2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号48

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Intimesofeconomicdifficulty,corporatebudgetsforresearchdevelopmentareoften（）beforeanyothers.

问题1选项

A.shifted

B.examined

C.slashed

D.presented

【答案】C

【解析】shift转移,变换；examine检查；slash削减；present提出,呈现。句意：在经济困难时期,企业的研究开发预算往往比其他任何时候都要先削减。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

问题1选项

A.increased

B.alleviated

C.interrupted

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】increase增加；alleviate减轻，缓和；interrupt中断，打扰；deteriorate恶化。根据句意可知，这里指减轻疼痛，选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittleifanything,todowithourabilities’,characteristics,andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchadegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.AbehavioristB.F.Skinnerseeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic,theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldsupportersofthe“nature”theoryagreewith?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldproponentsofthe“nurture”theoryagreewith?

3.B.F.Skinner（）.

4.Concerningthenature/nurturecontroversy,thewriterofthisarticle（）.

5.IntheU.S,blackpeopleoftenscorepeopleonintelligencetests.Withthisinmind,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

问题1选项

A.Aperson’sinductshavelittleeffectonhisactions.

B.Environmentisimportantindeterminingaperson’sbehaviorandpersonality

C.Biologicalreasonshaveastronginfluenceonhowweact.

D.Thebehaviorists’viewcorrectlyexplainshowweact.

问题2选项

A.Environmenthaslittletodowithbehavior

B.Behavioristtheoryisnotcorrect

C.Biologicallybasedinstinctsareimportantinhowweact.

D.Apersons’characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhisenvironment

问题3选项

A.supportsthenaturetheory

B.thinkstheenvironmentplaysanimportantroleindeterminingcharacter

C.believesinstinctsgovernbehavior

D.believesintheimportanceofgenesindeterminingpersonality

问题4选项

A.supportsthenaturetheory

B.supportsthenurturetheory

C.believesbotharecompletelywrong

D.thinksthatthecorrectexplanationofhumanbehaviorwilltakeideasfromboththeories.

问题5选项

A.Natureproponentswouldsaythatwhitesaregeneticallysuperiortoblacks

B.Nurtureproponentswoulddisagreethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites

C.Supportersofthenaturetheorywouldsaythatwhitesscorewellbecausetheyhaveasuperiorenvironment

D.Behavioristswouldsaythatblacksoftenlacktheeducationalandenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据第三段第一句“Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.”那些支持“先天性”的人认为,我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物学和基因因素决定的。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第一句可知,“后天性”理论的支持者认为,环境比基于生物学的本能更能决定我们的行为模式。所以选项D正确。

3.根据第四段第二句“AbehavioristB.F.Skinnerseeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.”行为主义者B.F.Skinner认为,人类的行为几乎完全是由周围环境塑造的。选项B符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知,这两种理论都不能完全解释人类的行为。事实上,我们行为的关键很可能在这两个极端之间。选项D符合原文。

5.选项C说“先天性”理论的支持者认为白人得分高是因为他们拥有优越的环境。很显然是错误的,因为环境影响是“后天性”支持者的看法。所以本题选C。

4.单选题

Aviolentthunderstormwas（）asdarkcloudswerecollectingoverhead.

问题1选项

A.eminent

B.imminent

C.instantaneous

D.simultaneous

【答案】B

【解析】eminent杰出的；imminent即将来临的；instantaneous即时的；simultaneous同时的。句意：当乌云在头顶聚集时,一场暴风雨即将到来。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

（）theredcellsoftheblood,hemoglobin（血红蛋白）transportoxygenformthelungtothetissues.

问题1选项

A.Comparedto

B.Attackedby

C.Confinedto

D.Attributedto

【答案】D

【解析】comparedto与...相比；attachedby附属于；confinedto局限于,限制于；attributedto由于,归功于。句意：由于血液中的红细胞,血红蛋白将氧气从肺输送到组织。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Thediscussionhasbeenunexpectedlygoingforthreehours,andI’mafraidtheywill（）itstilllonger.

问题1选项

A.extend

B.lengthen

C.stretch

D.protract

【答案】D

【解析】extend延伸,扩大；lengthen延长,加长；stretch伸展,延伸；protract（时间）延长。句意：讨论出乎意料地进行了三个小时,恐怕他们会把时间拖得更长。只有选项D表示时间延长,符合语境。

7.单选题

TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKorn/Ferry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom’s,hashadanimpactontheboardroom----albeitatanaverageimplementationcostthatKorn/Ferryestimatesat$5.1mperfirm.

