SENIORENGLISHGRAMMAR高级英语语法课件

1、HELLO,高考！ super SENIOR ENGLISH GRAMMARHELLO,高考！ superINDEX冠词名词名词性从句情态动词特殊句式形容词副词虚拟语气状语从句代词倒装定语从句主谓一致时态语态动词与动词短语非谓语动词INDEX冠词代词冠词不定冠词1表示“某一个”，相当于some，译为“一个”。Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons，please？请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？Sorry，we dont have a Johnson here in the village.对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。Each of the st

2、udents wanted to be a live Lei Feng.每位学生都想成为活雷锋。冠词不定冠词1表示“某一个”，相当于some，译为“一个2amost表示“很”“非常”。Qingdao is a most beautiful city.青岛是一个非常美丽的城市。2amost表示“很”“非常”。3序数词前一般加定冠词the 表示顺序，但序数词前可加不定冠词a(n)，表示“另一个；又一个”。Although he has failed twice，he would like to try a third time.尽管他已经失败了两次，但他还想再试一次。3序数词前一般加定冠词the

3、表示顺序，但序数词前可加不定4有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding 等是由其动词转化而来，它们后面加of.时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。Tom owns a larger collection of books than any other student in our class.在我们班中，汤姆收集的书最多。Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。

4、4有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection5不定冠词可用在形容词的比较级、最高级与序数词之前。“不定冠词形容词的比较级单数名词”表示“更的一个”；“不定冠词形容词的最高级”无比较意义。He went to the USA in search of a better life.为了寻找更美好的生活他去了美国。5不定冠词可用在形容词的比较级、最高级与序数词之前。“不定6不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。6不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。定冠词1与某些可数名词单数连用，表示一类人或事物。The camel is a very useful animal in

5、 desert.骆驼是沙漠中一种很有用的动物。定冠词1与某些可数名词单数连用，表示一类人或事物。2用在上文已出现过或说话双方都熟悉的事物前，表示特指意义。Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?你昨天玩得开心吗？Yes，as you know，the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。2用在上文已出现过或说话双方都熟悉的事物前，表示特指意义。3by表示具体单位的名词前要用定冠词。Surprisingly，in that bookstore，books are sold by th

6、e dozen.真想不到，在那个书店里书按打卖。Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.在大城市里，清洁工一般按小时计算薪水。3by表示具体单位的名词前要用定冠词。4用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修是不罕见的。4用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。零冠词或不加冠

7、词1系动词turn (变成)后的单数名词作表语，用零冠词。Has he turned scientist？他成为科学家了吗？After graduation from college he turned teacher (became a teacher)大学毕业后，他成了一名教师。零冠词或不加冠词1系动词turn (变成)后的单数名词作表3在独立主格结构中的某一形式中。The teacher came in，book in hand (with a book in his hand/holding a book in his hand/a book (held) in his hand)老师

8、进来了，手里拿着一本书。3在独立主格结构中的某一形式中。4man 意为“人类”，word 意为“消息”时，其前不用冠词。Air is to man what water is to fish.人离不开空气就像鱼离不开水。Word came that the Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in the World Cup.消息传来说中国女足在世界杯获得第二。4man 意为“人类”，word 意为“消息”时，其前不用5no 与such 连用时应放在such 之前，such后的名词不用冠词。No such thing has eve

9、r happened in this village.村子里从未发生过这种事。BACK5no 与such 连用时应放在such 之前，such后名词1具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。(1)difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事(2)experience 经验；an experience 一次经历(3)failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事(4)knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 对精通/熟知(5)success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功

10、的事(6)surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事(7)honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事名词1具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。The party last night was a success.We sang and danced until it came to an end.昨晚的晚会很成功，我们唱啊跳啊直到晚会结束。Losing the game was a difficult experience for her.对她来说，输掉

11、比赛是一种痛苦的经历。Failure is the mother of succe2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词Would you like some coffee？你想喝点咖啡吗？I would like a coffee and two beers.我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒 2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词1accident，incident，affair，event(1)accident “意外事件，偶发事件”，一般指(不幸的)事故，如车祸、天灾之类。(2)incident 多指较小的事件、小插曲或人生中所碰到的虽小但留下较深印象的平凡事情，也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件。(3)af

