工程造价外文翻译

1、The stage of the project cost managementAbstractProject cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. Described the current stage of the project cost management situation on the strengthening of the various stages of construction cost manage

2、ment of the importance of and raised a number of key initiatives.Keywords ：cost of theconstruction project cost managementstatusinvestment decision phase of the design phase of the implementation phase of the cost management in a market economy,1、Project cost managementEven under the WTO and Chinas

3、accession to the world community, Chinas constructionindustryhowtoeffectivelycontrolconstructioncostofconstruction and management of an important component part. However, current budget for the construction projects - estimate, budget, Super budget accounts for the super three is still widespread an

4、d that eventually led to a serious loss of control of project investment. Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost.As the project cost to the project runs through the entire process, stage by stagecan be divided into Investment D

5、ecision stage, the design and implementation phases. The so-called Project Cost effective control is the optimization of the construction plans and design programs on the basis of in the building process at all stages, use of certain methods and measures to reduce the cost of the projects have a rea

6、sonable control on the scope and cost of the approved limits.2、the status of construction cost managementEngineering and cost management work of the current status of project cost management system was formed in the 1950s, 1980s perfect together. Performanceof the country and directly involved in th

7、e management of economic activities. Provisions in the design stage to different estimates or budget preparation as well as government; Nothing relevant departments to formulate a budget, content, methods and approval, the budget will provide the fixed cost of equipment and materials and fixed price

8、 of the budget preparation, approval, management authority, and so on.3、engineering cost management cost management unionWith the historical process, after recovery, reform and development, formed a relatively complete budget estimate of quota management system. However, as the socialist market econ

9、omic development, the systems many problems have also exposed. Generally speaking, the budget estimate is based on direct participation in the management of national economic activity as a precondition. enterprise is not the actual economic entities. Due to the characteristics of the planned economy

10、, and, at the time under the conditions of productivity, will inevitably become shortage in the economy.In severe shortage of commodities under the conditions, as long as a certainlevel of investment, will be certain outputs. In this environment, the project planning and technical argumentation ther

11、e can be no economic analysis. control of the project cost constitute key factors equipment and materials prices, wages and taxes of artificial distribution. In this relatively stable economic environment, the budget estimate for the system approved project cost, help the government to carry out inv

12、estment plans to play a major role.As the socialist market economic system established, requires us to predict project investment and control. In recent years, international investment project developed to the requirements of prior pre-control and in the middle of control. China, the traditional pra

13、ctice in an objective light on the cause decision-making, implementation heavy, light the economy and technology,First, the consequences of victimization,Due to the technical personnel of the project technical and economic concepts and a weak awareness of cost control, cost management makes the qual

14、ity difficult to raise. Project Cost control is difficult toachieve long-term goals.Second, the various stages of the project management view of the above circumstances, My first academia in the 1980s made the whole process of cost management and control concept, building departments will study the

15、feasibility of projects and the budgets and final accounts to two extended at the request of the corresponding regulations put our cost management concepts and methods referred to a new height.4、The decision-making phase of the project cost managementOur task now is to be modern and cost management

16、in line with Chinas national conditions of the market economy system goal, learn from the advanced experience of the developed countries, and establish sound market economic laws of project cost management system, efforts to increase the project cost levels. An investment decision-making phase of th

17、e project cost management construction project investment decision-making stage is proposed project proposals; conduct a feasibility study to determine investment estimation and the final preparation of design task. At this stage, the projects technical and economic decision-making, of the construct

18、ion project cost of the project after the completion of the economic benefits have a decisive influence, The construction cost is an important stage control.Chinas current stage of the project cost for the project management for thepurpose of clearing price, and focusing only on the construction pro

19、cess of cost control, neglected before the start of the project investment decision-making stage ofcostcontrol.Investmentdecision-makingphaseofinvestmentprojectsestimated an important basis for decision-making. It has a direct impact on national economic and financial analysis of the results of the

20、reliability and accuracy. Because of this phase is the preliminary work of projects, the information can not be fully, comparable works more or less that information accumulated relatively small, estimated inadequate and unscientific. Makes project cost management and workers is difficult at this st

