什么可以做主语、谓语、宾语

1、一、什么是主语？主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物什么可以做主语？名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词、短语、从句。名词作主语 David arrived last night. 大卫昨晚到达。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。 A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.月饼是一种美味的，圆的饼干。The first truck is carrying a few baskets.第一辆拖拉机正在搬运一些篮子。The temperature will stay above zero.温度将会保持0度以上。代词作主语 Who

2、is speaking, please? （在电话中）请问您是谁？ That is OK. 这没问题。 It is a young forest.它是一片年轻的森林。I do not know if it will grow.我不知道它是否会生长。That is a bit expensive.那是有一点贵。You had better buy a new pair.你最好买一双新的。It 作主语，有如下情况：1)指代刚刚提到的事物：Whats this ? Its a bus. (指代what)2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人：Whos knocking the door? Its m

3、e. (指代 who)Whos the baby in the picture? Its my sister. (指代 who)3) 表示时间，天气，距离：Whats the time? Its eight oclock. (时间)Whats it going to be tomorrow? Its going to be rainy.(天气)How far is it? Its about one kilometre away. (距离)数词作主语 Two will be enough. 两个就够了。 Two-thirds of the workers are women. 三分之二的工人是

4、女工。 One and two is three.一加二等于三。One is not enough for me. I want one more.一个不够对于我，我想再要一个。动名词形式作主语 Skating is good exercise. 溜冰是很好的运动。 Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time. 从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。 不定式作主语 （常以 Its adj. to do sth. 形式出现）To translate this ideal into reality ne

5、eds hard work. 把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。 To give is better than to receive =It is better to give.给予比获取好。It is difficult to get to sleep.入睡困难。Its glad to see you again.很高兴再次见到你。It was difficult to see.难于看见。 Its good to swim in summer.夏天游泳很好。名词化的形容词作主语 The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.

6、在我们国家，盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。 The unemployed usually lead a hard life. 失业的人生活一般很困难。 短语作主语 How to do well is an important question. 如何把这件事做好是一个重要问题。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起身体好。 从句作主语 What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。 Whether well go depends on

7、 the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。 There be 句型中，be 作谓语，主语位居其后。如：There are many different kinds of mooncakes.有许多种月饼。There will be a strong wind.将有一阵强风。二、什么是谓语？谓语部分,是针对主语而言的。通常用来描述主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语的构成简单谓语由一个动词（及物动词或者不及物动词）或 HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=7732799 t /_blank 短语动词构成的谓语,就是简单谓语。不管这些 HYPERLIN

8、K /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=277426 t /_blank 谓语动词是什么时态, HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=7568978 语态,语气,都是简单谓语。助动词有am, is , are, was, were, be, been, being, did ,do ,does, have, has , had, will, would, shall, should.We come （不及物动词）我们来了 (一般现在时态主动语态) My pet disappeared。（不及物动词）我的宠物失踪了。(

9、一般过去时主动语态)The sun rises.（不及物动词） 太阳升起来了。(一般现在时态主动语态) The door opened.（不及物动词） 门开了。(一般过去时主动语态)The plane took off（不及物动词） at seven oclock. HYPERLINK /sowiki/%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA?prd=content_doc_search o 飞机 飞机已在7点起飞.(一般过去时主动语态)Jack was seen to swim across the river. 有人看到 HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?l

10、emmaId=128823415 t /_blank 杰克游过河了.（一般过去时态被动时态)We HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=7551313 t /_blank study（及物动词）English. 我们学习英语。 (一般现在时态主动语态) I like（及物动词） flowers.我喜欢花。(一般现在时态主动语态) She has（及物动词） a book. 她有一本书。(一般现在时态主动语态) She hates（及物动词） you. 她讨厌你。(一般现在时态主动语态) My sister cooked（及物动词） dinner.

11、 我妹妹煮饭。(一般过去时主动语态)We plant（及物动词） trees in spring every year. 我们每年 HYPERLINK /sowiki/%E6%98%A5%E5%A4%A9?prd=content_doc_search o 春天 春天都种许多树.(一般现在时态主动语态) There is (系动词)a dog in the park. 公园里有一只狗。(一般现在时态主动语态) There are (系动词)four birds in the sky. 天空中有四只鸟。(一般现在时态主动语态) There sat （不及物动词）a scientist among

12、the students. 学生中间坐着一个科学家。(一般过去时主动语态)There lies （不及物动词）a big river between the two towns. 这两个村庄之间有一条河。(一般过去时主动语态)We are coming.（一般现在进行时）我们正在来，我们将要来。She is leaving.（一般现在进行时)她正要离开。You are learning English.（一般现在进行时）你正在学习英语。It is done by me. （一般现在被动时态) 我做的它。You are to explain this.(命令的语态）.你必须解释这事。He is

13、to go to New York next week.(一般将来时态） 他下周要去纽约。I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)2、复合谓语由两部分构成1）、情态动词+不带to的动词 HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=141116 不定式。情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to , shall, should, will, would, dare, need, ought to, used to.I wont do it HYPERLIN

14、K /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=67625879 t /_blank again.。我不会再做它I will go and move away the bag。我会移走这个袋子的。、助动词+不带to的动词不定式。 What HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=67616531 t /_blank does this HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=607218 t /_blank word mean? 这个单词是什么意思？You had better H

