Chapter14-Political-Parties-and-Groups-当代-英国-概况-课件

1、 Chapter 14 Political Parties and Groups Chapter 14 Chapter 14Political Parties & GroupsHow many main political parties are there in the United Kingdom today? What are they? Which party is currently in power, and which party in opposition? (P232)What are the major beliefs of the Conservative Party a

2、nd of the Labour party? (PP233-4)What do you think are the main political values held by the British public? (P236)What do you think are the functions of pressure groups? (P237)Apart from voting in the General and Local Elections, what are some other means for ordinary people to participate in natio

3、nal or local politics? (P238)Chapter 14Political Parties &Main Partiesthe Conservative Partythe Labour Party the Liberal Demacrats Main Partiesthe Conservative Chapter14-Political-Parties-and-Groups-当代-英国-概况-课件Chapter14-Political-Parties-and-Groups-当代-英国-概况-课件Other smaller national parties Alliance

4、PartyCooperative partyDemocratic Unionist PartyLiberal Party Plaid Cymru Scottish National PartyUnited Kingdom Unionist Party Social Democratic and Labour PartyUk Independence Party10/2/2022Other smaller national partiesThe multi-party system The multi-party system : more than two parties with some

5、impact on a states political life No guaranteed absolute majority for any partyA healthy political rivalryThe multi-party system The mulBeliefsGovernment: to protect or to provideIndividual: imperfect & deserving constraints or worthy of social backup Fairness: fair chances for personal development

6、or fairness in the sense of equality BeliefsGovernment: to protect BeliefsThe Tory thought:Take but degree away, untune that string, | And hark, what discord follows (Shakespeares Ulysses, Troilus,I. iii. 109). BeliefsThe Tory thought:Beliefs (Conservative)Government: central control, a strong legal

7、 systemmore police, school discipline Free-market: lower taxesWelfare provision: cleaner hospitalsNationalism: controlled immigrationBeliefs (Conservative)GovernmeBeliefs (Labour)Government: work together, nationally and internationally; (more opportunity, more growth: trade deals, help offered to p

8、oor countries, to stimulate domestic economy ); take action, not to let recession run its course New measures: banking reforming, policing, crime reduction, public services, etc.Fairness: fair chances for all; fair rules Beliefs (Labour)Government: woComparison of Manifestos1997 (P235)ConservativeTo

9、 protectMinimum government interferenceEconomy to take lessLabourTo provideGreater government interferenceEconomy to give moreComparison of Manifestos1997 Comparison of Manifestos2001 (P235)ConservativeLabourHealth ability to pay, willingness to payHealth needEducation individual libertyEducation na

10、tional scheme/plan Law & Order implemention of lawLaw & Order tougher measuresEurope nationalism Europe internationalismOverall aim individualism, libertyOverall aim greater equalityComparison of Manifestos2001 Election Manifestos 2005Labour ManifestoYour family better off Your child achieving more

11、Your children with the best start Your family treated better and faster Your community safer Your countrys borders protected Conservativemore police, cleaner hospitals, lower taxes, school discipline, controlled immigration and accountabilityElection Manifestos 2005LabourParty in powerthe Labour Par

12、tyin powerThe 1997 election campaign saw the Tories in decline, the new Labour wonOn 7 June 2001 Tony Blair led Labour to a second successive victory in a General Election, winning by another landslideIn June,2005 a third victory for Labour the Conservative Partyin oppositionParty in powerthe Labour

13、 PartyChapter14-Political-Parties-and-Groups-当代-英国-概况-课件Public Opinion & Voting BehaviourWhy did Labour lose 1992 elections?All caring issues such as social welfare, NHS, education and unemployment Taxation and keeping inflation down Key Issue at the election: pound in your pocket; greater economic

14、stability and more opportunity to consumePublic Opinion & Voting BehaviWhy did Labour win 1997 Election?Internal reforms, eg, reduction in trade union powerNew Labour by the more modernising Blair - notably, abandonment of Clause IV of its constitution in 1995, termination of the party commitment to

15、 state ownership .Acceptance of market economics, low inflation and interest rates, cuts in taxation, spending and welfare; tough law and order especially for juvenile offenders (like Conservative policies)New, radical proposals for constitutional reform Why did Labour win 1997 ElectiPARTY %OF VOTES

16、 CASTMEMBER ELECTEDLabour43.2418Conservative30.7165Liberal Dem16.846Others9.330Total100.0659General Election Result,1997PARTY %OF VOTES CASTMEMBER ELEPARTY %OF VOTES CASTMEMBER ELECTEDLabour40.7413Conservative31.7166Liberal Dem18.352Others10.328Total100.0659General Election Result,2001PARTY %OF VOTE

17、S CASTMEMBER ELELabour VictoryParty-Seats-Seats Change (since 01)-% VoteLabour-336- -77-35.2Cons-197- +31-32.3LibDem-62- +10-22Other-30- +3-10.5Labour VictoryParty-SeatsChapter14-Political-Parties-and-Groups-当代-英国-概况-课件Pressure GroupsAn organised group that does not put up candidates for election, b

18、ut seeks to influence government policy or legislation interest groups, lobby groups or protest groupsThousands of themPressure GroupsAn organised gPressure GroupsTo influence decisionsA variety of different methodsTo inform legislators of its members preferencesTo give money or time to help with an election campaign To threaten to vote as a bloc To speed up legislation by writing bills and helping legislators make progressive agreements To influence members of the executivePressure GroupsTo influence dPressure GroupsIncrease participation and access to the political system - e