Twoyearsago,only41%ofAmericanfirmssaidtheyregularlyheldmeetingsofdirectorswithouttheirchiefexecutivepresent;thisyearthefigurewas93%.Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.

Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchideexecutive.AnothersurveyofAmericanboardspublishedthisweek,byA.T.Kearney,afirmofconsultants,foundthatin2002,14%oftheboardsofS&P500firmshadseparatedtheroles,andafurther16%saidtheyplannedtodoso.Butby2004only23%overallhadtakentheplunge.AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.

Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing“staggered”boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforre-electioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.Inventedasadefenseagainsttakeover,suchboards,accordingtoanewHarvardLawSchoolstudybyLucianBebchukandAlmaCohen,areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.

Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly----from63%in2001to60%in2003,accordingtotheInvestorResponsibilityResearchCentre.Andmanyofthosefirmsthathavebeenforcedbyshareholderstoabolishthesystemaredoingsoonlyslowly.Merck,apharmaceuticalcompanyintroubleoverthepossibleside-effectsofitsarthritisdrugVioxx,isallowingitsdirectorstoruntheirdulltermbeforeintroducingasysteminwhichtheyareallre-elected(orotherwise)annually.Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.

1.TheSarbanes-Oxleyactismostprobablyabout（）.

2.Theword“backlash”(Line3,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothetext,separatingtherolesbetweenchairmanandchiefexecutiveis（）.

4.Welearnfromthetextthata“staggered”board（）.

5.TowardtheboardpracticeofAmericancompanies,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe（）.

问题1选项

A.corporatescandal

B.corporatemanagement

C.corporatecost

D.corporategovernance

问题2选项

A.aviolentforce

B.astrongimpetus

C.afirmmeasure

D.astrongnegativereaction

问题3选项

A.acommonpracticeinAmericancompanies

B.whatmanyEuropeancompaniesdo

C.amusttokeepthehealthofacompany

D.notapopularideaamongAmericanentrepreneurs

问题4选项

A.isadversetotheincrementoffirmvalue

B.givesitsboardmemberstoomuchpower

C.hasbeenabolishedbymostAmericancompanies

D.canbevoteddownbyshareholders

问题5选项

A.biased

B.pessimistic

C.objective

D.critical

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段，猎头公司“光辉国际”(Korn/Ferry)对美国公司董事会做法的年度评估是了解公司治理状况的一个有用指标。萨班斯-奥克斯利法案是为了防止出现像安然和世通等公司垮掉那样的情况。由此可推断，该法案是关于治理公司的，选项D正确。

2.词语辨析题。根据句意：一些事情并未受到企业丑闻强烈负面反应的影响。“backlash”指强烈的负面反应，选项D正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后一句“70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.”70%的美国董事和投资者支持分职的想法，这在欧洲是一种惯例。选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“...suchboards,...,areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue.”这种（交错）董事会是为了防范收购而发明的，但它显然“与公司价值的显著降低有关”。由此可知，“staggered”board不利于企业价值的增长，选项A符合原文。

5.作者观点题。根据原文，作者在第三、四段表达了对美国公司董事会感到失望，因为它们变化缓慢。说明作者对美国公司的董事会是持批评的态度，选项D正确。

8.单选题

Hehadreadapatentliver-circular,inwhichweredetailedthevarious（）bywhichamancouldtellhisliverwasoutoforder.

问题1选项

A.signals

B.system

C.symptoms

D.symbols

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他读过一个专门的肝脏循环图,里面详细地描述了各种症状,人们通过这些症状可以知道他的肝脏是否出了问题。选项C符合句意。

9.单选题

Originallydesignedasworkclothesforminers,jeansarenowwormbyallsegmentsofsociety,theirappeal______bytheircomfortandaffordability.

