考研英语完型填空第三讲

1、2005年试题详解文章主题是“人的鼻子”，作者谈论的中心议题是“我们常常低估了鼻子的功能。” 第1自然段作者对比了人们对鼻子感知功能的误解和鼻子事实上具有的功能。第2自然段对比了人们对气味的敏感性。第3自然段解释了大脑对鼻子感知的调节作用。1. 应选C but“但是（对比，转折关系）”，说明上文的假设和下文的事实关系。而选项A although“尽管” （句子重心往往在后一句），选项B as“正如（它所说明的原因只是附带性的）”，选项D while“当；尽管”均不符合句意。2. 应选B unlike“不像”，根据上下文的逻辑关系，对比人类与其他动物的不同之处。而选项A above“在之上”，选

2、项 excluding“排除”选项D besides“除了”均不符合句意。3. 应选A limited (to)“有限的”，符合句意。根据下文信息“人类的鼻子没有感知到大多数气味”，符合一致性的原则。而选项B committed (to)“效忠于”，选项 dedicated (to)“专注于，献身于”，选项D confined (to)“狭隘的，局限的”均不符合句意。4. 应选 missing“错过”，与上文的perceiving构成照应关系。最大的干扰项为选项B ignoring“忽略”，在上下文中强调的不是人类的鼻子故意忽视，而是由于直立行走，没能感知流离于地表的气味。选项A catchi

3、ng“捕获”（为反义干扰） 和选项Dtracking“跟踪”都不能与上下文构成一致性。 5. 应选B though“然而；尽管还是”，这里though被用作副词，注意其后面的逗号。此题考查对上下文逻辑的理解。上文说明人类鼻子的嗅觉常常不被重视，但是事实上对气味却很敏感。而选项A anyway“无论如何，总之”，选项 instead“作为代替；反而”，选项D therefore“因此”均不符合句意。6.应选A even if“即使”（表达某种假设关系或让步关系）。而选项B if only“要是，要是多好”，选项 only if“决不除非”，选项D as if“宛如”均不符合句意。7.应选D de

4、tecting“探测，察觉”与上文的“perceiving”构成了对应关系。而选项A distinguishing“区分”，选项B discovering“发现”，选项 determining“决定”均无法与上下文构成一致性。干扰性较强的选项为A。8. 应选A diluted“稀释，冲淡”，与下文“one part in one million”构成了一致性。而选项B dissolved，“溶解”选项 dispersed“散开，疏散”，选项D diffused“散播，传播”均不符合句意。9. 应选D whereas“尽管，但是”，连接对比的逻辑关系。而选项A when“当”，选项B since

5、“由于；自从”，选项 for“由于”不符合上下文的逻辑。10. 应选B particular“特殊的，特别的”，与下文的“certain”一词构成对应关系。而选项A unusual“不寻常的，与众不同的”，选项 unique“唯一的，非凡的”，选项D typical“典型的，象征的”，都无法与上下文构成一致性。11. 应选 messages“信息，信号”，与上下文的“signals”等概念构成一致性，符合句意。而选项A signs“标记，标识”，选项B stimuli“刺激，激发”和选项D impulses“刺激，冲动”均不符合句意。 12. 应选A at first“首先，开始”，at fi

6、rst副词修饰“insensitive to a smell”形容词短语部分。与该句的“suddenly”“often”等概念构成了连贯性。而选项B at all“根本不”，选项 at large“总而言之”，选项D at times“有时”均不符合句意。13. 应选D exposed (to)“接触到，暴露于”，下文“working all the time”构成了照应关系。而选项A subjected (to)“遭受于”，选项B left (to)“留给”，选项 drawn (to)“吸引”均不符合句意。 14. 应选 inefficient“无效率的，无效果的”，与下文的“working

7、 all the time”和“best”等概念构成了照应关系。而选项A ineffective“不奏效，不起作用”，选项B incompetent“不合格的，无能的”，选项D insufficient“不充足的，匮乏的”均无法在上下文构成较佳的一致性。15. 应选D create“产生，创造”，与上下文的信息构成了一致性，“我们对自己的气味不敏感，因为我们的大脑认为没有必要这样做。但是如果需要大脑可以产生新的嗅觉感受器。”而选项A introduce“引入，引进”，选项Bsummon“召集，召唤”，C trigger“引起，触发”均无法在上下文中构成较佳的一致性。16.应选B also“也，

