英语不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词

1、非谓语动词 语法讲解Wuxun High SchoolNon-finite1非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式Gerund 动名词Participle 分词Non-finite2Structure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定):not to doPassive voice:3(1). 主语 Subject不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.It is + a pl

2、easure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.Non-finiteis important to get enough sleep at night41.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习15(2). 表语 PredicativeMy job

3、isYour task _(努力学习).is to study hardNon-finiteTo see is to believe.to teach you English.6These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to doNon-finitelike to domanage to do7think considerfind make feel

4、形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 巩固练习28The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 宾补 Complement五看

5、watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等. Non-finite医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.+ sb to do9I made him do his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb

6、 be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改错: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work10(5). 定语 Attributive (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books

7、to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.（没有什么可担心的）a room to live in11I

8、came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.表目的2.表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.Non-finite121._ late in the morning ,

9、 Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题巩固练习2翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In 1935 he left home never to return.131. 作主语2. 作表语3. 作宾语4. 作宾语补足语5. 作定语6. 作状语在句中承担的成分:14主动语态被动语态进行式完成式完成进行式Tense and Voice （时态与语态） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have bee

10、n doing-15(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)161.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read2. Do let your m

11、other know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told巩固练习3173. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonder

12、ful cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave18who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始

13、。My question is when to start.(表语)Non-finite不定式与疑问词连用:19关于省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? A. Id like to B.Id like to go Yes, _.Non-finiteA.Id like to be. B. Id like to.Yes,_.201. -Did you get a job?

14、 - No, I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to巩固练习421不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.(1). She could do

15、nothing but _ .(cry)(2). I have no choice but_. (go)(3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep)cryto goto dosleepNon-finite22Exercise23 (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We

16、 find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told 241. (MET92 14) -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. tryi

17、ng to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding254. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cle

18、aned 3. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 265. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been

19、studying6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make277. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. The mother didn

20、t know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 289. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it of

21、f D. having turned it off2911. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 12. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3013. Lit

22、tle Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to make31Assignment:1.Review what we have learned about infinitive.2.Do all the exercise in the paper.32不定式作定语时，应

23、放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do. (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come. (3)同位关系We all have a chance to go to college.33固定句型:had better+ (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事Why (not) do sth.?prefer to do/prefer doingprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bprefer + to d

24、o A rather than (to) do Bwould rather (not) do sth.would rather do A than (do) Bwould rather + 句子（过去式） （虚拟语气） 要做34注意以下几种情况不定式的用法*在the first, the second，the last和only之后，只能用to do。 如：He was the last to leave the classroom *如果understand，realize, know用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用to do。 如：I began t

25、o understand the truth*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用in order not to do或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seen*so as to do一般不放在句首。

26、()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning35My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.explained B. to explain C. being exp

27、lained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. beingBDC364.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.learned B

28、. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it offBDC377.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by

29、the customers.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyBA389. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.expected B.

30、tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go BDB3912._ a living, she

31、 had to work from morning till night.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being readAAC40Exercise411. Robert is said _ abroad,

32、 but I dont know what country he studied in.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in m

33、y new job.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects424. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.it what to do with B

34、. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 437. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ h

35、ere but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to4410. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eati

36、ng not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having inven

37、ted4513. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D.

38、not to make461.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you9. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.10. How to solve this prob

39、lem is very important.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）独立成分和疑问词连用47Gerund一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing二. 时态和语态主动语态被动语态ing 一般式完成式makinghaving made(不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语48三. 在句中承担的成分:1. 作主语2. 作宾语3. 作定语4. 作表语49Collecting information is very important to business.1.

40、作主语:Seeing is believing. e.g.-What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. LosingKey : _DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappy50对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。Crying over the spilt milk is no use.It is no use crying over the spi

41、lt milk.类似的还有：It is no good doing sth.It is no use doing sth.51I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作宾语: Vt. Prep.+doing52下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：admit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, con

42、sider, cant help, 等。如:1） 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗? Would you mind my smoking here ? 2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴. The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3） Good news keeps coming. 53 下列V.+prep.通常用ing形式作宾语,尤其注意介词toe.g. insist on, prevent from, depend on, feel like, be fond of, succeed in,

43、 be proud of, excuse for , apologize for, look forward to, object to , be used to, be opposed to, etc. Prep. 后通常用ing形式作宾语.e.g. The boy stood still without _ (dare) to raise his head because of _ (break) a vase.daringhaving broken54to do 和doing 的区别:remember to do remember doingforget to do forget doi

44、ngstop to do stop doinggo on to do go on doingtry to do try doingregret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing55注意: 动词如： permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider 有不同的用法:V + sb to do sth & V + doing sthe.g. ：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.Please permit me to introduce myself to

