最全介绍英语构词法课件

1、Grammar构词法 (Word Formation)高考英语语法总复习If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word, just go on reading! Guess the meaning! How ? When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word Formation to help us,

2、 but the context(上下文，语境) is also very important.How ?1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless.3. A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet根据构词法猜词 首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。小结dis+honest 不诚实的speech+

3、less 说不出话的pick+pocket 扒手How ?构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding) 转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation） able unable; teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v. visit n.Do it yourself. DIY合成词 Compoundpain-killer止痛药color- blind色盲sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker一、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted 把两个或两个以

4、上独立的词合成一个新词。合成词汇展厅一.合成名词二.合成动词三.合成形容词四.合成副词五.合成代词合成名词 seafood; 名词代词名词greenhouse;形容词名词handwriting;名词+动名词（V-ing）waiting- room;动名词+名词pain-killer名词+动词(er/or)pickpocket;动词+名词turn-off动词+副词output副词动词afternoon介词副词名词合成动词构成方式.名词动词overcome; 构成方式1副词动词whitewash构成方式形容词动词sleep walk;合成形容词snow-white名词+形容词English-spe

5、aking名词现在分词man-madehigh-class;形容词名词light-blue形容词形容词good-looking形容词现在分词warm-hearted形容词名词+edsecond-hand数词名词hard-working副词现在分词well-known副词过去分词underground介词名词名词过去分词合成副词however; 构成方式1副词副词anywhere; whatever构成方式1代词副词downstairs; upstairs构成方式3副词名词anyway形容词名词合成代词something; everything; nobody; someone; anybody

6、构成方式： some/any/no+thing/one/body1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the _ _ could control it.2) At school she formed a close _ with several other girls. 3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _.4) He put on a hat and _ before he went out.5) They often perform in the streets for the _.6) Im

7、 sure you will be _ soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1. Make compound words after the models. A: passer, well, sea, fire, over, friend, B: by, known, side, fighter, coat, ship, Model: part + time = part-time2. Fill in the blanks with the words above. Never trouble troubl

8、e until trouble troubles you.二、转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来n. 味道It has a good taste.It tastes very good.handn.手v.递送wrong adj.错误的n.错的事We always walk hand in hand.Please hand me the book. There is something wrong with the car. He didnt know the difference between right and wrong .cleanadj. 干净v.清扫Please k

9、eep tidy and clean.You have to clean the blackboard after class. 名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词 telephone电话打电话slow 慢的放慢front前面前面的down 向下击倒hand手 交给warm 暖的使温暖black 黑色黑色的back向后后退record 录音记录 empty 空的倒空noble 贵族高贵的up 向上提高date 日期 定日期better 较好 改善key 钥匙 关键的name 名字 命名cool 凉爽 使冷face 脸 面对 动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名

10、词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词 drink 喝饮料perfect 使完善完美的 chief 主要的首领the wounded受伤的人们 study 学习书房fit 适合 适合的first 第一的 第一个the blind盲人们look at have a look at wrong 错误的 错 误the beautiful美丽的东西 转化法例释说出红色单词的词性1. Jim dreams of being the best football player in England. 2. Please stop here, and it is the bus stop3. The coach

11、was questioning the team members about their practice conditions4. Whos guarding that building? 5. The car slowed down to half its speed6. Dont use too cold water to water flowers7. The old in our village are living a happy life. 派生法 Derivation派生法前缀后缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀加前缀： happy - _happy 加后缀：

12、 develop - develop_既加前缀又加后缀： employ -_employ_unmentunment三、派生词（derivation） 注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化 trans- -graph tele- super- co- vis- bio- sub- -port- carry see below life together/with more than usual far across writingMatch the prefix or suffix with the meaning.部分前缀：re-(重新)rewrite, r

13、econsider, reuseminiskirt, minibusmini-(微小)semicircle, semi-finalsemi-(半, 部分)antiwar, anti-Japanese waranti- (阻止, 抗)underground, under-developunder- (在下, 在中)表示时间和其他关系的前缀前 缀意 义用 法例 词re-表示：再一次，重新用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(= again)renew,续借 reborn, rebuild, reappear, retellfore-表示：时间或位置的“在前面”加在动词或名词前(= befor

14、e)foresee, foreleg, foretell预言, foreknow预卜pre-表示：在前、事先、预先加在名词或形容词前(=before, in front, in advance)prepay, prewar, preschool, prehistorypost-表示：时间和顺序的“在后边”加在名词或形容词前(= after, behind)post-war, post-graduatea-表示：在 之上， 向， 在里加在动词或名词前，构成派生形容词、副词或介词asleep, along, aloud, , alive, acrossco-表示：联合、共同加在名词或动词前co-w

15、orker, coexistco-own, co-ownerinter-表示:“互相”、“在一起”加在名词、形容词前构成动词(= between, among)interchange, internationalmid-表示：中间加在名词前(= middle)midday, midnightsuper-表示：高级、在之上加在名词前(= above, over, upon)superpower,超级大国，superstructure上层建筑常见的否定前缀中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了这个词