8、还”，引导递进的逻辑关系。上文提出了一种解释，而下文提出另外一种解释。而选项A still“仍然”，选项 otherwise“另外，否则”，选项D nevertheless“然而”均不能构成上下文的连贯性。17.应选 aware (of)“意识到，明了”。与上下文中的“perceive”“sense”“find”等构成了一致性。而选项A sure (of)“确信”，选项B sick (of)“有病，不舒服”，选项D tired (of)“厌倦”均不符合句意。18. 应选D notice“注意，感知，识别”，符合句意。与上下文中的“perceive”、“sense”、“find”等构成了一致性。

9、而选项A tolerate“忍受，容忍”，选项B repel“排斥，反感”，选项 neglect“忽视”均不符合句意。19. 应选A available“可以利用的”，为宾语“receptors”的宾语补足语，与上文的“被某些感受器处于备用状态”的信息构成一致性。而选项B reliable“可靠的”，选项 identifiable“可识别的”，选项D suitable“适合的”均不符合句意。干扰性较强的选项为。20. 应选B such as “例如，像那样的，诸如”，根据上下文的意思，该空后面的内容应为前面“smells”的举例，因此such as为正确选项。而选项A similar to“相

10、似”，选项 along with“和一起”，选项D aside from“除了”均不符合句意。语法点拨虚拟语气 主从句谓语动词的时态 主句从句与现在事实相反would/情态动词过去式+dowere (不分人称)/did与过去事实相反would/情态动词过去式+have donehad done与将来事实相反would/情态动词过去式+doshould do主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如：Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company

11、would not be so thriving as it is.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) 识别事实和假设混合句：Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were i

12、ll at the time.(句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.(前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实) 下列动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式：desire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, ma

13、intain, move, propose, prefer, urge, vote。如：In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式：advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, im

14、perative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested。如：The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away.It is essential that all these figur

15、es be checked twice. 介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without, but for, under more favorable conditions等。如：But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. 常用虚拟形式的句型(1)从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式表示虚拟的句型：would rather, as soon as, though, supposehad rather, as if ,supposingIf only, It is (high) time t

16、hat(从句中动词只用过去式) 如：His wife would rather they didnt talk about the matter any more.Id rather you went by train, because I cant bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.My father always

17、talks as though he were addressing a public meeting.(2)If it were not for (与现在事实相反)If it had not been for (与过去事实相反) 相当于but for。如：If it had not been for his help (= but for his help), we would not have succeeded. (3)If only谓语动词视情况选用适当的形式。如：If only the committee would approve the regulations and put t

18、hem into effect as soon as possible. (4)lest/for fear that/in case 从句谓语用(should+)动词原形。如：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.情态动词 (1)may/might (just) as well“不妨，最好”，与had better相近。如：Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.(2)cannot/canttoo “越越好，怎么也不

19、过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannotover。如：You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be overemphasized.(3)usednt或didnt use to为used to (do)的否定式。(4)should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didnt expect that he should have behaved

20、 like that.平行结构 注意由并列连词或等立连词连接的成分在语法形式上是否相同，即都是形容词，或都是介词短语，或都是不定式，或都是动名词，或都是句子等。如：Symposium talks will cover a wide range of subjects from over-fishing to physical and environmental factors that affect the populations of different species.In the teaching of mathematics, the way of instruction is gen

21、erally traditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. 注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同。如：It is better to die on ones feet than to live on ones knees.Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it. 如果平行的两个成分在形式上是介词短语，而且介词相同，一般说来

22、第二个介词不要省略。如：At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials. 形容词性(定语)从句切记：关系代词/副词一定要在从句中充当某种成分，即主语、宾语、表语或定语。指人时用who(做主语)、whom(做宾语)、whose(做定语)；指物时用which或that；指时间用when；指地点用where；指原因用why。 1.尤其要注意whose的用法whose在从句

23、中做定语，修饰名词。所以，如果关系代词后面紧接的是名词，且关系代词又不在从句中做主语或宾语，那么，这个关系代词就应该是whose。如：Of course developing a system for helping students whose needs are out of the ordinary had been a necessary step in helping those students get into the world of public education.It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health, wealth and happiness to elements with whose very names the general public are un