12、fair “事物，要事”，头绪繁多的事；恋爱事件。(4)event “大事”，也可指比赛项目。1accident，incident，affair，eveOne in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.七分之一的交通事故是司机困倦造成的。Three people were arrested in connection with the rockthrowing incident.3个人因与扔石头事件有关而被捕。The Prime Minister is busy with affairs of state.首相忙于政务。A daughters

13、 marriage is quite an event for a father.女儿的婚姻对父亲而言确实是件大事。One in seven accidents is cau2quantity，personality，quality，character(1)quantity 表示“数量”。(2)quality 既可以表示事物的“品质”，还可以表示人的“品德，素质”。(3)character 泛指性格，无所谓好坏，还可以表示“角色，文字，字母”。(4)personality 意为“个性”。2quantity，personality，qualityIts often less expensive

14、to buy goods in quantity，but youd better exam the quality before buying them.大量购物便宜，但是在购买之前你最好检测质量。(2009湖北卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for character.独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康。或许对意志的磨炼也有好处。Its often less expensive to 3condition，situation，state，position(1)condition

15、意为“条件，情况，状况”，其单数形式指人或物所处的状况，这时与state 意义相近，常可互换，但condition 还常指由于一定原因或条件造成的状态，如人的健康状况、物的完好程度、设备的可用性等。复数形式多指一般、笼统的情况。(2)situation 指某一时间由各种情况造成的“处境”“形势”。(3)state 指人或事物所处的状态或状况，常和condition 换用，此外，state 还常表示思想、感情、心理等状态。(4)position 指人或事物所处的位置，地位。3condition，situation，state，po(2009陕西卷)From their position on t

16、he top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.从他们在电视塔顶的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市。School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。Ive had no exercise for ages，and Im really out of condition.我好久不运动，身体欠佳。They were silent for a long time，in a state of

17、 painful hesitation and doubt.他们处于一种痛苦的踌躇与疑虑状态中，长时间相对无言。(2009陕西卷)From their position4power，strength，force，energy(1)power 主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可以指职权或政权。(2)strength 指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”；说物时，指“强度”。(3)force 主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。(4)energy 主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。4power，strength，force，e

18、nergyIts not within my power to help you.我是爱莫能助啊。A washing machine is a saver of time and strength.洗衣机省时又省力。The UN tries to limit the use of force in conflicts.联合国尽力禁止使用暴力。Youll need to apply all your energy to this job.你需要把全部精力投入到这项工作中去。BACKIts not within my power to h名词性从句名词性从句的几个难点that通常不可省略的三种情况

19、(1)引导主语从句，that置于句首时。That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.他考试不及格让父母很失望。名词性从句名词性从句的几个难点(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.我希望今年夏天我们能去杭州旅游，并在返程时在上海买些书回来

20、 (2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后(3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。He has made it clear that he wouldnt agree to the plan.他已清楚表明不同意这项计划。(3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，thatwhat和that在名词性从句中的区别 (1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing(s) that，引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数而定；what引导的从句可作介词的宾语从句。What he wants are

21、those books.他需要的是那些书。What he wants is some water.他需要的是一些水。A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一块废地的地方建造起来了。what和that在名词性从句中的区别 (2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义；引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾语从句时，常被省略；that从句一般不充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。That she will refuse t

22、he offer seems unlikely.(It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer.)她不可能拒绝那个建议。I have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out.我发现所有的票已售完。He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.除了有点粗心之外，他是一个好学生。(2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义；whether与if的用法比较(1)二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，

23、引导宾语从句可以互换。I dont know whether/if hell attend the meeting.我不知道他是否会出席会议。whether与if的用法比较(2)在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if。whether引导从句可以放于句首。Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他来不来都一样。(2)在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if。whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。The question whether he should join the team has not been decided up

24、on.他是否入队的问题还没决定。The question is whether it is worth trying.问题是这是否值得一试。whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。I havent settled the question of whether Ill lend him the money.关于是否借给他钱的问题，我还没最后决定。whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。whether后可以加不定式，if不可。He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是该结婚还是

25、该等待。whether后可以加不定式，if不可。可以说whether.or引导让步状语从句，“无论，不论”，if则不可。Whether it rains or snows，I dont care.无论下雨还是下雪，我都不在乎。可以说whether.or引导让步状语从句，“无论，不that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别(1)that 作为关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时常可省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，无实义，也不作句子的任何成分，一般不能省略。The news (that) he told me surprised me.(定语从句)他告诉我的消息让