问题1选项

A.overwhelmed

B.corroded

C.complicated

D.broadened

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overwhelmed“（感情或感觉）充溢，难以禁受；击败，征服”；B选项corroded“腐蚀，侵蚀”；C选项complicated“使复杂”；D选项broadened“扩宽，扩大”。句意：牛仔裤最初是为矿工设计的工作服，现在受到社会各阶层的追捧，它的吸引力因为舒适和实惠的特点而______。这里要填的是牛仔裤的吸引力因为舒适和实惠的特点而怎么样，D选项broadened“扩宽，扩大”符合题意，也对应前面牛仔裤受欢迎的特点。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Hegaveusan（）consenttotaketheapples,forhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.implicit

C.impartial

D.extravagant

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸张的；implicit含蓄的,暗示的；impartial公正的；extravagant奢侈的,浪费的。句意：他默许我们拿走苹果,因为当他看到我们这样做时,他笑了。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作证；charge负责；accuse指控；rectify改正。句意：句意：他是唯一能为这个案件作证的人，因为其他证人都被神秘杀害了。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

I______themeetingyesterday,butsomeurgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming.

问题1选项

A.oughttoattend

B.wasabouttoattend

C.wastohaveattended

D.wastoattend

【答案】C

【解析】考查谓语动词。A选项oughttoattend“应该参加”；B选项wasabouttoattend“即将参加，正打算参加”；C选项wastohaveattended“本来要参加（却结果没参加）”；D选项wastoattend“将要参加（表示预先安排好的计划或约定）”。句意：我本来打算昨天参加会议的，但有一件紧急的事阻止我前往。根据urgentmatterpreventedmefromcoming“紧急的事阻止我前往”可知，我原本想参加会议，C选项wastohaveattended“本来要参加（却结果没参加）”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Musicistheresultofthoughtintheformofattitude,orstance.Thereisnoonewayofthinking,sincemen’svaluesareasscatteredanddissimilarasindividualmenthemselves.Ifblackmusiccanbeseenastheresultofcertainattitudes,certainspecificwaysofthinkingabouttheworld,thenmybasichypothesisaboutmusicisunderstood.Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.Itiswhythemusicchangedthatseemsmostimportanttome.

WhenjazzfirstbegantoappearontheAmericansceneduringthetwenties,inoneformoranother,itwasintroducedinmanyinstancesbywhiteAmericans.Yetitsoriginalconceptionanditsmostvitaldevelopmentweretheresultofcertainattitudes,orempiricalideas,attributabletotheAfro-Americanculture.Jazzasplayedbywhitemusicianswasnotthesameasthatplayedbyblackmusiciansnorwasthereanyreasonforittobe.Themusicofthewhitejazzmusicianwas,atitsmostprofound,alearnedart.

Theblues,forexample,whichItaketobeanautonomousblackmusic,waspracticallyignoredinpre-jazzwhiteAmericanculture.Bluesisanextremelyimportantpartofjazz.Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.Thewhitemusicianunderstoodthebluesfirstasmusic,butseldomasanattitude,sincetheattitudeofthewhitemusicianwasnecessarilyquiteadifferentone.Andinmanycases,itwasnotconsistentwiththemakingofjazz.

Thus,thetrumpetsofBixBeiderbeckeandLouisArmstrongwereverydissimilar.Thewhitemiddle-classboyfromLowawasaninbornintellectualandhadanemotionallifethatwasbasedonhisconsciousorunconsciousdisapprovalofmostoftheritualofhisculture.OntheotherhandArmstrongwas,intermsofanemotionalarchetype,anhonoredpriestofhisculture.Hewasnotrebellingagainstanythingwithhismusic.TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;Beiderbecke,becauseofhisisolationanddeviationfrommassculture;andArmstrong,becauseofthesocio-historicalseparationoftheblackmanfromtherestofAmerican.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheunderlyingideaofthepassage?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweenbluesandjazzinAmericanculturewouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Thetoneoftheauthor’sdiscussionofthebluesisprimarilyoneof（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,BeiderbeckeandArmstrongweresimilarinwhichofthefollowing?

5.TheauthorimpliesthatthekindsofmusicproducedbyBeiderbeckeandArmstrongdiffergreatlybecause（）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseofenvironmentalinfluences,themusicofblackandwhiteartistsmustbeverydifferent.

B.Becauseitistheresultofthought,themusicofblackartistscanbelearnedbywhitemusicians.

C.Becausejazzisprimarilyamusicalformcreatedoninspiration,itisdifficultforonemusiciantocopythestyleofanother.

D.Becausemusichassocialsignificance,itsinfluenceonblackwhiterelationsshouldnotbeunderestimated.

