiltered(Traditional style LBV)flavours: intense red/black fruit, sweet spiceCherry，PlumBlack berryClove， pepperLate Bottled Vintage (LBV) PortWine for tod