语法专题二：名词性从句

1、 语法专题二：名词性从句 名词性从句常用关联词： 连接词： that(无任何词意) whether, if (均表示“是否”表从句内容的不确定性) as if ,as though (均表示“好像”，“似乎”) 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词： what, whatever, who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,whose 连接副词： when, where, how, why1. 名词性从句的基本概念：1) 主语从句：在句中充当主语；亦可用it作形式主语，主语从句置于句末。2) 宾语从句：在句中充当及物动词或介词的宾语；亦可用it作形式

2、宾语，宾语从句置于句末。3) 表语从句：在句中充当系动词的表语。4) 同位语从句：常置于fact, truth,idea, thought,news, promise, doubt, suggestion, advice,possibility, belief,problem,question,hope, order, information,message,evidence等抽象名词之后，用以说明其具体内容。判断下列句子中分别包含什么从句：That the earth goes round the sun is known to us all.=It is known to us all _

3、.Whether hes coming or not doesnt matter too much.When and where he was born is a secret.They realize that it is of great value to keep their original language.Can you imagine what will happen next?That is how Henry solved the problem.The fact is that we have lost the game.It looks as if it is going

4、 to rain.The news that he had been killed surprised me.You have no idea how worried she was!We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.The fact that Great Britain is composed of three countries is still unknown to many people.The suggestion that we clean the room by turns is good.The su

5、ggestion that he put forward at the meeting is good.The news that he will study abroad is true.The news that he told me is true.思考：如何区分that 引导的从句是定语从句还是同位语从句？2. 注意：1) 名词性从句要用陈述句语序。2) 名词性从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语,且指代物或事，常用what 引导（有范围限制时用which）。指人用who/whom/whoever/whomever。 缺少状语：用where（表地点）, when（表时间）, how（表方式）,

6、why（表原因）。 She will give _ needs help a warm support. It is a matter of _ will take charge of the project. I want to know _he has told you about his present job. There are so many kinds of cellphones on the market that I dont know _ I should buy. I dont understand _ the boy has so many questions. Whe

7、n the ship will arrive is still unknown. Please ask the guide how we get to the place. I cant remember _ I have put my Iphone.3) 如不缺成份：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句用that引导，不能省略； 单个动词后面的宾语从句可省略引导词that； 介词宾从、第二个宾从，引导词that一般不省略； it作形式主语或宾语时，引导实际主从或宾从，一般that不省略； 当宾语从句本身为复合句时，引导词that不省略。 如：He told us sadly that what h

8、e had done secretly was discovered by his parents.4) 含宾从的复合句中，主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句的时态不受限制，根据实情，可用各种所需时态；如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的时态也应是过去的某种时态，但如果从句中表示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。 She asked the boys if they _(have) extra hats. He answered that he _(正在听我说话). The teacher said light _(travel) faster than sound. Fa

9、ther told me that practice _(make) perfect. I dont remember _(我们何时何地遇见过).5) 主语从句做主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。What引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数取决于表语。 Who will win the match _ (be) still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. Why he quit

10、 the job and where he will go _ (be ) unknown.When and where he was born _ (be)a secret.What he wants to tell us _(be ) not clear.What I need _ (be) a textbook.What I need _(be)30 textbooks.6) 当主句是I/We think（或suppose, expect, believe, imagine, guess）时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定的，常常把否定词not从从句中移到主句中。7) 只能用whether，不

11、能用if表示“是否”的情况如下：(1) 在表语从句和同位语从句中；(2) 在主语从句中，如果用it做形式主语，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，只能用whether (3) 在介词之后； (4) 后面直接跟动词不定式； (5) 与or not连用； (6) 引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。_there is life on the moon is an interesting question.The question is _ we should cut back on our daily expenses._ he will attend my wedding is st

12、ill uncertain.It is still uncertain _ he will attend my wedding.I have some doubt _ I will be admitted to Harvard University.Everything depends on _ we have enough money.Can you tell me _ to go or to stay?I wonder _ he will come or not._you come , I will come.8) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句常放在表示具体含义的名词后，解释名词

13、的含义或内容，该名词在从句中不充当成份；定语从句是对先行词限定和修饰，先行词在定语从句中充当成分。巩固练习：1. We should think carefully about _ Mr. Needham said at the meeting. A. that B. what C. which D. /2. _ you have seen things like these before doesnt matter. A. If B. Whether C. What D. When3. She took it for granted _ Id be back home an hour ago

14、. A. that B. whether C. if D. when 4. At that time I had no idea _ I could hand it to him without being seen. A. if B. how C. which D. that how5. Last Sunday he promised _ today, but he hasnt appeared yet. A. that he would come B. that he will comeC. he will come to see me D. whether he would come6.

15、 What a pity _ is _ you didnt arrive by daylight. A. there; because B. it; that C. he; when D. that; for7. Father made a promise _ I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary. A. that B. if C. whether D. that if 8. _ is the most useful invention? A. Do you think which of these B. Which

16、 of these do you thinkC. Which of these you think D. You think which of these9. -I believe _ youve done your best and _ things will improve. -Thank you. A. that; / B. /; / C. what; that D. /; that10. It depends on _ we have enough time. A. if B. if or not C. that D. whether 11. You will realize _ br

17、eaks the law will be punished. A. that those who B. that those that C. whoever D. those whoever12. I dont doubt _ he will come. A. that B. if C. what D. whether13. When and why he came here _ yet. A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not been known14. The city is no longer _. A.

18、 what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be 15. _ was the idea _ the wife thought of ? A. What; that B. That; what C. How; why D. Why; how 16. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that17. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether18. _ he really means is _ he disagrees wit