问题2选项

A.JazzplacedmoreemphasisonAfro-Americanculturethandidtheblues

B.JazzchangedtheattitudesofwhitemusicianstowardAfro-Americanculture.

C.Jazzwasbasedonthebluesattitude,butexpresseditinamannerthatwascomprehensibletowhitemusicians.

D.Jazzwasaformofmusicthathadtobeunderstoodinordertobeplayed,whereastheblueshadtobelearned.

问题3选项

A.indifference

B.appreciation

C.curiosity

D.uncertainty

问题4选项

A.Theattitudestheybroughttotheirmusic.

B.Theirabilitytoreflectotherculturesintheirmusic.

C.Theirrelationshipstotheculturesoftheirancestors.

D.ThepositionstheycametoholdinAmericansociety.

问题5选项

A.theattitudesofblacksandwhitesasreflectedintheirmusicarenecessarilydifferent.

B.Beiderbecke’sintellectualismhamperedhisdevelopmentasamusician.

C.rebellionactedasadestructiveforceonBeiderbecke’sperformance.

D.ArmstrongwaswellestablishedasaperformerandBeiderbeckewasnot

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段倒数第二句为本文的主旨句“Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.”黑人的音乐随着他的改变而改变,反映了在变化的环境中态度的转变或态度的一致。这里的“contexts”指的是环境,所以选项A由于环境的影响,黑人和白人艺术家的音乐一定是非常不同的,符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.”爵士乐运用蓝调“态度”的方式提供了一个白人音乐家可以理解的音乐,因此他可以创造出一种风格的爵士乐。选项C符合原文。

3.观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知,作者认为蓝调是爵士乐中极为重要的一部分。由此可知,作者的态度是支持的,赞赏的。选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据关键词“BeiderbeckeandArmstrong”定位到最后一段,“TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;”令人难以置信的讽刺是,在美国社会的上层建筑中,这两个人所处的位置是相似的。选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后几句以及第四段的首句可知,Beiderbecke和Armstrong创作的音乐类型不同是因为黑人和白人对待音乐的态度是不同的,所以选项A正确。

14.单选题

Cropsdiesduringthe（）,resultinginfaminethroughoutthecountry.

问题1选项

A.adversity

B.disaster

C.drought

D.calamity

【答案】C

【解析】adversity灾难，逆境，不幸；disaster灾祸；drought干旱；calamity灾难，不幸事件。根据句意可知，庄稼应该是在旱季才会死亡，所以选项C符合语境。

15.单选题

InthepopularWesternimagination,Indiacontinuestobeacountryinbackwardnessandpovertywithverylittletoshow______scientificinnovationortechnologicalachievement.

问题1选项

A.forwantof

B.ingratitudeto

C.incontactwith

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项forwantof“因缺乏”；B选项ingratitudeto“对……感激”；C选项incontactwith“接触，联系”；D选项bywayof“通过，经由”。句意：在西方人的普遍想象中，印度仍然是一个落后和贫穷的国家，没有什么可展示的，______科技创新或技术成就。西方人认为印度因为在科技上没有什么创新和成就，所以没什么可拿出来看的，横线处和withverylittletoshow属于因果关系，A选项forwantof“因缺乏”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

Everyoneintheauditoriumwasweepingbythetimehefinishedhis（）tale.

问题1选项

A.sympathetic

B.pathetic

C.synthetic

D.interesting

【答案】B

【解析】sympathetic同情的；pathetic悲惨的；synthetic综合的，人造的；interesting有趣的。根据句意可知，观众们都哭了，说明这是一个悲惨的故事。选项B更符合语境。

17.翻译题

21世纪是一个将我们联系在一起的网络时代。无论我们愿意与否,我们的社会生活与经济生活已密不可分。我们意识到先进的电子网络使我们能够跨越时空限制,利用以前难以想象的商机。这个网络世界己开辟了一个崭新的创新发展的天地,把我们带入一个前所未有的网络智能吋代。这个网络智能新时代表明,我们可以将自己的知识和创造力结合起来,取得经济增长和社会发展的新突破。

【答案】The21stcenturyisanetworkagebindingustogether.Whetherwearereadyornot,oursociallifehasbeeninseparablefromeconomiclife.Andwerealizethattheadvancedelectricalnetworkcanmakeuscrossthetimeandspacelimitationstotakeadvantageofthepreviouslyunimaginablebusinessopportunity.Thenetworktimehasopenedupanewworldforinnovationanddevelopment,bringingusintoanunprecedentederaofnetworkintelligence.Thisnewageofnetworkintelligenceshowsthatwecancombineourknowledgeandcreativityandmakenewbreakthroughintheeconomicgrowthandsocialdevelopment.