26、我很吃惊。The news that he gave in surprised me.(同位语从句)他投降的消息让我很吃惊。that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别(2)能跟同位语从句的通常是抽象名词，常见的有belief(信念)，fact(事实)，idea(想法)，hope(希望)，doubt(怀疑)，news(新闻)，problem(问题)，order(命令)，decision(决定)，discovery(发现)，information(信息)，knowledge(知识)，opinion(观点)，truth(事实)，report(报道)，thought(想法)等，同位语从句用于说明这些名词

27、的具体内容。而跟定语从句的名词则范围广泛。(2)能跟同位语从句的通常是抽象名词，常见的有belief(The fact that the transport of the goods cost too much was not discussed.运费太高这一事实没有被讨论。We have strong belief that we will win the war.我们对能赢得这场战争抱有坚定的信心。We have some doubt whether they can come on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时来 BACKThe fact that the transport of情

28、态动词1shall(1)表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等，一般用于第二、三人称中，并用于陈述句。The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school unless accompanied by an adult.学校制度规定，除非有家长陪伴，任何孩子不准离开学校。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。情态动词1shall(2)用于征求对方的意见或指示，用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。Has Mr Wang

29、arrived?王先生到了吗？Yes，already.Shall he wait outside or just come in?是的，已经到了。他是进来，还是在外面等？(2)用于征求对方的意见或指示，用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。2must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)Smoking must not be allowed in the office.严禁在办公室吸烟。2must(2)表示“偏执”“固执”Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying?为什么在别人正学习的时候，你非得这么大声说话呢？(2)表示“偏执”“固执”

30、3should(1)表示预测可能性，并意为“可能，(按道理)应该”。Its nearly 7 oclock.Jack should be here at the moment.快7点了，杰克此刻应该在这儿了。(2)竟然，居然I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.我很惊奇你居然用那种口气说话。3should4would 与used towould 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，后面接表示动作的动词，不能接表示状态的词。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，强调现在已不存在。He would come to see us on

31、 Sundays.过去他经常星期天来看望我们。Our company used to do business with theirs.过去我们公司和他们的公司常有业务往来。4would 与used to5can 和could 的用法(1)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？(2)cannot.too/enough 表示“无论也不过分”“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.开车时越小心越好。5can 和could 的用法6will与would(1)表示自

32、愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would 用于过去的情况。I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he wont listen.我一再告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。(2008北京卷)John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he never smoked ever since.约翰答应医生不再吸烟了，并且从那时起他再也不吸烟 6will与would(2)will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have

33、 a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。(2)will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要7may 与might(1)“may as well动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”。You may as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。We may as well stay where we are.我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。7may 与might(2)may 作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must 作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。May I use your

34、car?No，you mustnt.(委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No，you neednt.BACK(2)may 作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用“mustnt”特殊句式(强调句型、省略、反意疑问句及其他)强调强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分 that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：(1)被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且通

35、常不能省略。It was in the park that I met him.我是在公园里遇到他的。It was in 1964 that the first telephone satellite was set up by the Group of 17 Countries.17国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在1964年。特殊句式(强调句型、省略、反意疑问句及其他)强调(2)被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？注意：当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。It

36、was I who put forward the theory first.是我最先提出这个理论的。(2)被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。(3)被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。(3)被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be

37、动词都用单数(4)对not.until时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not until.that从句，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导。It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。(4)对not.until时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型(5)强调句的疑问形式：When was it that he made up his mind

38、to take this course?他什么时候决定选修这一课程的？Why is it that he doesnt like the book?他为什么不喜欢这本书？Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？Who was it that broke the window？打破窗户的是谁？When was it that you called me yesterday?你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？What is it that you want me to do？你要我干什么？SENIOR-E

39、NGLISH-GRAMMAR高级英语语法(6)强调句型与It is/was时间when从句：在上述句型中it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.昨天当我到达这儿时，已是半夜了。 (6)强调句型与It is/was时间when从句：省略(1)状语从句的省略有些时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，而且从句的谓语

40、动词又包含be，就可以省略从句中的“主语be”部分。While (I was) in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall.在北京时，我去游览了长城。If (you are) asked，you may come in.如果被叫到，你可以进来。She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.她站在门口好像在等人。Though cold，he still wore a shirt.尽管冷，他仍穿着件衬衫。省略还有诸如：if so(如果如此)；if any(如果有)；if in need

