英语时态种基本时态讲解完善版

1、英8种基本解一看法：英中表示不同样生的作或存在的状，需用不同样的形式表示，种不同样的形式称。二种：（基本）一般在一般去行家去行一般将来往将来在完成去完成三用法：1一般在：1）一般在表示常生或性的作或状及客和宽泛真理。一般在常以原形表示，但当主是第三人称数，尾加-s或-es。2）句型构：主.（包括be）Sheisanengineer.Hehasbreakfastat6:00everyday.3）注意：a)一般现在时平时与always,often,usually,everyday,sometimes,onceaweek等时间状语连用。IalwayswatchTVat8:00intheevening

2、.Theygohomeonceaweek.Weusuallydoourhomeworkathome.表客观现实或宽泛真理。Thesunalwaysrisesintheeast.Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.表永远性的动作或状态。Helivesinthecountry.4）第三人称单数变化形式。一般情况动词在词尾加-e-comesspeak-speakswork-workslive-livesb)以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.do-doesgo-goesfinish-finishesbrush-brushesfix-fixespass-p

3、asseswatch-watches以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.Study-studiescarry-carriescry-cries以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-s.play-playsstay-stays例句：我们每天夜晚九点做作业。我在清早七点半起床。他每天七点去上班。我们经常下午打篮球。他喜欢音乐。地球围绕太阳转。火车六点出发。5）否定句和疑问句。a)-Heisanengineer.-Heisntanengineer.-Isheanengineer?-Yes,heis./No,heisnt.b)-Wegetupat7:30inthemorning.-Wedontge

4、tupat7:30inthemorning.-Doyougetupat7:30inthemorning?-Yes,wedo./No,wedont.c)-Helikesmusic.-Hedoesntlikemusic.-Doeshelikemusic?-Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt.2一般去1）一般去表示生在去的作或存在的状，平时与表示去的状yesterday,lastnight,someyearsago,in1990,inthosedays.等用。Iwasastudent6yearsago.IwenttoBeijinglastyear.Theysawafilmlastnigh

5、t.2）句型构：主.去例句：昨天他很忙。昨年他抽烟了。两年前他去参军了。他在1990年去世了。3）否定句和疑问句。a)-Hewasbusyyesterday.-Hewasntbusy.-Washebusy?-Yes,hewas./No,hewasnb)-Hesmokedlastyear.t.-Hedidntsmokelastyear.-Didhesmokelastyear?-Yes,hedid./No,hedidnc)-Hejoinedthearmyin1990.t.-Hedidntjoinedthearmyin1990.-Didhejointhearmyin1990?-Yes,hedid./

6、No,hedidnt.4）动词过去式变化规则。一般情况下的词加-ed.work-workedcall-calledlaugh-laughedExplain-explainedfinish-finishedknock-knocked以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d.live-livedchange-changedsmoke-smokeddie-diedgraduate-graduateddrive-drove以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed.study-studiedcarry-carriedcry-criedtry-triedmarry-married以“元音字母y”结尾的单词

7、直接加-ed.play-playedstay-stayed以“一个元音字母一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母尔后再加-ed.stop-stoppedplan-plannedpat-patted动词不规则变化：do-didgo-wentcome-camerun-ranwrite-wrotebegin-begandrink-drankkeep-keptleave-leftsleep-sleptmake-madelie-laydig-dugeat-ateknow-knewcut-cutset-setlet-letread-readhurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了这本书。昨年我买了一辆自

8、行车。每天夜晚我听音乐。她平时待在家里。两天前我完成了这项工作。复习：I(be)ateacher2yearsago.He(be)astudentnow.He(do)hishomeworkathomeeveryday.They(join)thePartyin1998.We(noteat)applesyesterday.We(notplay)basketballeveryday.He(notgo)homeonceaweek.8)Iam16yearsold.(划部分提)9)Igotoworkat8:00everymorning.(划部分提)10)TheyjoinedthePartyin1990.(划

9、部分提)11)IwenttoBeijinglastyear.(划部分提)3一般将来表示将来生的作或存在的状，常与表将来的状tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextSunday,soon,inafewdays等用。句型构：主will/shallV.原形（第一人称用shall）IshallgotoShanghaitomorrow.Theywillhaveameetingnextweek.-Shewillbe20yearsold.-Willshebe20yearsold?-Yes,shewill./No,shewont.3)主will/shallV.原形be(am,is,a