16、的原来意义。前 缀意 义用 法例 词un-不，未（= not) 加在形容词或副词前unhappy, unnecessary, unexpected, unusual, , 相反动作加在动词前uncover, untie, unlock, undressin- ，il-im-，ir-不， 非， 无加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前 incomplete, impossible. impolite, irregular, inability, dis-表示否定加在名词或形容词前dishonour,羞辱 表示相反加在动词前dislike, disbelieve表示分离剥夺除去加在名词或动词前disch

17、arge,排出 dismiss解雇 mis-表示错、误加在名词、动词或及其派生词前mistake, misfortune,不幸 misunderstanding误解试练：合成新词un-否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non- understand politesmokeragreefairvisible Guess the meaning of the underlined words1.Many countries import most of the oil they use.2.He studied biophysics at college.3.It is very importa

18、nt to learn how to cooperate with others.4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train.5.My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is to become a superstar.进口生命物理合作运输明星 Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?1. over- : too muchoverwork , o

19、vereatabove sth; across overcoat, overheadSome important prefixes: The trains are _ on Friday evenings. (crowded)overcrowded He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en- 动词前缀enable, endanger, Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrichSome important prefixes: SUFFIX 2) 后缀: (1) 构成名词： (2) 构成形容词: (3) 构成

20、动词:(4) 构成副词:(5) 构成数词:-er, -ese, -ist, -ian,-ment, -tion, -ness, -th.buyer, Chinese, socialist, musician agreement, collection, illness, truth-al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less national, American, careful, exciting, cloudy, useless-fy, -is (z)e: beautify, realize-ly: badly-teen, -ty, -th thirteen, sixty

21、, twelfth表示人和物的名词后缀后缀意 义 用 法例词 表示人 -er从事职业的人，做的人，地方的人加在动词、名词、形容词上teacher, workerlearner, -or 与-er同义外来后缀，加在外来词上visitor, conductoreducator, translator-eer从事于.的人用于外来词engineer, volunteermountaineer-ess女.的加于名词后，表示阴性actress, waitress-ician.(专)家，.工作者加在以-ic结尾的名词或形容词上physician, politicianmusician-ist从事.职业的人，

22、从事某种.文艺、学术的人，.主义者加在名词上，或 ize 结尾的动词上，或以-al结尾的其它词上artist, socialistcommunistphysicist表示物-er表示从事某工作的物加在动词和名词或复合词上washer,洗衣机 -or表示从事某工作的物加在动词上conductor,导体，用 法例 词表示“人”，加在动词上listener, adviser, speaker, writer, driver, teacher, worker, singer, leader, waiter, runner, discoverer, explorer, maker表示“人”，加在名词上b

23、anker, , officer, lawyer, prisoner, geographer, joker, 表示“人”，加在某些地点名词或某些形容词Londoner, New Yorker, villager, Britisher, southerner, foreigner, outsider, stranger表示“人”，加在复合词上housekeeper,管家, looker-on,旁观者 表示“物”，加在动词上washer, boiler, container, lighter,打火机drawer, 表示“物”，加在名词上steamer,蒸笼washer, 表示“物”，加在复合词上l

24、oudspeaker,既表示 “人”也表示“物”，加在动词上fighter,战斗机printer,打印机印刷者 recorder, ruler后缀-er 构词能力抽象名词和集合名词的后缀-agemarriage, luggage, postage邮费 -urefailure, temperature, pressure, pleasure, -itymajority, opportunity, -mentargument, statement, achievement, amusement, equipment -ismcommunism, criticism, internationalis

25、m, socialism -anceappearance, entrance, -domkingdom, wisdom, freedom-ydifficulty, discovery, bravery, machinery-alarrival, refusal, disapproval, -nesskindness, illness, brightness, selflessness, correctness-shipcitizenship, friendship, professorship, hardship, comradeship-hoodchildhood, brotherhood,

26、兄弟情谊，-thstrength, growth, length, wealth, truth-erybravery, slavery, chemistry, surgery, machinery后缀为-ion的名词规 则例 词几乎所有以-ate结尾的动词在变为名词时首先去掉e再加-cate/education, liberate/liberation, translate/translation,graduate/graduation, separate/separation, operate/operation多数以-t结尾的动词直接在词尾加-ion,少数以-te结尾的动词首

27、先去掉e再加-ion.act/action, invent/invention, inspect/inspection, elect/election, select/selection, connect/connection, collect/collection, instruct/instruction, devote/devotion, pollute/pollution多数以-ss结尾的动词直接加-ion.discuss/discussion, oppress/oppression, express/expression, possess/possession多数以-de结尾与少数以

