计算机常用英文名词

1、Software engin eeri ng软件工程Codi ng编码Software life cycle软件生存周期test ing测试System engin eeri ng and an alysis系统工程与分析Maintenance维护Software requireme nt an alysis软件需求分析Requireme nt an alysis需求分析Backgro und study背景研究Software desig n软件设计Maintain able desig n可维护性设计Data-drive n desig n数据驱动的设计Top-dow n function

2、al desig n自顶向下的功能设计Module test ing模块测试Un it test ing单元测试Boun dary con diti on边界条件In tegrati on testi ng综合测试，集成测试。Function test功能测试。Performa nee test性能测试。Validated system确认了的系统Accepta nee test验收测试Debuggi ng调试Error correct ion纠错In stallati ontest安装测试Software quality assura nee软件质量保证Software sta ndard软

3、件标准Verified system经验证的系统Docume ntati on文档（编制）Desig n review设计评审High-levl docume ntati on高级文档（编制）Detail docume ntatio n详细文档（编制）Software maintenance软件维护Telecom muni cati on protocol远程通信协议Performa nee man ageme nt性能管理Operati onal software操作软件File inq uiries文件查询On li ne inq uiries联机查询DP(data process ing

4、)数据处理Office automati on办公自动化Data process ing数字处理Word process ing字处理Text process ing文本处理Facsimile传真Desktop publishi ng桌面出版Video conferencing电视会议技术Art gallery艺术画廊Me nu菜单，选单Toolbar工具条intranet内联网Hyperli nk超链接Web page网页Spreadsheet电子表格Browser浏览器Prese ntati on演示（文稿）view视图，查看Pane窗格database数据库Database man ag

5、eme nt system(DBMS)数据库管理系统Man ageme nt in formatio n system管理信息系统User用户Structured query Ian guage(SQL)结构化查询语言Tran sacti on-SQL事务SQLClie nt/server客户-服务器Utility实用程序Platform平台Applicati on program in terface(API)应用程序接口Data access object(DAO)数据访问对象In tegrated developme nt en viro nmen t(IDE)集成开发环境cascadi

6、 ng级联Debugger调试器Editor编辑器Icon图标Data warehouse数据仓库In formati on tech no logy(IT)信息技术Decisi on support决策支持Operati onal data操作数据Platform平台Tran sacti on事务（处理）Distrbuted system分布式系统In frastricture基础设施Clie nt客户Mass storage大容量存储器、海量存储器Data refresh数据刷新Information pool信息库Iterative approach迭代方法Database recove

7、ry数据库恢复Programmi ng Ian guage程序设计语言Declarative Ian guage说明性语言Imperative Ian guage命令式语言Algorithm算法Functional Ian guage函数（式）语言Toke n令牌Dataflow Ian guage数据流语言Logic or con stra in t-based Ian guage逻辑或基于约束的语言Prepositi onal logic前置逻辑Goal-directed目标导向的Stateme nt语句Expressi on表达式assig nment赋值Von n euma nn Ia

8、n guage冯诺依曼语言Object-orie nted Ian guage面向对象的语言Con curre nt la nguage并发式语言In structi on指令Operati on code操作码Oprrand操作数Mnemon ic助记的Symbolic address符号地址Assembler汇编程序，汇编器Source program源程序Object program目标程序High-level la nguage咼级语言Macroin structi on宏命令complier编译程序Program flowchart程序流程图Module模块Macrochart宏流程

9、图Microchart微流程图Subrouti ne子例程Programmi ng con trol structure编程控制结构Seque nee structure顺序结构Selectio n structure选择结构Loop structure循环结构Structured program ming结构化程序设计Reusability可重用性Even t-drive n program ming事件驱动的程序设计Object-orie nted program ming面向对象的程序设计Procedure过程ide ntity标示，身份En capsulati on包装，封装Data

10、hidi ng数据隐藏In herita nee继承性Polymorphism多态性Portable可移植的ANSI美国国家标准学会Excepti on异常Breakpo int断点Watch point查看断点Debugger调试程序，排错程序robust鲁棒，稳健，健壮Job man ageme nt作业管理Resource man ageme nt资源管理Job queue作业队列Input/output control system(IOCS)输入输出控制系统Batch system批处理系统Time-shared operati ng system分时操作系统Offline oper