18.单选题

Poliohasbeensoeffectivelysuppressedbyvaccinationprogramsthatmostdoctorshaveneverencountereditssymptoms;infact,whentherarepatienttodayis______withthepoliovirus,doctorsarelikelytomisdiagnosetheillness.

问题1选项

A.affected

B.exposed

C.engaged

D.afflicted

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项affected“假装的，做作的”；B选项exposed“（地方）不遮挡风雨的；（人）易受攻击（或批评）的”，beexposedto“受攻击”；C选项engaged“正从事的”；D选项afflicted“受困扰的”，beafflictedwith“患病”。句意：小儿麻痹症已经因为疫苗接种计划有效地抑制住了，以至于大多数医生从未遇到过其症状；事实上，当如今患者中罕见______小儿麻痹症时，医生很可能会误诊。小儿麻痹症现在已经很少见了，以至于碰到患有小儿麻痹症的患者，医生很可能会误诊，D选项afflicted“受困扰的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

19.单选题

Samanthasobbeduncontrollablyandhidinthelockerroom,so______wassheabouthavinglostinthefinalsofthestatetennischampionship.

问题1选项

A.pragmatic

B.dejected

C.jubilant

D.indifferent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pragmatic“务实的”；B选项dejected“沮丧的”；C选项jubilant“欢呼雀跃的”；D选项indifferent“漠不关心的”。句意：萨曼莎控制不住哭泣，躲在更衣室里，非常______她输掉了州网球锦标赛的决赛。输掉比赛以后萨曼莎哭泣，躲在更衣室里不想见人，B选项dejected“沮丧的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

20.单选题

Whenwedrovealong,wesawheavywispsofsmokefromfactorychimneys（）upintotheair.

问题1选项

A.ascending

B.fluctuating

C.spiraling

D.charging

【答案】A

【解析】ascendupinto...为固定搭配，表示“上升，升向”。这里指烟囱里的烟升向天空，选项A正确。

21.写作题

Moreandmorepeoplearerealizingthefactthatstudentsofhumanityandartcanbenefitthemselvesalotbyattendingtoscienceorengineeringcourse,andthestudentsofscienceandengineeringcanprofitbyreferringtohumanitydisciplinessuchasliterature,linguistics,history,andartsetc....Theimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenartandscienceisknowntoallofus,thoughsomemanyvoicedifferentopinions.Buthowtorelatesciencetoartisabigquestionforstudents.Nowpleasegiveyourstanceorposeasaresearcherinyourareainlightofrelatingarttoscienceifyouareacceptedasapostgraduatestudent.

Youshouldsupplyatitleforyourarticlewhichshouldbeabout300wordsinlength.Inthefirstpartofyourarticleyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】ScienceandArt22.单选题

Sheshouldhavebeenherebutshe’s______fluthatisgoingaroundrecently.

问题1选项

A.gonethroughwith

B.gonedownwith

C.comeinfor

D.comeupagainst

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项gonethroughwith“将（决定的事）做了”；B选项gonedownwith“得病”；C选项comeinfor“遭到（批评），受到（指责）”；D选项comeupagainst“面临，碰到”。句意：她本应该来的，但她______最近肆意横行的流感。这里对流感进行搭配，B选项gonedownwith“得病”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

23.单选题

Whatyousaynowisnot（）withwhatyousaidlastweek.

问题1选项

A.consistent

B.persistent

C.permanent

D.insistent

【答案】A

【解析】consistent一致的；persistent固执的；permanent永久的，不变的；insistent坚持的。句意：你现在所说的与你上星期所说的不一致。选项A符合句意。

24.单选题

ThetryptophanintheThanksgivingturkeyhad______effect,inducingsleepinthosewhoconsumedit.

问题1选项

A.aninvigorating

B.depreciatory

C.hypnotic

D.lethal

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项aninvigorating“使精力充沛的”；B选项depreciatory“贬值的”；C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩节火鸡中的色氨酸有______的作用，能让吃火鸡的人入睡。色氨酸可以让人们入睡，可见有让人产生困意的作用，C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

25.单选题

Increased（）canreleasetheworkersforothertasks.