28、-d结尾的动词先把-de或-d变成-s再加-ion.decide/decision, divide/division, provide/provision, invade/ invasion, expand/expansion, extend/extension以-mit结尾的动词，先把t变成-ss,再加-ion.admit/admission, commit/commission,承诺permit/permission, transmit/transmission转交多数以-fy结尾的动词先把y改成i再加-cation,少数以-efy或-fy结尾的动词先去掉y再加-action.satisf

29、y/satisfaction, modify/ modification,修改 有些动词不是加-ion,而是加-ition, -tion, -ation或-sion而变成名词，其中有些词根因读音关系而发生了变化。add/addition, attend/attention, absorb/absorption, describe/ description, produce/production, reduce/reduction, solve/ solution, determine/determination, explain/explanation, found/ foundation,

30、observe/observation, transport/transportation形容词后缀后缀意 义用 法例 词-able可/能的加在名词或及物动词后valuable, horrible, -al有. 性质的加在名词后natural, technical, actual-ant, -ent.的加在外来动词词干上important, pleasant, excellent -ic, -ical.性质的，与.有关的加在外来词干的名词上atomic原子, electric,电动 basic基本的 -ish稍带.的，. 气的，.民族的，. 语的加在名词或形容词上用于民族国家地名之上fever

31、ish, childish, bookish书呆子English, Spanish-ive有.倾向的/性质的加在动词上instructive,教育性 expensive-ful充满.的， 引起. 的加在名词或少数名词上thankful, powerful, tearful-less无/不.的，不能.的加在名词或动词上homeless, harmless, wireless-ous充满.的，有.特性的加在名词上dangerous, famous, nervous-y有/多. 的，想.的加在名词上cloudy, sunny, funny, sleepy-ed有.的， 有.特征的加在名词或动词上ti

32、red, interested, learned博学 -en由.构(制)成的加在物质名词上wooden, earthen, woolen-ern.方的加在表示方位的名词上eastern, western, southern -ly有.性质的，.形状的加在名词或形容词上yearly, daily, orderly, lively副词后缀后缀用法及意义例词-ly加在形容词之后表示某种状态cheerfully, slightly, simply, possibly, excitedly表示某个方面economically, technically表示程度或范围 completely表示时间recen

33、tly,表示次序firstly, secondly表示方向eastwardly, northwardly-ward-wards加在名词或副词后，表示“向.的”forward, backward, upward,downward, toward, northward, afterward 动 词后 缀意 义用 法例 词 -ate表示：使成为，成为.， 处理， 使化合见于外来词，由外来词根组成，不能活用educate, translate, imitate, calculate, operate, hesitate, -en表示： 变为，使为，变为有，使有加在形容词上，有时加在名词上，通常构成及物

34、动词darken, weaken, deepen, sharpen, frighten, strengthen-fy表示：使成为，使.化加在名词或形容词上，构成及物动词和少数不及物动词beautify, uglify, satisfy, terrify, electrify, purify-ish表示： 使.,令.大多是从法语输入的词， 不能构成新词finish, accomplish, punish, publish, astonish-ize-ize表示： 使成，变成，.化加在名词或形容词上，构成及物动词或少数不及物动词modernize, democratize民主化revolution

35、ize, realize, sympathize3） Write out the original words.unchangeable adj. _ dislike v. _ impossibility n. _ unfriendly adj._overwork v. _ misunderstanding n. _athletic adj._ misread v. _translator n. _ changelike possiblefriendlook understandathletereadtranslateI. 构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀dis-, un-, in-或im-,

36、构成意思相反的词。1. agree _2. complete _3. healthy _4. important _5. able _6. cover _ 7. known _8. practical _9. tidy _10. perfect _11. visible _ 12. fit _disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover / uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitPractice (II): rain(形容词) _ agree(反义)_ natio

37、n(形容词)_ farm(人)_ recent(副词)_ friend(形容词)_ hope(形容词)_ back(形容词)_ visit(名词)_ home(形容词) _ eight(序数词)_ true(名词)_ America(形容词)_ China(形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese Fill the table with the different forms of the words

38、.NounverbAdjectiveAdverbamusementamuseamusingamusinglyadmitimaginesettleequipattractadmissionadmissibleadmissiblyimaginationimaginativeimaginativelysettlementsettledequipmentequippedattractionattractiveattractivelycorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossi

39、blepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义Words Buildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduat

40、egraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义Words Buildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtit

41、lealwayssidewaysn教育 表达O独立的rootadj残疾的n不可能的OnSSn误解root大学生rootn地下的地下通道地铁副标题总是四、缩略法（ Abbreviation ）DVVIPSOSWWWDigital VideoVery Important PersonSave Our ShipWorld Wide WebBTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTUL by the way be right back face to face I see I seek you.我找你 Are you OK? thanks talk to you later1. He was on

42、e of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)2. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! (happy)3. It snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)4. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent)players happily heavily inventor inventions 构词法精练 Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.5. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）6. We want _ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)7. Please give me some reference work. It will _ my task. (simple)8. The boy had the _ of