21、age do something.The various stages of the project cost control in the decision-making phase project cost control. Right project planning phase of the cost, many owners have the wrong understanding that the lower the cost the better. Cost control is not a unilateral issue, and should be a number of

22、factors, a combination of practical, comprehensive consideration. The construction project investment decision-making stage, the projects technical and economic decision-making, Cost of the project after the completion of the project and the economic benefits, with a decisive role in project cost co

23、ntrol is an important stage, rationally define and control the direction of the project cost of accurate positioning and building Optimization guiding role.5、In the stage of construction project units in engineering cost managementIn the decision-making phase of the most important is to do a good jo

24、b feasibility study, the work is done well, returns on investment and can form a good proportion. Otherwise, invest more, less effective, resulting in loss of control and waste of investment.At present, some of the projects planned the owners of departure from the subjective desires of a feasibility

25、 study on the lack of scientific proof. Feasibility Study untrue,falseorengineeringfunctionsobtainingtheapprovalofsuperiors, actually put into the feasibility study will be awarded in the study for the project after the smooth functioning buried a lot of hidden problems, lead to insufficient follow-

26、up funds for the project and had to extend the time limit so that the project could not have planned the use of cost-effective, even become hopeless completion of the beard works.Bidding construction unit bidding systemTherefore, in order to phase in the investment decision-making effectively contro

27、l construction costs, we must do the following aspects:construction stageImplementation of the construction project and corporate accountability, Construction of the project from planning to implementation of the entire process and the use of the funds to repay responsibilities to the people. in add

28、ition toestablishing a legal system and the project supervision matching mechanism by the departments in charge of the industry and supervision departments for setting up a monitoring group to oversee the use of funds.A realistic approach to market analysis, to avoid the blindness of the projectdeci

29、sion-making, reduces and reduces investment risk. Fully consider building projects in the future market competitiveness, design task more scientific and reliability. Capital financing must have a formal commitment document, the partiesmust do investment funds in place, and funds must have documents

30、to ensure that the project can be approved after the scheduled implementation. To the various loan conditions should be carefully analyzed to minimize the burden of interest and repayment pressure. To strengthen the engineering geology, hydrology, geology and land,water, electricity, transport, envi

31、ronmental projects such as external conditions for the work of depth to make the investment estimate there are sufficient grounds.Taking extensive investigation and research, comparison of similar projects, seriously functional analysis, multi-program comparison and choice. After full technical appr

32、aisal and economic evaluation, and the final technologically advanced, functional and reliable. Reasonable economic projects, thus calculate a more accurate and realistic estimation of the amount of investment, so that the project cost from the start positioning in a more reasonable level.The design

33、 phase of the project cost control for a long time, Chinas building control very effective, - investment projects is not uncommon, this will owners of investment returns, it adds to the owners and within budget,as well as difficulties in fund owners, the impact on the future management or the owners

34、 make payments in arrears, and so on. Hence, the control of the project cost is of great significance, however the project cost is the primary means of control design,Currently most of the property owners in the design stage seldom works cost control, and they found that the cost of the design will

35、not have a great impact,it is wrong, on the contrary, Design phase of the project cost control is the most important step. Because it determines engineering design, construction methods, materials and equipment types, models of the project cost is of critical significance, design optimization phase

36、of the program or minor changes, project cost will have a significant impact, Design phase of the project cost control of the total project cost of 70%. Following is how to control the project from design to create the Law: As the owners must design, the design selected on the quality level is adire

37、ct impact on the quality of product design level, and the design quality products in the level of direct influence on the pricing of the works. Different design units on the same project design are different. the same item of different design institute works between certain aspects of the project co

38、st on the existence of differences between, We assume that with a design from two different design institute to design, Construction plans after the completion of a requested advisory unit cost to do the budget, certainly different design institute the total cost of the project is absolutely not the

39、 same, and most of the difference between the two over 10% even more than 30%, and not necessarily high cost than the design of low cost, and good design is often low cost, We all know that different people have different design styles and different levels, the design works naturally, therefore chos

40、en to design units is the control on the first step. Through tender to select the design of the units is a good method, the tender documents to elaborate on this particular aspect of the requirements, cost control targets, and so on.设计阶段的工程造价控制长期以来,我国建筑控制很有效,因此,控制工程造价具有重要意义, 但工程造价的主要方法是控制设计。目前大部分的业主