问题1选项

A.efficiency

B.effect

C.effectiveness

D.effort

【答案】A

【解析】句意：提高工作效率可以使工人们有更多的时间做其他的任务。选项A符合语境。

26.单选题

MayaLinwasanundergraduatestudentatYalewhenshewas______tocreatetheVietnamVeteransMemorialin1981becauseshewonthepublicdesigncompetitionforthememorial.

问题1选项

A.commissioned

B.conditioned

C.streamlined

D.aggregated

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项commissioned“正式委托（谱写或制作、创作、完成）”；B选项conditioned“训练，使习惯于，使适应”；C选项streamlined“使增产节约”；D选项aggregated“总计，合计”。句意：1981年，玛雅林在耶鲁大学读本科时被______设计越南退伍军人纪念馆，因为她赢得了纪念馆的公共设计竞赛。玛雅林赢了设计比赛，可知这里指的是和设计相关事宜，A选项commissioned“正式委托（谱写或制作、创作、完成）”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

27.单选题

Thoughfinedseveraltimes,hestill（）noimportancetohisoldhabits.

问题1选项

A.adheres

B.clings

C.sticks

D.attaches

【答案】D

【解析】attachimportanceto为固定搭配,意为“重视,注意”。句意：尽管被罚了几次款,他仍然不重视他的旧习惯。选项D符合句意。

28.单选题

Hecarriedapalebonewhichhekeptthrowingoutintotheduneforthebirddogto______.

问题1选项

A.cast

B.trace

C.chase

D.retrieve

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项cast“扔，掷，抛”；B选项trace“寻找到，追踪”；C选项chase“追赶，追捕”；D选项retrieve“（从不属于某物应该在的地方）找回，取回”。句意：他拿着一根白骨，不断把它扔到沙丘里，让猎鸟犬去______。骨头被反复扔到沙丘里，就是为了让狗去取回，因此D选项正确。

29.单选题

Hetoldusalotofjokesandhadus______allthroughthemeal.

问题1选项

A.laughing

B.laugh

C.laughed

D.tolaugh

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他给我们讲了好多笑话，让我们在吃饭的时候笑个不停。A选项havesb./sth.doing“让某人做某事，让某情况发生”，含有动作正在进行之意，haduslaughing“让我们笑”；B选项havesb.do“请/派别人完成某事；经历某种不幸”；C选项havesth.done“请/派别人完成某事；完成某事（可能参与）；遭受某种不幸”；D选项havesth.todo“有某事要完成”。这里指的是笑话让我们一直笑，有强调状态的含义，A选项laughing符合题意。因此A选项正确。

30.单选题

Hedoesn’t（）muchinterestinhisstudieswiththeresultthathefailsinexamstimeandagain.

问题1选项

A.indicate

B.exert

C.manifest

D.express

【答案】D

【解析】expressaninterestin...为固定搭配，意为“对...表现出兴趣”。所以选项D正确。

31.单选题

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heasksthecrowdassembledintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”,forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauction,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalledsubhasta,meaning“underthespear”,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,goodswereoftensold“bythecandle”:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer,andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.Theauction-roomsasChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworld-famous.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbyprospectivebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“lot”,isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder;hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

Theauctioneermustknowfairlyaccuratelythecurrentmarketvaluesofthegoodsheissellingandheshouldbeacquaintedwithregularbuyersofsuchgoods.Hewillnotwastetimebystaringthebiddingtoolow.Hewillalsoplayontherivalriesamonghisbuyersandsucceedingettingahighpricebyencouragingtwobusinesscompetitorstobidagainsteachother.Itislargelyonhisadvicethatasellerwillfixa“reserve”pricethatisapricebelowwhichthegoodscannotbesold.Eventhebestauctioneers,however,finditdifficulttostopa“knockout”,wherebydealersillegallyarrangebeforehandnottobidagainsteachotherbutnominateoneofthemselvesastheonlybidderinthehopeofbuyinggoodsalatextremelylowprices.Ifsucha“knock-out”comesoff,therealauctionsalelakesplaceprivatelyafterwardsamongthedealers.

1.Acandleusedtobumalatauctionsales________.

2.Anauctioncataloguegivesprospectivebuyers________.

3.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe“