2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号29

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题They were forced to（ ）on necessities in order to make their limited supplies last the longish winter.问题1选项A.skimpB.exhaustC.stingyD.count【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项skimp “克扣，对不够用心”；B选项exhaust“使精疲力尽，耗尽，彻底探讨”；C选项stingy“吝啬的，小气的，

2、有刺的”；D选项count“总数，数数”。句意：他们被迫在生活必需品上_，以使有限的物资能够度过漫长的冬天。根据后文说“有限的物资”，可以看出他们的物资缺乏，因此是“被迫在必需品上锱铢必较”，因此A选项符合题意。2.单选题As peoples living standards improve, the health and beauty business is（ ）with more sophisticated products than ever before.问题1选项A.astonishingB.flourishingC.exaggeratingD.diminishing【答案】B【解析

3、】考查形容词辨析。A选项astonishing“令人惊讶的”；B选项flourishing“繁荣的，繁茂的”；C选项exaggerating“夸张的，夸大的”；D选项diminishing“逐渐缩小的，递减的”。句意：随着人们生活水平的提高，健康和美容行业正（ ），产品比以往任何时候都更加精致。这里表达的意思是“美容行业正在繁荣发展”，因此B选项符合题意。3.翻译题Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there

4、are many undeserving richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often dont satisfy the

5、ir rising wantsfor bigger homes, more healthcare, more education, faster Internet connections.【答案】人们常说只有富人在进步，而其他人保持原样或落后。确实很多富人不配给那么多钱如薪水过高的主管人员。不过任何一段较长的时间后，大部分人的收入会提高。从 1995年到2004年，除去通胀因素，家庭平均收入提高了14.3%，达到了43200美元。人们感觉“财政困难”，因为增长的收入常常不能满足越来越高的需求房子更大、医疗更完善、教育更优质、网络连接更快捷。4.单选题During the 19th centur

6、y further advances were made, notably Bessemers process for（ ）iron into steel, which made the material more commercially viable.问题1选项A.alteringB.varyingC.convertingD.transforming【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项altering“变更”；B选项varying“相异，（根据情况）变化”；C选项converting“使改变，皈依”；D选项transforming“转化，发生巨变，发生巨大变化”。句意：在19世纪取得了进

7、一步的进展，特别是将铁_为钢的贝西麦工艺，使这种材料更具有商业可行性。这里表达的意思是“将铁转化为钢”，因此D选项符合题意。5.单选题Unable to defend themselves, some Asian countries were once（ ）the mercy of the imperialist powers.问题1选项A.inB.onC.toD.at【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析。A选项in“在里”；B选项on“在之上，向，朝”；C选项to“朝，位于”；D选项at“在”。句意：一些亚洲国家由于无法自卫，一度听凭帝国主义列强的摆布。这里考查的是固定搭配on the mercy

8、 of“任由摆布，听的指令”，因此C选项符合题意。6.单选题We need someone really（ ）who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.问题1选项A.crucialB.realisticC.essentialD.efficient【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“重要的，决定性的”；B选项realistic“现实的，现实主义的”；C选项essential“基本的，必要的”；D选项efficient“有效率的，有能力的”。句意：我们需要一个真正（ ）人，他能组织好办公室，使之顺利运作。通过句意可

9、以看出，这个所需要的人应该是“很有效率的”，因此D选项符合题意。7.单选题When I emerged from the telephone box, I came face to face with a little man, who was looking as（ ）as a stray dog.问题1选项A.humbleB.patheticC.dreadfulD.merciful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项humble“谦逊的，简陋的”；B选项pathetic“可怜的，悲哀的”；C选项dreadful“可怕的，糟透的，令人不快的”；D选项merciful“ 仁慈的，慈悲的，宽

10、容的”。句意：当我从电话亭出来时，迎面遇到一个小个子男人，他看上去像一只流浪狗一样（ ）。这里表达的意思是男人像流浪狗一样可怜，因此B选项符合题意。8.单选题On the coast the weather is（ ）with day after day of hot sunshine, in the mountains however the air cools quickly and until the end of June you can still find snow on the mountain tops.问题1选项A.funnyB.interestingC.romanticD.

11、fantastic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项funny“有趣的”，B选项interesting“令人感兴趣的”，C选项romantic“浪漫的”，D选项fantastic“极好的；极出色的”；句中搭配修饰天气，因此应该是“很好的天气”，因此D选项符合题意。句意为：海岸的天气非常好，每天都有炎热的阳光，但是在山上，空气很快就变凉了，直到六月底，山顶上仍然可以看到雪。9.单选题“Hello, Bob, I didnt know you（ ）jogging.” “Oh, yes George, Ive been doing it for over a month now.”问题1选项A

12、.went forB.went outC.went on withD.went in for【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项went for“去找，被认为，主张，拥护，努力获取”；B选项went out“出去，熄灭，过时”；C选项went on with“继续，进行，暂时使用”；D选项went in for“爱好，参与，从事，追求，赞成”。句意：“你好，鲍勃，我不知道你（ ）慢跑。”“噢，是的，乔治，我已经跑了一个多月了。”可以看出，提问的人是不知道鲍勃“爱好慢跑运动”，因此D选项符合题意。10.单选题There are various ways in which individual

13、economic units interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other ec

14、onomic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, really goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat

15、 may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction on money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods, and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions

16、. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, showed the amounts of each commodity

17、produced by the various firms and allocated different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every persons place within the

18、 economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their educat

19、ion. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.1.What is the main purpose of the passage?2.According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to（ ）.3.According to the passage, who has the gr

20、eatest degree of control in an administered system?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a certain for determining a persons place in a traditional society?5.In paragraph 2 sentence 3, “barter” means（ ）.问题1选项A.To outline contrasting type of economic systems.B.To explain the scie

21、nce of economics.C.To argue for the superiority of one economic system.D.To compare barter and money-exchange markets.问题2选项A.rapid speed transactionsB.misunderstandingC.inflationD.difficulties for traders问题3选项A.Individual householdsB.Small businessesC.Major corporationsD.The government问题4选项A.Family

22、backgroundB.AgeC.Religious beliefD.Custom问题5选项A.exchange good, property for other goodsB.a more unitC.a kind of foodD.trade【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.（三种基本方式可以描述为市场体制、管理体制和传统体制。）

23、文章第一段就点明了三种不同类型的经济体系：市场体系、行政管理体系和传统体系。接下来分别介绍了这三种体系，每一段的第一句都点明了具体要介绍的体系。而文章中作者并没有解释有关经济学方面的知识，也没有表示哪一种经济体系更优越，因此A选项“概述不同类型的经济制度”正确。B选项“来解释经济学”，是作者没有解释的；C选项“论证单一经济体系的优越性”，作者在文中是没有论述的；D选项“比较易货市场和货币交换市场”，只是市场体系中的两种形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段第四句话In a barter economy, really goods such as automo

24、biles.wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的，找到想用旧车交换帆船的人可能并不总是一件容易的任务。）通过这句话可以看出，在易货经济中，可见这种有形的物物交换对交换者而言是具有很大难度的，交易者想要做交易并没有那么容易，因此D选项“对交易者的困难”正确。A选项“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特点；B选项“误解，误会”这一点原文并没有提到；C选项“膨胀；通货膨胀”不是易货经济体现的。3.推理判断题。根据题干

25、关键词定位到倒数第二段The central plan, drawn up by the government, showed the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated different households for consumption.（政府制定的中央计划显示了不同公司生产的每种商品的数量，并分配给不同的家庭用于消费。）这一段讲述了如何去制定市场的相关规定，而最高级的规定制定就来自于政府，因此D选项正确。A选项“个体户”，他们只是经济的参与者；B选项“小企业”，没有这个权利；C选项

26、“大公司”，仍然没有政府的等级高。4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段第一句话every persons place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom.（每个人在经济体制中的地位是由出身、宗教和习惯风俗来决定的），可以得出只有B选项“年龄”是没有提到的，因此B选项正确。A选项“家庭背景”；C选项“宗教信仰”；D选项“风俗”都是提到了的。5.语义推断题。根据题干定位到第二段In a barter economy, really goods such as automobiles, s

27、hoes, and pizzas are traded against each other obviously.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的。）可以看出来在易货经济中交易的都是一些实在的物品，因此A选项“用货物、财产等交换其他货物”是正确的。B选项“一个单位”原文没有提及；C选项“一种食物”，只是其中的一种；D选项“交易”，这就是这件事本身。11.填空题The United States is a nation of suburbs.The1990 census（人口普查）makes it official. Nearly half the countrys

28、 population now lives in suburbs, up from a quarter in 1950 and a third in 1960.The third century of American history is shaping up as the suburban century. Until 1920 most Americans lived in rural areas. By 1960 the country was a third urban, a third rural, and a third suburban. That balance didnt

29、last long, however. By 1990 the urban population had slipped to 31 percent and the rural population was down to less than a quarter. We are now a suburban nation with an urban fringe and a rural fringe.The first century of American life was dominated by the rural myth: the sturdy and self-reliant Je

30、ffersonian farmer. By the end of the nineteenth century, however, Americans were getting off the farms as fast as they could, to escape the hardship and brutality of rural life.Most of the twentieth century has been dominated by the urban myth: the melting pot; New York, New York; the cities as the

31、nations great engines of prosperity and culture. All the while, however, Americans have been getting out of the cities as soon as they can afford to buy a house and a car. They want to escape the crowding and dangers of urban life. But there is more to it than escape. As Kenneth T. Jackson argues in

32、 Crabgrass Frontier, a history of suburbanization in the United States, the pull factors (cheap housing and the ideal of a suburban “dream house”) have been as important as the push factors population growth and racial prejudice).The 1990 Census tells the story of the explosive growth of suburbs. Th

33、at year fourteen states had a majority suburban population, including six of the ten most populous states (California, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Florida, and New Jersey).Suburban growth is not likely to end anytime soon. According to the polls, 43 percent of Boston residents, 43 percent of peopl

34、e who live in Los Angeles, and 60 percent of those who live in New York City say they would leave the city if they could. When the Gallup Poll asked Americans in 1989 what kind of place they would like to live in, only 19 percent said a city.Is there a suburban myth? Sure there is. It has been a sta

35、ple of American popular culture since the 1950s, from television shows like The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet and Leave It to Beaver to movies like E.T. The debunking of the suburban myth has now reached American popular culture, where television comedies about lower middle-class families like Ros

36、eanne and the Simpsons portray the harsh realities of suburban life-unemployment, troubled families, and, above all, stress.Write “A” for True or “F” for False in the brackets:_ 61. The greater part of the American population now lives in the suburbs._ 62. Cheap housing is one of the reasons for Ame

37、ricans wanting to live in the suburbs._ 63. In the U.S. a house in the suburbs is a symbol of prosperity and culture._ 64. In 1989 most Americans still said they preferred living in urban areas._ 65. The main part of American popular culture since the 1950s has been dominated by the suburb myth.【答案】

38、FTFFF【解析】1.定位到第一段Nearly half the countrys population now lives in suburbs, up from a quarter in 1950 and a third in 1960.（美国现在有近一半的人口住在郊区，而1950年只有四分之一，1960年只有三分之一。）题干与原文不符，因此不对。2.定位到第四段 the pull factors(cheap housing and the ideal of a suburban “dream house”) have been as important as the push facto

39、rs population growth and racial prejudice.（牵引力因素廉价住房和郊区“梦想之家”的理想与人口增长和种族偏见一样重要），可以得知廉价的住房也是他们离开的原因之一，因此题干表达正确。3.定位到第四段the cities as the nations great engines of prosperity and culture.（城市是国家繁荣和文化的重要引擎。）而不是美国的房子是繁荣和文化的象征。因此题干和原文的表达是不符的，错误。4.定位到倒数第二段When the Gallup Poll asked Americans in 1989 what ki

40、nd of place they would like to live in, only 19 percent said a city.（1989年，盖洛普民意测验询问美国人他们想住在什么样的地方，只有19%的人回答是城市。）这一句和题干不相符，只有19%的人们表示喜欢居住在城市，并不是题干说的大部分，因此错误。5.定位到第三段和第四段The first century of American life was dominated by the rural myth: the sturdy and self-reliant Jeffersonian farmer. By the end of

41、the nineteenth century, however, Americans were getting off the farms as fast as they could, to escape the hardship and brutality of rural life. Most of the twentieth century has been dominated by the urban myth（美国人生活的第一个世纪被乡村神话所主宰：强壮而自立的杰斐逊式农民。然而，到了19世纪末，美国人开始尽可能快地离开农场，以逃避农村生活的艰难和残酷。20世纪的大部分时间里，都市神

42、话一直占据着主导地位）原文并没有说是具体哪一年被谁主导，因此题干的表述也是不对的，错误。12.单选题You（ ）him so closely; you should have kept your distance.问题1选项A.shouldnt have been followingB.shouldnt followC.mustnt followD.couldnt have been following【答案】A【解析】考查了虚拟语气，并且是与过去事实相反的虚拟。是对发生在过去的事实进行虚拟，因此要用完成时，排除B、C；couldnt have done something的意思是不能做某事而

43、做了某事。shouldnt have done something 意思是不应该做某事而做了某事，句子的意思是不应该跟得紧而应该保持距离，因此A选项符合题意。13.单选题The East and the West can work together for their（ ）benefit and progress.问题1选项A.commonB.mutualC.sameD.cooperative【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项common“普通的；一般的”，B选项mutual“共同的；相互的，彼此的”，C选项same“同样的；一样的”，D选项cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；原

44、句：东西方可以为各自的（ ）利益和进步而共同努力。通过带入A、B、C、D可以发现，句子想要表达的意思是：共同的利益，而mutual是最能体现这个含义的，它有各自为战，却又有共同之处的含义，因此B选项符合题意。14.单选题Business in this area has been（ ） because prices are too high.问题1选项A.prosperousB.secretiveC.slackD.shrill【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prosperous“繁荣的，兴旺的”；B选项secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；C选项slack“松弛的，萧条的”；D选项

45、shrill“尖锐的，刺耳的”。句意：由于价格太高，这个地区的生意（ ）。本句表达的意思是“价格太高，所以这里的生意很萧条”，因此C选项符合题意。15.单选题According to the latest report, consumer confidence（ ）a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“飙升，骤然上升”；B选项“突变，变成”；C选项“骤降，暴跌”；D选项

46、“上下波动”，句意：根据最新的报告，上个月消费者信心指数（ ）惊人的15点，达到了9年来的最低水平。既然说了是最低水平，那么句意应该是“下降了惊人的15个点”，因此C选项符合题意。16.单选题People under a lot of（ ） may experience headaches, minor pains and sleeping difficulties.问题1选项A.stressB.exposureC.enduranceD.endeavor【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stress“压力”；B选项exposure“曝光”；C选项endurance“忍耐力”；D选项ende

47、avor“努力，尽力”。句意：（ ）大的人可能会经历头痛、轻微疼痛和睡眠困难。原句要表达的意思是“压力大的人会头痛”，因此A选项符合题意。17.单选题Meeting your familys nutritional needs may seem difficult considering todays busy lifestyles. But it doesnt have to（1）. Even a new emphasis（2）more fruits and vegetables doesnt necessarily（3）more preparation time if you take（4

48、）of the convenience of canned foods.When you open a（5）of fruit or vegetable at home you have at hand fresh-packed nutritional product, with no man-made ingredient, no preservatives. And all the work has been（6）for you: slicing, the peeling, （7）cooking. Canned fruits and vegetables leave you the（8）to

49、 be creative. And with the variety of fruits and vegetables available these days, you can serve different combinations create new dishes, and（9）new tastes to old recipes canned foods are（10） well. A united States Department of Agriculture are National Food Association co-sponsored study shows canned

50、 vegetables to be just as（11）as fresh or frozen. Because canned vegetables are processed within hours of（12）packed, they generally retain 70 to 90（13）of their nutrients.Fruits and vegetables canning is as simple（14）when your grandmother “put up” tomatoes and other things from the garden. Fresh produ

51、ce is taken from the field at just the right time, delivered to the cannery, checked, washed, sealed, and sterilized. All（15）, generally happens in less（16）24 hours to（17）the best quality and nutritional value without the need for any preservatives.Use the liquids that vegetables are canned（18）as a

52、substitute（19）water in recipes to get that last drop of good nutrition. Most major brands of canned fruits and vegetables included nutritional content and ingredient statements on their（20）. This especially important to those on calories-conscious or restricted.问题1选项A.doB.beC.seemD.need问题2选项A.onB.to

53、C.aboutD.above问题3选项A.needB.meanC.spendD.want问题4选项A.careB.useC.troubleD.advantage问题5选项A.bowlB.bottleC.canD.box问题6选项A.doneB.doC.doingD.does问题7选项A.theB.aC.withD.without问题8选项A.needB.timeC.foodD.job问题9选项A.increaseB.deleteC.putD.add问题10选项A.tooB.asC.justD.very问题11选项A.goodB.badC.betterD.worse问题12选项A.toB.beC

54、.beingD.been问题13选项A.timesB.rateC.kilogramD.percent问题14选项A.asB.thanC.toD.same问题15选项A.thisB.aboutC.togetherD.thing问题16选项A.toB.thanC.aboutD.around问题17选项A.ensureB.remainC.makeD.produce问题18选项A.atB.inC.intoD.inside问题19选项A.ofB.aboutC.forD.to问题20选项A.papersB.namesC.brandsD.labels【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C

55、第6题:A第7题:A第8题:B第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:C第13题:D第14题:A第15题:A第16题:B第17题:A第18题:B第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.考查动词辨析。A选项do“做”；B选项be“是，成为”；C选项seem“看起来像，似乎”；D选项need“需要”。句意：考虑到当今忙碌的生活方式，满足家庭的营养需求似乎很难。但这并不（ ）必须的。前面主要动词部分为may seem difficult，空处所在句是省略句。其次，seem是系动词，重复时以be代替，故完整句子应为it doesnt have to be difficult，因此B选项符合题意。2.考

56、查介词辨析。A选项on“在上”；B选项to“朝，位于”；C选项about“有关，关于”；D选项above“超过，多于”。句意：即使新的重点是更多的水果和蔬菜。这里考查了固定搭配，emphasis后面常跟on表示强调某一方面，因此A选项符合题意。3.考查动词辨析。A选项need“需要”；B选项mean“意味着”；C选项spend“花费”；D选项want“想要”。句意：如果你充分利用罐装食品的便利，即使新的重点是更多的水果和蔬菜，也不一定（ ）更多的准备时间。这句话表达的意思是“即使是那些水果和蔬菜，也不意味着更多的准备时间”，因此B选项符合题意。4.考查名词辨析。A选项care“关心，照顾”；B

57、选项use“使用，用途”；C选项trouble“麻烦，烦恼”；D选项advantage“优势，有利条件”。句意：如果你（ ）罐装食品的便利，即使新的重点是更多的水果和蔬菜，也不一定意味着更多的准备时间。这里考查的是固定搭配take advantage of “利用，充分利用”，因此D选项符合题意。5.考查名词辨析。A选项bowl“碗”；B选项bottle“瓶子”；C选项can“罐头，罐”；D选项box“盒子”。句意：当你在家打开一（ ）水果或蔬菜时，你手边就有新鲜包装的营养产品。根据上文的canned foods及open提示此处应是一罐食品，因此C选项符合题意。6.考查时态。A选项done表

58、示过去；B选项do表示现在；C选项doing表示正在进行；D选项does表示第三人称单数。句意：所有的工作都为你（ ）了：切片，剥皮。而这里讲的是罐头食物，罐头食物应该是所有的工作都已经为消费者“做好了”，包括切片，剥皮等。因此A选项符合题意。7.考查连词辨析。A选项the“这个（特指）”；B选项a“一个”；C选项with”和一起“；D选项still“仍然”。句意：所有的工作都为你完成了：切片，剥皮，甚至是烹饪。根据前面的the peeling“剥皮”，可以类比推测出这里也应该是the cooking“烹饪”，因此C选项符合题意。8.考查名词辨析。A选项need“需求，需要”；B选项time“

59、时间”；C选项food“食物”；D选项job“工作”。句意：水果和蔬菜罐头留给了你（ ）去创造。通过本文的逻辑可以知道，罐头食物是非常便捷，省时的，并且后文说道可以利用这个时间去创造很多新菜，因此应该是“留了时间给人们去创造”，因此B选项符合题意。9.考查动词辨析。A选项increase“增加，增多”；B选项delete“删除”；C选项put“放置”；D选项add“添加”。句意：你可以提供不同的组合创造新的菜肴，并（ ）新的口味的老食谱罐头食品也很好。这里考查了固定搭配add to“把添加到”，而根据上下文可以看出罐头食物省下的时间可以给人们创作的可能性，人们可以增添新的风味到之前的食谱里，因

60、此D选项符合题意。10.考查介词辨析。A选项too“也，也是”；B选项as“正如，像”；C选项just“仅仅，只是”；D选项very“非常”。句意：给旧食谱添加新口味罐头食品（ ）不错。这里是讲新风味添加到旧食谱中也不错，因此B选项符合题意。11.考查形容词辨析。A选项good“好的”；B选项bad“不好的，坏的”；C选项“更好的（比较级）”；D选项worse“更糟糕的（比较级）”。句意：研究表明，罐装蔬菜与新鲜或冷冻蔬菜一样（ ）。这里考查了固定搭配as good as“和一样好”，因为文章是说罐头食物的好处的，所以它们是和新鲜食物一样好，A选项符合题意。12.考查语态。A选项to“将要”；