41、(如果需要)；if necessary(如果有必要)。Errors，if (there are) any，should be corrected.如果有什么错误，就应当改正。Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.有可能的话明天来。Get up early tomorrow，if not (you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。He may not be at home then，if so (he is not at home)，leave him a not

42、e.那时他可能不在家，如果这样给他留个字条吧。SENIOR-ENGLISH-GRAMMAR高级英语语法(2)Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。Do you think it will rain?I hope not (that it will not rain)Do you believe our team will win?I guess so.(2)Im afraid，I think，I believ(3)不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在

43、be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边。I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.我请他去看电影，但他不想去。(3)不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to在have，need，ought，be going，used等后面。I didnt want to go there，but I had to.我不想去那儿，但我不得不去。在have，need，ought，be going，use在某些形容词glad，hap

44、py，pleased，delighted等后面。Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游戏吗？Id be glad to.我很高兴。在某些形容词glad，happy，pleased，deli如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have或have been。Are you a sailor？你是海员吗？No，but I used to be.不，但我过去是。如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保反意疑问句(1)陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句must作“一定，准是”讲，可首先将句子改为“I am sure that从句，

45、反意疑问部分的动词形式根据be sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。反意疑问句You must be hungry now，_？I am sure that you are hungry，arent you？You must be hungry now，arent you?你一定/可能饿了，是吗？You must have heard about it，_？I am sure that you have heard about it，havent you？You must have heard about it ，havent you?你一定/可能听说过这事了，是吗？You must ha

46、ve watched that football match last night，_？I am sure that you watched that football match last night，didnt you？You must have watched that football match last night，didnt you?你昨晚一定看足球赛了，是吗？(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语last night)SENIOR-ENGLISH-GRAMMAR高级英语语法(2)主句谓语动词think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine的主语为第一

47、人称时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；若他们的主语为第二、三人称时，后面的反问部分由主句来决定。I dont believe he will succeed，will he?我认为他不会成功，是吗？Tom doesnt believe Jack will succeed，does he?汤姆不相信杰克能成功，对吗？(2)主句谓语动词think，believe，suppose(3)祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句中的后半部分附加问句，不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：否定祈使句，will you?肯定祈使句，will/wont you?Lets.，shall we?Let

48、us.，will you?Let第三人称.，will you?Open the door，will/wont you？打开门，好吗？Lets go out for a walk，shall we？我们出去散步，好吗？Let us go home now，will/wont you?现在，(您)让我们回家，好吗？BACK！(3)祈使句的反意疑问句BACK！形容词和副词表示倍数的句型：(1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size，length，height 等)ofB(4)A is倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what 引导的名词性

49、从句形容词和副词表示倍数的句型：This building is three times higher than that one.This building is three times as high as that one.This building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.今年的产量是2008年的三

50、倍。This building is three times After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。After the new technique was i1“as形容词(a/an)名词as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an

51、art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。1“as形容词(a/an)名词as”表示同级比较，2“as形容词/副词的原级as”与“not as/so形容词/副词的原级as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。2“as形容词/副词的原级as”与“not as/so3“the比较级of the two 名词”表示“两者中较的那个”。The taller of the two boys is my b

52、rother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。3“the比较级of the two 名词”表示“两4a形容词比较级n.After two years research，we have a far better understanding of the disease.研究两年之后，现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。We went to the USA in search of a better life.为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。4a形容词比较级n.5比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a

53、great deal，by far，a bit 等。The students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前更努力了。A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。5比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，stil6最高级(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the lon

54、gest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。6最高级(2)否定词比较级最高级。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗？No

55、.It couldnt have been worse.不，不能再差了。(2)否定词比较级最高级。1形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。(2008北京卷)After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。1形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。2有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等He is old.He works hard，though.Though he is ol

56、d，he works hard.虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。2有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：thoug3有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。3有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obvio4can not/never

57、与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越越好。I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。You can never be too careful in the street.在大街上你越仔细越好。BACK！4can not/never 与enough 或too连用虚拟语气虚拟语气SENIOR-ENGLISH-GRAMMAR高级英语语法(1)若条件句中有were，had，should，可把i

58、f 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。Had you taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。(1)若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if (2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的

59、。(从句指过去，主句指现在)(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。Without electricity(If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。I was busy that day.Otherw

60、ise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语(1)在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise 劝告，demand 要求，desire 渴望，command 命令，insist 坚持，prefer 宁愿，urge 主张，or