ACCA F8 新审计报告,修改

1、ACCA F8新审计报告，修改之后的审计报告发生了哪些重大的变化！THE NEW AUDITORS REPORT 新审计报告Releva nt to F8 and P7在2015年之后，国际审计委员会(IAASB)，对有关审计报告的审计准则进行了修 改和增加，包括ISA570持续经营和其他一些国际审计准则(ISA)。参加F8和P7考试的考生需要对审计报告相关的审计准则有深入的理解，这些 修改之后的和新增的审计准则将加入到2016年9月之后的考试内容。考生需注意：修改之后的审计报告发生了重大的变化。这篇文章的内容主要包括新准则ISA 701 CommunicatingKey Audit Matt

2、ers in the Independent Auditors Report的要求，ISA701和其他审计报告相关准则(ISA 705 and 706)的关系，以及修改之后的ISA 570 Going concern的一系 列新要求。针对这些变化，对考生提出了以下这些要求：描述审计报告中的元素根据案例给出恰当的审计意见理解什么情况下需要有Emphasis of Matter or Other Matter paragraph”判断哪些情况下，审计报告中需要包含Key Audit Matters(KAM) 在F8和P7考试中，考生不需要去起草一份审计师的报告，但会要求考生解释 为什么给出 unm

3、odified opinion，或 modified opinion，或为什么要有 Emphasis of Matter paragraph。F8 考生需对 revised ISA 700,Forming an Opinion and Reporting onFinancial Statements有深入的理解，可以识别和描述审计报告中的元素。P7考生需学会判断一笔交易或者一系列交易或者事项是否是关键审计事项(KeyAudit Matters)考试中也会给出一个审计报告中的一部分内容，让考生去评价是否给出了恰当的 审计报告。因此针对考纲中这部分相关内容，考生必须要有深入的理解，这部分 内容确实

4、有一定挑战性。KEY AUDIT MATTERS(KAM)(新加入的内容)2015 年 1 月，IAASB issuedISA 701,Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditors Report要求所有上市公司遵循该准则。ISA 701要求审计师：判断哪些事项是Key Audit Matters在审计报告中沟通KAM关键审计事项定义：关键审计事项(KAM )是审计师根据职业判断，认为对本期财务报表审计最为 重要的事项。关键审计事项需向治理层沟通。DETERMINATION OF KAMISA 701准则第八段中，关键审计

5、事项的定义是那些需要和治理层沟通的事项。 与治理层讨论之后，审计师进行评估和判断，在审计过程中需要特别注意的事项。以下是三点判定标准：依据 ISA 315(Revised),ldentifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement throughUnderstanding the Entity and Its Environment.评估出的容易出现重大错报的地方或识别出的重大风险财务报表中涉及重大管理层判断(可能包括具有高度不确定性的会计估计)的领 域本期发生的重大交易或事项对审计的影响审计师必须确定哪些事项对财务报表的影响是最

6、重大的，这些将被视为KAM。COMMUNICATING KAM审计师判定的KAM,必须确保在审计报告中恰当地描述每个事项，包括：为什么被判定为KAM该事项在审计中是如何应对的REPORTING IN LINE WITH ISA 570,GOING CONCERN考试中可能会要求考生识别出一个公司不能持续经营的迹象，或者给出一个 sce nari o,要求考生给出适当的审计意见。可能会出现这种情况：根据题目的描 述，考生给出的审计意见是持续经营具有重大不确定性，董事们应当作出适当的 披露，对于这种情况，新准则提出了新的要求。修改之前的ISA 570,GoingConcern要求:如果审计师的结论

7、是持续经营假设是恰当的，但是存在重大不确定性，那么需要 在财务报表中做到充分披露，在审计报告中紧接着意见段，需加入1Emphasis of Matter paragraph”参照财务报表中的相关披露进行说明。即使存在重大不确定性, 只要做到了充分披露，审计师需强调审计意见还是unmodified opinion。针对这种情况，修改之后的ISA 570(Revised),Going Concern发生了变化：1、审计师依然给出 unmodifiedopinion，Emphasis of Matter paragraph 已经不 需要了，但是要在审计报告中加入一部分Material Uncerta

8、inty Related to Going Concern，这部分内容包括：关注财务报表中对于重大不确定性的披露声明针对持续经营的重大不确定性，审计师的意见仍然是unmodified opinion。2、MaterialUncertainty Related to Going Concern这部分内容是在 Basis for Opinion paragraph 之后，并且在 KAM paragraph 之前。如果财务报表中没有做到充分披露，依照ISA 705，审计师需修改审计意见。与持续关注有关的问题可能被认为是关键的审计事项，因此需要在审计报告中进 行沟通。如果审计师已经确定了对持续经验的质

9、疑，但没有审计证据确认存在不 确定性存在，这“close call”依照ISA 701,这种情况叫做“close call”，需要进行 披露。这是因为当审计师给出没有重大不确定性的结论时，他们可能会判定一个 或多个和这个结论相关的事项是关键审计事项(KAM )。例如：持续的经营损 失、借贷、融资去还债，或贷款协议违约等等。总结:如果确认存在重大不确定性，必须依照ISA570进行充分披露。如果出现close all”，被审计师判定为KAM,必须依照ISA 701进行充分披露。Example-unm odified audit opinion but material un certa inty

10、exists in relati on to going con cer n and the disclosures are adequateReport on the Audit of the Financial Statements(extract)Opi nionIn our opinion,theaccompanying financial statements present fairly,in all material respects,thefi nan cial positi on of the Compa ny as at 31 December 2015,and its f

