初中英语知识点小结

1、初中知识点归纳小结一、how many问多少 问的是可数名词 how much问多少 但是问的是不可数名词how long问的可以是时间长度多指过去用for+时间段how soon问的是是将来的时间有多少in+时间段how soon will you be back? in a weekhow often问频率用once a week, three times a day这样的回频率副词和短语有often, sometimes, usually，once/twice/three times a week等。How often do you visit your grandma? 你多久去看奶奶

2、一次？二、besides, except, except for, but表示“除外”之间的区别 1. besides表示“除了以外，还有”，具有附加性质。如： Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了） 注意：besides用于否定句中时，与except, but同义，可互换。如： We have no other books besides / except these. 2. except表示“除外”，具有排它性质。如： We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.（王先生没去）

3、3. except for表示“除了”，即表示除去整体中的一部分。如： The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 4. but意为“除了”，与except同义，except强调被排除的部分，but则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词。如：Nobody knew it but me. 三、have been to 曾经去过某地，现在已不在那里，已返回。have been in在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在。has gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，说话人不再此地四、延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动

4、作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。例:He has lived here for 6 years. You c

5、an keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。它可用于现在完成时态,但由于动作是瞬时间完成的所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrive等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：

6、two years ago; at 5 oclock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 week。两者的转换leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be on+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth - keep

7、 sth open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear；catch a cold have a cold,get married-be married等

8、。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days.例如：When he arrived the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes.A .has left B. had