45、you firstYou surely cant consider him to be a selfish manMy parents forbid me to stay out after mid-nightI allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.56advisepermitallowadmitforbidconsider doing sth.e.g. ： The little boy admitted having broken the glass.They shouldnt allow park

46、ing in the street ; its too narrow.I forbid smoking in my houseWe do not permit smoking in the office573.作表语My hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.His job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.动名词现在分词584.作定语:a walking stickA swimming poolA sleeping car区别The

47、walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态59Gerund的逻辑主语:Tom insisted on coming to the party.Tom insisted on my coming to the party.我几乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋.I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.60动名词表示被动意义:在动词或词组need, want, require,

48、be worth, deserve, etc. 后的动名词表示被动意义:Your composition needs improving.Your composition needs to be improved.The book is worth reading a second time.The book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.61非谓语动词 语法讲解Wuxun High SchoolNon-finite62非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式Gerund 动名词Participle 分词Non-fini

49、te-ing 分词-ed 分词63 -ing分词(以make为例 )-ed 分词主动语态被动语态一般式完成式主动语态被动语态一般式 完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeXXX64分词在句中承担的成分:由于分词具有形容词性和副词性,在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语. 成份类别主语宾语定语表语补语状语现在分词过去分词651.作定语-the sun which is rising-ing分词和-ed分词修饰名词有前置位&后置位.1. the rising sun 2. He is a retired worker.-He is

50、a worker who has already retired.e.g.3. The problem bothering us is the lack of money.4. These are goods imported from Japan. 前置位:后置位- The problem (which is) bothering us is the lack of moneyWhats the difference between -ed and ing participle?-ing分词表示“进行” -ed分词表示“完成”-ing分词表示“主动”-ed分词表示 “被动”主动进行被动完成在

51、时态上:在语态上:- These are goods (which were) imported from Japan. 66Exercises : The _(work) people have played a great role in the activity. I dont like _(can) food , I prefer something fresh . workingcanned1. 站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。The girl_ by her mother looked very timid. 2. 最近到处在议论的话题都与2008年奥运会有关。 The to

52、pics _ everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008 .who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being discussed67Whats the difference?1. The topics being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008. to be discusseddiscussed进行完成将来2. The topics _(discuss) at to

53、morrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.3. The topics _ (discuss) at yesterdays meeting was about the Olympics 2008.68巩固练习一用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spy2)A man_ (respect) others will be respected3)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference wer

54、e foreigners.4)The matter _(discuss) is very importantbeing questionedrespectinginvitedbeing discussed695.被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。 The boy was sent to the hospital immediately.6.每天给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人.The man every day is a retired worker .injured by the cardelivering mails to my office70The glass is broken.Th

55、e food smells inviting .2.作表语What he said sounds_ (convince). He was _(interest) in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest)convincinginterestedinteresting这道菜香味怡人。Please fill in the blank with the verb given：使信服71类似情况还有：surprising surprised, exciting excited, tir

56、ing tired , disappointing disappointed, encouraging encouraged ， amazed amazing , bored boring , pleasing pleased, astonishing astonished. -ed 分词Sb. + Link.v + -ed分词-ing分词 Sth. + Link.v + -ing分词 人的感觉事物本身的特点72巩固练习二用所给动词的-ed 或ing形式填空：1)The journey was quite_(tire)2)The result of the exam made me _ (di

57、sappoint)3)This was really an _moment(excite)4)His _look suggested that he didnt understand it(puzzle)5)He seemed quite _at the idea. (delight)6)The present situation is _(encourage)tiringdisappointedexcitingpuzzled delightedencouraging73They caught him cheating in the mid-term examinationHe was cau

58、ght cheating in the mid-term examination.You cant leave the workshop with the machine running.3.作补语1.宾语补足语2.主语补足语3.介词宾语补足语74Fill in the blank:1.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly _.(clean)2.Last night I saw him _(play) the violin with his eyes _(shut).“被动”“主动”More exercisescleanedplayingsh

59、ut“被动”75I heard my sister _ that song in English outside. (sing) They once heard the song _ in English. Mother heard her kid _ the door . Mother heard the door _. (open)With the test _(finish), we began to analyze the result.We _ during our last meeting.我们留下了很多问题没解决.Would you please speak louder so

60、as to _? A. make you hear B. make yourself hear C. make you heard D. make yourself heardleft a lot of problems unsolvedDsingingsungopeningopened巩固练习三finished76分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语,而句子本身可与状语从句等句型转换。4.作状语771.When we heard the news, we jumped with joy. = He