41、在设计阶段很少工程的成本控制,而他们认为成本的设计不会有太大的影响,这是不对的,相反的,设计阶段的工程造价控制是最重要的一步。因为它决定了工程设计、施工方法、材料和设备的种类,优化设计阶段的程序或小的变化, 工程造价将会产生重大影响,设计阶段的工程造价控制项目总成本的 70% 。以下是如何控制工程从设计到管理。作为业主,必须重视设计设计由两个不同的设计院设计, 施工图完成后,所要求的咨询单位成本做预算。10%30%们都知道,每个人有不同的设计风格,不同层次的设计作品自然 因此选择设计单位,是管制的第一步。通过招标选择设计单位,是一个很好的方法,在招标文件中详细说明这方面的要求,成本控制目标等等

42、。否则,在以后的设计过程中设计单位会提出增加成本的设计要求；通过招标项目的设计进入市场,为选择最好的设计单位。提倡设计招投标和设计优化战役模式设计单位评估由专家组成, 按照适用,经济,美学原理和先进技术, 结构合理,以满足建筑节能和环保的要求,综合评价的优点,规划设计, 择优确定中选方案。成功的投资计划估计将接近一般建设工程范围内的投资。 这意味着两个设计合约,将帮助设计方案的选择和竞争机会 ,以确保获选设计 先进的技术,独特的新颖性,适应性,以及控制工程造价。设计单位要努力提高自身素质,该项目设计巧妙构思, 当代降低工程成本上动脑筋,以提高设计质量, 力争把设计阶段的工程造价控制批准的投资上

43、限。加强设计阶段以加强监督专员,以确定一个合理的设计, 成熟的技术,减少在施工阶段主要设计变化和在节目中, 在有效控制了工程造价将扮演一个角色。工程的设计, 80成本控制,在开始施工时尽量节约投资 20%,关键施工阶段的识别和控制成本。监督的设计阶段,包括: 设计院的设计图纸和说明,协助业主处理不同设计方案的经济, 资本开支与发展的初步估计,以确保投资能够得到最有效的利用。与业主,监理,包括：本支出发展的初步规划,以确保投资能够得到最有效的利用；与业主不同的设计方案,取得最合理的经济指标。积极推动所谓的上限限额设计即使批准的设计任务书和投资估算,在保证功能要求的前提下。初步设计和概算控制, 据

44、初步批准的预算总额为设计和施工图设计控制。而每一个专业,每从而杜绝了工程设计,提高安全系数和设计标准, 或只考虑技术可行性的计划, 而非经济理性的现象, 这项工程的费用,以确保有效控制。又称价值工程的价值分析,是一种现代科学管理技术, 是一个新的技术经济分析的是产品的功能分析,以节约资源,降低成本的目的,一个有效的方法。它弥有利于解决长期存在的时间长,浪费大,质量差,成本高的问题。价值工程法一般建设项目实施阶段的单位工程造价管理控制工程成本,是合理的 该项目达到质量标准的前提下 ,在投资决策阶段,设计及建造阶段的项目,把项目审批出现在管制范围内,力争在各项建设工程合理使用人力, 物力和财力资源

45、,以取得良好的投资效益和社会效益。项目成本控制和管理是一个动态的过程。动态的市场经济,使投资在确定与控制变得更为复杂,这将要求施工单位对工程造价管理的项目贯穿整个过程中 , 它必须有一个全面的焦点。施阶段的工程造价管理可分为三个部分：投标管理施工管理和结算管理。招标施工阶段的施工单位招标制度控制工程造价的有效手段,申办组织,可以提高成本效益的工程,并确保工程质量, 缩短建设周期,投资回报, 施工单位可充分利用招标的手段 ,有效控制成本。107程招标使用库存。这就要求建设单位进行招标, 在招标文件中,不仅包括通常的内容如债券投标前附表,招标债券合同的条件、合同协议条款、合同格式、技术规格、图纸、招标文件及其他参考格式,还必须提供工程清单招标作为参考文件的重要组成部分。方法,