11、inancialperformance and its cash flows for the year then ended in accorda nce withI nter natio nal Finan cial Report ing Stan dards(IFRSs).Basis for opinionWe con ducted ouraudit in accorda nce with In ter nati onal Stan dards onAuditi ng(ISAs).Ourresp on sibilities un der those sta ndards are furth

12、er described in the AuditorsResp on sibilities for the Audit of the Finan cial Stateme nts section of our report.We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requireme ntsthat are releva nt to our audit of the finan cial statements in Farland,andwehave fulfilled our other ethical

13、 responsibilities in accorda nce with theserequireme nts.We believe that the audit evide nce we have obta ined is sufficie ntand appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.Material un certa inty related to going con cer nWe draw attention toNote 6 in the financial statements,which indicates that

14、 the Compa ny in curred anet loss of$125,000 duri ng the year en ded 31 December2015 and,as of thatdate,the Company，s current liabilities exceeded its total assets by$106,000.As stated in Note 6,these eve nts or con diti on s,al ong with other matters asset forth in Note 6,indicate that a material u

15、ncertainty exists that may castsignificant doubt on the Company，s ability to continue as a going con cer n.O urop inion is not modified in respect of this ma tter.Key audit mattersKey audit matt ers arethose matt ers that,i n our professi onal judgme nt,were of most significance inour audit of the f

16、inancial statements of the current period.These matt ers wereaddressed in the con text of our audit of the finan cial stateme nts as a whole,a nd in form ing our opinion there on,and we do not provide a separate opinion on thesema tters .In additi on tothe matt er described in the Material Un certa

17、inty Related to Going Con cer nsecti on,we have determ ined the matt ers described below to be the key auditma tters to be com muni cated in our report.In clude adescripti on of each key audit matterAPPLICATION OF ISA 701 WHEN A QUALIFIED OR ADVERSE OPINION IS ISSUED当审计师给出modifiedopinion时，修改后的ISA705

18、(Revised)要求：审计报告中包括 Basis for Qualified/Adverse Opinion section。当审计师给出qualified or adverse opinion时，审计报告中扔然要包括关键审计 事项 KAM section。当审计师给出adverse opinion,意味着财务报表不是真实公允的呈报，错报是 重大且普遍的，这时审计师认为除了这些，没有其他的重要审计事项（KAM） 了，审计报告应如下所示：Example-Qualifiedexceptforop in io n issued but no key audit mattersThe audit o

19、fTurquoise In dustries Co has bee n completed and the auditor discovered amaterial amount of research expe nditure which had bee n capitalised as anintan gible asset in con trave nti on of IAS 38 Intan gible Assets.Thefi nan cedirector refused to derecog nise the research expe nditure as an intangib

20、le assetand include it in profit or loss and the auditor therefore issued a qualifiedexceptforop inion on the basis of disagreeme nt with the entity，s accountingtreatment for research expenditure.The auditor hasc on cluded that there are no KAM which require to be com muni cated in the auditreport.T

21、he KAM secti on of the report will therefore be as follows:Key audit mattersExcept for the matter described in the Basis for Qualified Opi nion sectio n,we have determ ined that there are no key audit matt ers to com muni cate in our report.When the auditor hasexpressed an adverse opinion on the fin

22、ancial stateme nts and com muni cates KAM,it is importa nt that the descripti ons of such KAM do not imply that thefinancial statements as a whole are more credible in light of the adverseop inion.DISCLAIMER OF OPINION ISSUED 当审计师发表disclaimer opinion时，意味着审计师拒绝发表意见，这时审计报 告中不应该包括KAM paragraph。EMPHASIS

23、 OF MATTER AND OTHER MATTER PARAGRAPHS修改后的 ISA 706(Revised)仍然保留了 Emphasis of Matter and Other Matter paragraphs，IAASB认为在一些特定情况下：与Emphasis of Matter paragraph相比，KAM section可以提供更多的信息。判定为 KAM 的事项，不能包含在 Emphasis of Matter paragraph or an Other Matterparagraph o IAASB 强调 Emphasis of Matter paragraph 不是 K

24、AM 的替 代品。如果KAM被判断为fun dame ntal to usersu ndersta ndi ng,那么审计师需要在 KAM section具体说明它的重要性。如果被审计师判断为fun dame ntal to usersu ndersta nding,但又不是KAM,那么 需要包含在 Emphasis ofMatter paragraph o对于被审计师判断为fun dame ntal to usersu ndersta ndi ng的事项，首先要判断 是否是KAM,如果是KMA,那么要在KAM paragraph详细说明它的重要性，如果 不是 KAM,那么要包含在 Empha

25、sis of Matter paragraphADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CANDIDATES ATTEMPTING P7(INT)P7的考生需要学会判断哪些事项是KAM,学会讨论审计报告中KAM的内容。以下是一些典型的KAM举例:IMPAIRMENT TESTING ON GOODWILL（goodwill 减值测试）IFRS 3,Bus in essComb in atio ns requires goodwill to be tested for impairme nt at each report in gdate and the annual impair

26、me ntt est may be regarded as a KAM where the carry ing amount of goodwill ismaterial.Impairme nt tests are in here ntly complex and judgme ntal and therefore man ageme nts assessme nt process mayalso be a KAM.EFFECTS OF NEW IFRSS （新会计准则的影响）New acco un ti ngsta ndards may be in troduced by the In te

27、r nati onal Acco unting Stan dards Board（such as IFRS 15,Reve nue from Con tracts with Customers）that will in volve amaterial cha nge of acco unting treatme nt.Forexample,IFRS 15 requires theapplicati on of a new framework in respect of reve nue recog niti on,and hence theimpleme ntati on of IFRS 15 may give rise to the new accounting requirements becoming a KAM as theywill impact on the report ing en titys finan cial positi on and performa nee.VALUATION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS,AND OTHER ASSE