2023版高三一轮总复习英语外研版课时分层作业15　The world of science

1、 课时分层作业(十五).阅读理解A(2021石家庄市教学质量检测)Here are some fun and engaging ways to learn about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations and what you can do to take action to make them a reality.Freerice from WFPFreerice is a free online educational game where people of all ages can do the

2、ir partsimply by playing. Every right answer on Freerice brings a real financial donation to the UN World Food Programme (WFP) from sponsors worth about 10 grains of rice. Use your time and knowledge to help provide food for people in need.FriedaStorytelling is a powerful communication tool and help

3、s children remember lessons and virtues that they will use in everyday life. The idea behind the production of the story of Frieda is to simplify the lessons of the SDGs so young children can better understand the SDGs.SDG PandasInspired by reallife animal ambassadors (大使) Qiqi and Diandian, SDG Pan

4、das are stickers that you can use in your WhatsApp conversations to help spread the SDGs and inspire action for a better world.SDG ElyxElyx, the United Nations digital ambassador, uses various expressions and actions to help demonstrate the meaning of each Sustainable Development Goal. Created by Fr

5、ench artist YAK，Elyx has no race, sex or nationality and is a universal character promoting the importance of the United Nations work.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了了解并实现联合国可持续发展目标的四种途径。1Which program uses a game to promote the SDGs?AFreerice from WFP.BFrieda.CSDG Pandas.DSDG Elyx.A细节理解题。根据Freerice from WFP部分的

6、第一句“Freerice is a free online educational game where people of all ages can do their partsimply by playing.”可知，A项正确。2What are inspired by real animals?AThe WFPs programs.BFriedas stories.CThe virtual stickers.DThe digital ambassadors.C细节理解题。根据SDG Pandas部分的内容可知，受到现实生活中的动物大使“启启”和“点点”的启发，SDG Pandas是一款可

7、以在WhatsApp对话中使用的贴纸，故C项“虚拟贴纸”正确。3Whats Frieda meant to do?APromote students storytelling ability.BEncourage financial donation for the SDGs.CGuide children in practicing virtues in daily life.DMake the SDGs easier for children to understand.D细节理解题。根据Frieda部分的第二句“The idea behind the production of the

8、story of Frieda is to simplify the lessons of the SDGs so young children can better understand the SDGs.”可知，D项正确。B(2021东北三省三校联合模拟)It is not rare in China that many seniors take advantage of their retirement years to please their grandchildren.Some are good at sugar figure blowing artthe maker uses s

9、ugar as its basic material to boil and blow into various figures.Some can weave，using even the most unexpected materials such as leaves，and some excel in carpentry，using wood to carve lifelike dolls and toys.In 2020，in a small village in Fujian Province，oneandahalfyearold Dandan became the most envi

10、able child.His grandfather made a wooden “mantis cart (螳螂车)” for him.The wooden components on both sides of the cart would rise and fall with the wheels，resembling a mantis.This oneofakind toy was filmed by the childs parents and posted online，immediately arousing curiosity.The grandfather，Li Shishu

11、i，who had been a carpenter for more than 50 years，retired in 2018.In his spare time，he picks up his old craftsmanship and uses the scrap (废料) wood from his old house to make the “mantis cart” with long legs.He also makes pure wooden toys such as robots，birds and even an “Iron Man”When Dandan goes ou

12、t in the “mantis cart”，it never fails to turn heads and make the children of the neighbors next door shout and cry to their parents for one too.Full of childlike fun，fatherly love and delicate design，the wooden toy，not merely catches the heart of children in his neighborhood，some netizens also expre

13、ss their envy after watching online videos. “I want a grandpa like him too.” “Does the grandpa want a granddaughter？” Some also recollect that although their grandfather is not a carpenter，these videos have brought back their fond memorieswhen they were young，their grandfather also made some gadgets

14、 (小器具) for them.Therefore，many believe，parents should stress the importance of the education of their childrens interpersonal communication skills at an early age.Children who grow up in the love of their elders can expect to be more brave，positive，optimistic and confident than other children.【语篇解读】

15、本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了福建的木匠爷爷李石水给他孙子做螳螂车的故事，论述了长辈的关爱对孩子健康成长的重要性。4What does the author mean by the underlined part “This oneofakind toy”？AThe toy is hardwon.BThe toy is specially made.CThe toy is of high quality.DThe toy is the only one made by Grandpa Li.B词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句的上句可知，这个螳螂车两边的木制部分会随着车轮上升下落，像一只螳螂。由

16、此可推知，画线部分意为“这个玩具是特殊制作的”。故选B项。5Which of the following is right about the “mantis cart”？AAll the components of it are made of expensive wood.BIts online videos were not immediately accepted.CIts insectlike features attract both children and adults.DIt was handmade by Grandpa Li，a craftsman of sugar fi

17、gures.C细节理解题。根据第六段第一句中的“the wooden toy, not merely catches the heart of children in his neighborhood, some netizens also express their envy”可知，这个螳螂车既吸引了孩子，也吸引了成年人。故选C项。6What can we learn from the passage?AMuch importance should be attached to childrens behavior.BChildren under the love of their elde

18、rs may have better personalities.CSome netizens envy Dandan as their grandparents are not carpenters.DSome children of the neighbors cry as Dandan doesnt share the toy with them.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，在长辈的关爱下长大的孩子，会比其他孩子更勇敢、积极、乐观和自信，由此可推知，在长辈关爱下长大的孩子可能会有更好的个性。故选B项。7Which section of a web page can thi

19、s passage be taken from?AFashion.BEntertainment.CLifestyle. DTransportation.C推理判断题。本文主要讲了中国老年人退休后的生活，文章应该摘自网页上生活方式那一栏。故选C项。C(2021潍坊市阶段性监测)The food delivery industry now is a hotly competitive business，attracting the worlds biggest moneybags such as Alibaba and SoftBank.Balancing the needs of diners，

20、cooks and couriers (专递公司) is complicated.Most new companies lose money.Yet they have received more than $30bn from venture capitalists (资本家) in the past five years.And they are likely to get more.The fooddelivery business can be divided into two camps：mostly profitable veterans (老手) and lossmaking n

21、ewcomers.The veterans，founded at the start of the century，are led by publicly traded Grubhub in America，and Just Eat and Takeaway in Europe.They account for the largest share of the market，offering customers online access to restaurants.Their relatively simple business model，in which they take a cut

22、 of the bill from the restaurants，has enabled Grubhub and Just Eat to turn a profit for years.Takeaway makes money in its home market of the Netherlands.The newbies，born more recently，have turned a oncetidy business into a food fight.For most of them，delivery is their core business，so they share the

23、ir cut of the bill with riders as well as restaurants.This substantially broadens the market to restaurants but profit suffers.The only mouthwatering aspect of the delivery business is its potential size.According to Bernstein，almost a third of the global restaurant industry is made up of home deliv

24、ery，takeaways and drivethroughs，which could be worth $1 trn by 2023.In 2018 delivery amounted to $161bn，leaving plenty of room for online firms to expand.Yet it is by no means clear if anyone can make money by delivering meals.In fact，the economics may be even worse.Delivery businesses have ways to

25、cut their losses.One is to diversify further，by delivering groceries，flowers，booze，and even people，as well as meals.Another is to provide cheaper meals by centrally supplying ingredients to restaurants.In the dogeatdog world of food delivery，it will still be hard.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。外卖行业竞争激烈，吸引了阿里巴巴表软银等全

26、球最大的富豪，但盈利的主要还是老公司，新公司往往亏损。快递行业潜在规模巨大，但是送餐业务是否能够获利并不能确定。8How can the veterans make a profit?AThey get lots of support from capitalists.BThey offer customers great convenience.CThey draw a part of profit from restaurants.DThey balance the complicated needs successfully.C细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Their relativ

27、ely simple business model, in which they take a cut of the bill from the restaurants，has enabled Grubhub and Just Eat to turn a profit for years.”可知，老公司是通过从餐馆中抽取利润来赚钱的，故C项正确。9What makes the delivery business attractive?AMassive profits.BDevelopment prospects.CSatisfying service.DEfficient management

28、.B细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是第一句“The only mouthwatering aspect of the delivery business is its potential size.”可知，快递业务唯一令人垂涎的是它潜在的规模，快递业务发展前景广阔，很有吸引力，故B项正确。10What is the authors attitude towards making money by delivering meals?APositive. BDefinite.CUncertain. DConfident.C作者态度题。根据尾段前两句可知，作者并不清楚是否任何人都能通过送餐赚钱，并认

29、为经济情况可能更糟。据此可以推知，作者对送餐赚钱持不确定的态度，故C项正确。11Which can be a suitable title for the text?ADelivery businesses balance some complicated needsBMeal delivery attracts the worlds biggest moneybagsCThe two camps of delivery businesses compete fiercelyDThe fooddelivery business is anything but tasty businessD标题

30、归纳题。结合全文内容可知，本文具体分析了送餐业务的现状及前景，送餐业务是否能够获利并不能确定，故D项(送餐业务绝不是香饽饽)最适合作本文的标题。D(2021湖南省六校联考)When we meet someone for the first time，we usually get a vague sense of what kind of person they are by the way they shake hands，talk or walk.In the age of social networking，however，first impressions are sometimes

31、made even before we actually meet someone in personthat is，by looking at their profile photo.According to a recent study，these social images say a lot about our personality.In the study，a group of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania in the US used software to analyze the profile pictures

32、 of 66，000 users of one US social platform.At the same time，about 434 participants were asked to complete a survey about their personality type.According to the results，open people are more likely to pose in an unusual way and use objects such as glasses or a guitar in their profile photo because th

33、ey enjoy new and exciting experiences.Meanwhile，neurotic people often hold back their negative emotions.They try to avoid showing their face；instead，they use an image of something like a pet，a car or a building.Thats because neurotic people are strongly influenced by the “strong social norm against

34、a very sad or angry appearance in profile pictures”Apart from the objects in profile pictures，the colors used in them also give us some information about the photos owner.For example，extraverts were found to have the most colorful profile images，as they want to emphasize their personality and show t

35、hemselves off.Daniel PreoiucPietro from the University of Pennsylvania wrote in the research paper, “Social media photos usually represent an extension of ones self，but they also allow a user to shape his or her own personality and idealized view.” So，when choosing a profile photo，maybe we should as

36、k ourselves first what kind of image wed like to convey.After all，first impressions always last.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，头像照片与性格之间有一定的关系。性格外向者更倾向于在头像照片中摆不寻常的姿势，使用玻璃杯等物体，照片的颜色也最鲜艳，而神经质的人经常会抑制自己的负面情绪，避免展示脸。12Why do neurotic people often avoid showing their face in their profile photo?ABecause they are fond

37、 of pets，cars and buildings.BBecause they want to enjoy new experiences.CBecause they dont want to expose their negative images.DBecause they are not confident about themselves.C细节理解题。根据题干中的neurotic people定位到文章第三段中的“Thats because neurotic people are strongly influenced by the strong social norm agai

38、nst a very sad or angry appearance in profile pictures”，由此可知，神经质的人避免展示他们的脸是因为他们会受到强大的社会规范的强烈影响，而这种社会规范反对在头像照片中出现非常悲伤或愤怒的样子，故C 项正确。13What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to?AOpen people.BNeurotic people.CNegative people. DPopular people.A词义猜测题。画线词所在句的后半部分说的是因为他们想强调自己的个性，展示自己，因此可推断画线词意为“

39、性格外向者”，故A项正确。14What is the writers attitude towards the choice of a profile photo?ACasual. BCautious. CWorried. DUnclear.B作者态度题。根据题干中的“the choice of a profile photo”定位到文章最后一段中的“So, when choosing a profile photo, maybe we should ask ourselves first what kind of image wed like to convey. After all, fi

40、rst impressions always last.”，由此可推知作者对选择个人头像照片持谨慎的态度，故B项正确。15What does this text mainly talk about?AThe relationship between ones profile photo and his personality.BSome advice on how to choose a profile photo.CThe difference between open people and neurotic people.DThe importance of the first impre

41、ssion.A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕一项研究展开，该研究探讨的是头像照片与性格之间的关系，故A项正确。.阅读七选五(2021大连市双基测试卷)Lacking chances to practice English？Thinking in English can bring you a huge step closer to fluency！It is not very difficult. 1 Today，we will share some mental exercises with you.A good first step is to think in individua

42、l words.Look around you.What do you see? 2 As you continue with this，it becomes a habit.Things are going to flash into your headcomputer，telephone，chair，desk，etc.，whatever it is and wherever you are. 3 For example，if you couldnt think of the word “garage”， you can say in your mind. “The place inside which I put my car” or “Its next to my house.I keep things there”The next exercise is thinking in simple sentences.For example，when sitting in a park，you can tell yourself thing