10、re)goingtoTheywillhaveameetingnextSunday.(will=aregoingto)-WhatwilltheydonextSunday?-Whenwilltheyhaveameeting?4)beabouttoV.原形Iamabouttoleaveschool.不能够与表示时间的副词连用。Theyareabouttosetout.()Theyareabouttosetoutsoon.()复习题：1.He(do)hishomeworkatschooleveryday.2.They(finish)theirworkyesterday.3.We(visit)their

11、farmnextyear.我半小时后要吃午饭。他将骑自行车去学校。他下周日将去汽。4去将来1）去将来是立足于去某，从去的点看将要生的作或状。主要用于从句中。2）基本构：主+would/shouldwas/weregoingto+V.Hesaidthathewouldhaveameetingnextweek.(Hesaysthathewillnaveameetingnextweek.)Theysaidweshouldleaveschooltomorrow.(Theysayweshallleaveschooltomorrow.)原形+5行家1)行家表示在或在段正行家的作。平时与now,atpres

12、ent等状用。2)基本构：主+be(am,is,are)+v-ing+Youarelisteningtomecarefullynow.Sheiswritingaletterthisyear.Look!Theyaredancing.WearestudyingEnglishatpresent.Itsraininghardnow.3）动词现在分词的构成一般动词直接在词后加-ingdodoingread-readingworkworkingthinkthinkingstudystudyinggogoingwatchwatchingjump-jumping以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，应先去掉e尔后加in

13、glikelikingtaketakingleaveleavinglivelivingreceivereceivingdancedancingcomecomingsmokesmokingwrite-writing以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ingstopstoppingbeginbeginningdigdiggingswimswimmingrunrunningsitsitting(注意：listenlisteningopenopeningeateatingrainrainingsleep-sleeping)4)去行1）表示去某一刻或某段正行家的作，

14、平时与at6:00yesterday,atthis/thattimeyesterday,when引的状等用。2）基本构主+be(was/were)+v-ing+Itwasrainingat7:00thedaybeforeyesterday.Theywerebuildingareservoiratthistimelastwinter.Wewerereadingwhentheteachercamein.WewerentreadingWereyoureadingWhatwereyoudoingwhentheteachercamein.例句1.前天那个候Tom正在看影。上周日四点我正在游泳。看我我正在

15、玩扑克。I_(do)myhomeworkyesterday.He_(do)hishomeworkat5:00yesterday.He_(do)hishomeworknow.在完成1）1.表示去生的作在造成的影响2表示去某已开始素来持到在的作或状平时与以下状用uptonow,inthepast,recently,by,for5years,since1994,sofar,already,yet,ever,just2)基本构主+have/has+P.P(去分)Ivefinishedthiswork.HehaseverbeentoAustralia.Ihavenotheardfromherrecent

16、ly.Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.Haveyouread?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavent.Whathaveyouread?去分的构成（化同去式的构成）不化以下dodiddonegowentgoneeatateeatencomecamecomehavehadhadwritewrotewrittenbewas/werebeenseesawseenhearheardheardswimswamswumdrinkdrankdrunkgivegavegivenforgetforgotforgottentaketooktakenkeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsl

17、eptteachtaughttaughtbuyboughtboughttelltoldtoldmakemademadecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadletletlet4）注意1.含有停止意义或暂短意义的动词不能够与for,since引导的一般时间状语连用。（buy,begin,die,come,go,join,leave等）A)Ihaveboughtabook.Ihaveboughtabookfor3day.(wrong)Ihavehadabookfor3years.Hehavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(wrong)Hehasbeeni

18、nthearmyfor3years.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.Hehasbeendeadfor3years.Hedied2yearsago.Itis2yearssincehedied.Hehasdiedfor2years.(wrong)HehasgonetoAustralia.HehasbeentoAustralia.2.现在完成时与一般过去时的差异（时间状语的差异）I_(hear)formherrecently/yesterday.例句：他已了本。我到目前止已学了两千个。他居住在中国三年了。他看部影两次了。Bob自从1997年在所学校授课。去完成1）表示作生在去某一从

19、前已完成的作或状，“去的去”，常与bythetime,bytheendof,before,by等引的状用。也就是用来表示生在去的两个事件作中哪一个生在前2）基本构主+had+去分+WhenIgottothecinemayesterdaythefilmhadbegunalready.昨天当我到达影院影已开始了。HehadlearnedEnglishbeforehecamehere.他来儿从前已学会英了。Hehadaughtthisclassfor3yearsbythetimeIlefttheschool.当我走开个学校止他已教个班三年了。BytheendoflasttermIhadlearned2000Englishwords.到这学期末我已学会了2000个英语单词。注意:hadbeen是连续性动词，与段时间连用；had是非连续性动词，与点时间连用。Ihadbeenworkinginlondonforoneye