11、ati on脱机操作Real-time system实时系统Bufferi ng缓冲技术Spooli ng system假脱机系统Multiprogram ming多道程序设计File文件Sin gle-level directory单级目录File system文件系统Acyclic graph directory非循环图目录Lin ked allocati on链接分配In dexed allocati on索引式分配Tree-structure directory树结构目录Logic record逻辑记录Volume卷Con tiguous allocati on接续分配Two-leve

12、l directory树结构目录Desktop operati ng system桌面操作系统Loadi ng bala ncing负载均衡Symmetric multi process in g(SMP)对称式多处理Encrypting file system(EFS)加密文件系统Virtual private network(VPN)虚拟专用网Quality of service(QoS)服务质量New tech no logy file system(NTFS)NT文件系统Public key(PK)公钥Dyn amic doma in n ame system(DDNS)动态域名系统T

13、otal cost of own ership(TCO)总拥有成本Con curre ntly并发地System call系统调用Tape drive磁带机In terpreter解释程序Modem调制解调器File文件Termi nal终端Directory目录Multiuser多用户Subdirectory子目录Multitask多任务Redirect ion重定向Divice-i ndepe ndent（与）设备无关的Source code源代码Kernel内核In formati ong process ing信息处理Hardware硬件Main memory主存储器Cen tral

14、process ing un it(CPU)中央处理器bus总线Gen eral-purpose mach ine通用（计算）机Microcomputer微型计算机Special-purpose mach ine专用（计算）机In structi on指令Mai nframe主机，特大型机Set of in structi ong指令集，指令系统Even-parity偶校验Odd-parity奇校验Parity check ing奇偶校验Con trol unit控制器，控制部件Arithmetic and logic un it(ALU)算术/逻辑部件register寄存器Mach ine

15、Ian guage机器语言Cache高速缓冲存储器，高速缓存Magn etic disk磁盘Main memory主存储器Paged virtual memory页式虚拟存储器Ran dom-access memory(RAM)随即（访问）存储器Read-o nly memory(ROM)只读存储器Compace disk ROM(CD-ROM)只读光盘Disk drive磁盘驱动器Floppy disk软磁盘Magn etic tape磁带Register file寄存器组Real memory(storage)实存储器Late ncy等待时间Hard disk硬（磁）盘Code con v

16、ers ion代码转换Memory-mapped I/O存储器映射I/OIn errupt中断Path通路，路径Multiprocessor多处理器Direct memory access(DMA)直接存储器存取Channel信道，通道Bufferi ng缓冲Accumulator累加器Peripheral外围，外围设备Load装入，加载synchronous同步的asynchronous异步的Adapter适配器Distributed分布式（的）Timi ng定时，同步Chip-H- LJL 心片polli ng轮询Un io n并Set algebra集合代数In tersect ion交

17、Vertex顶点Edge边Graph图loop环Gen eralizati on概括，推广In duct ion归纳法An alogy类比Recurs ion递归Matchi ng匹配Algorithm算法Reduced in structi on set computer(RISC)精简指令系统计算机Pipeli ne流水线Complex in struct ion set computer(CISC)复杂指令系统计算机Mach ine cycle机器周期Microprocessor微处理器In tegrated circuit(IC)集成电路Prototype原型un iprocess i

18、ng单处理（技术）parallelism并行性throughput吞叶量Resource shari ng资源共享Thread线程Symmetric对称的Asymmetric非对称的Master processor主处理器Slave processor从处理器Computer performa nee计算机性能Ben chmark program基准程序CAD(computer-aided desig n)计算机辅助设计CAM(computer-aided manu facturi ng)计算机辅助制造CAE(computer-aided engin eeri ng)计算机辅助工程Product cycle产品周期Feasibility可行性Qualitative定性的Iterati on迭代Data redu ndancy数据冗余ERP(e nterprise resource pla nning)企业资源计划feedback反馈Video game视频游戏Render渲染Resolutio n分辨率Pattern模式Vector矢量，向量Template模板Dummy虚化Laser prin ter激光打印机Pen plotter笔绘仪Compressi o