15、YPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=7908224 t /_blank catch a HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=64658414 t /_blank bus. 你最好乘坐公交车。I do not like bananas.我不喜欢香蕉。、连系动词+表语。连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系，不宜分割。系动词有 am, is , are, was, were.名词作表语This is a book. 这是一本书。 She is a doctor. 她是一个医生。数词作表语You are sev

16、en. 你是七岁。 Two and three is five.二加三是五。形容词作表语She is beautiful.她是漂亮的。 He is clever. 他是聪明的。The weather has turned HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=64939339 t /_blank cold. 天气已经变冷了. You HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=75075384 t /_blank look the same. 你(们)看起来一样.I feel good . 我感觉好。 I

17、 am feeling good. 我现在感觉好。 副词作表语You are there.你是在那儿。 She is out. 她是在外面。He is away.他离开了。 He have been away. 他已经离开了。 He must have been away. 他一定已经离开了。介词作表语 介词短语作表语You are on duty. 你在值日 Everything is in good order.每件事都安排就绪了。She is in good health.她身体健康。 My HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=61803

18、67 t /_blank pen is in my bag. 我的 HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=214407 钢笔在我的书包里。动词的现在分词形式作表语It is surprising. 它是令人惊讶的。 动词的过去分词作表语I am surprised. 我感到惊讶的。 I felt HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=64799398 t /_blank tired all the time. 我整天感到疲惫.You are well prepared. 你是很好的准备了的。动名词作

19、表语Your task is cleaning. 你的任务是做清洁。What I like most is swimming. 我最喜欢的是游泳。My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。动词不定式作表语His job is to feed the animals. 他的工作是喂动物。Our aim is to hold the Games. 我们的目标是举办运动会。All I could do is to wait. 所有我能做的是等待。从句作表语The question is whether he will come or not. 问题是他来不来。The

20、problem is how many people will come. 问题是有多少人会来。His suggestion is that we should stay clam. 他的建议是我们应该保持冷静。That is what he is worried about. 那是他担心的事。That is where he was born. 那是他出生的地方。三、什么是宾语？宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。名词作宾语I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。 She is watching T

21、V. 她正在看电视。代词作宾语We like him.我们喜欢他 She find it.她找到了它。数词作宾语Give me four. 给我四个。动词不定式作宾语We all like to go to school. 我们都喜欢去上学。动名词做宾语。We all like swimming.我们都喜欢游泳。从句作宾语I think he is right.我认为他是正确的。四、什么是定语？定语是附加在主语或者宾语的前面，用来修饰或限制主语、宾语的词或词组。名词作定语I like cotton goods. 我喜欢棉织品 I like my history teacher. 我喜欢我的历史

22、老师。 She has the telephone number.她有电话号码。代词作定语His book is on the desk. 他的书是在他的书桌上。 Her pen is in the bag. 她的笔是在包里 she eats my apple.她吃苹果。数词作定语She has seven apples. 她有七个苹果 I have two ducks.我有两只鸭子 He eats three eggs.他吃三个苹果。形容词作定语I have a golden watch. 她有一个金色的手表 She has a big room 她有一个大的房间。 he likes bea

23、utiful city.他喜欢漂亮的城市。介词短语作定语Think of the people in need of help. 想一想需要帮助的人们。 动词不定式作定语He wants water to drink.他想要水喝She has a child to take care of .她有一个孩子要照顾。He has on friend to depend on .他没有朋友依靠。动的ing 形式做定语I have a swimming pool. 我有一个游泳池。He is cleaning the reading room.他正在打扫阅览室。Give me some writing

24、 paper.给我一些书写纸。过去分词作定语We are drinking polluted water.我们正在喝被污染的水。We need qualified workers.我需要合格的员工。从句作定语He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个父亲是医生的朋友。I like the book whose color is yellow. 我喜欢黄色的书。The boys who are playing football are from class one .正在打篮球的男孩们来自一班。Mr liu is the person whom

25、you talked with on the bus.刘先生就是那个你和他在公交车上说话的人。This is the pen which he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的笔。五、宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语什么是宾语补足语？名词作宾补She found him a very clever boy.她发现他是一个非常聪明的男孩。I called her Jenny.我叫她珍妮。We elected Yangling our monitor.我们选杨林做我们的班长。形容词作宾补I found the movie interesting。我发现这个电影有趣。She has her

26、 hands blank。她使她的手变黑。副词作宾补I followed him in .我跟随他进去了。I saw you out .我看见你出去了。介词短语作宾补I found everything in good condition.我发现每件事都有条不紊。She found herself in a different world.她发现自己在一个不同的世界。They acknowledged him as their chief。 他们选他做他们的班长。动词的ing 形式做宾补He saw a girl getting on the tractor. 他看见一个男孩上了拖拉机。I h

27、ear someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。She feels the cold wind blowing on her face. 她感觉冷风吹他的脸。动词的过去分词作宾补I must get my bike repaired. 我必须使我的自行车被修理。I found the girl beaten black and blue. 我发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块的。动词不定式做宾补The teacher told us to do Excercise 1。这个老师让我做练习1I want both of you to go.。我想你们两个都去。I like you to keep everything tidy。我喜欢你保持每样东西都整洁。什么叫状语？表示句子的八个状态：时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度。名词作状语Wait a moment.等一会儿。It can go all day and all night.它能每日每夜运转。副词作状语She studies hard.她学习努力。I am very tired.我很累。Suddenly it began to rain. 突然，天开始下雨了。How b