2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号63

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thefillingstation（）becausethereweretoomanyothersonthestreet.

问题1选项

A.wentunder

B.wentthrough

C.fellout

D.fellthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项gounder“破产，屈服”；B选项gothrough“参加，经受，仔细检查，通过”；C选项fellout“争吵”；D选项fellthrough“未能实现”。句意：这个加油站破产了，因为街上还有很多其他的加油站。选项A符合语境。

2.单选题

Ifyouneverreviewyourstagelines,youwillonlyhaveyourselfto（）ifyoufailinyourperformance.

问题1选项

A.complain

B.mistake

C.blame

D.fault

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。toblame意为“该受责备；怪罪；应该负责”。句意“如果你从不复习你的台词，假如在表演时失败了，你只能怪你自己。”选项C符合语境。

3.单选题

Iknowyou’vegotasmoothtongue,sodon’ttalkme（）buyingit.

问题1选项

A.away

B.down

C.out

D.into

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项talkaway“不断的谈”；B选项talkdown“说服，驳倒”；C选项talkout“讲出来”；D选项talkinto“说服某人做某事”。句意：我知道你很会说话，所以不要劝我买这个。选项D符合语境。

4.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

5.单选题

Acomputerprogramcanprovideinformationinwaysthatforcestudentsto（）learninginsteadofbeingmerelyrecipientsofknowledge.

问题1选项

A.shoreup

B.accedeto

C.participatein

D.compensatefor

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项shoreup“支持，加固”；B选项accedeto“加入，同意”；C选项participatein“参加，参与，分享”；D选项compensatefor“赔偿，补偿”。句意：计算机程序可以提供信息，迫使学生参与学习，而不仅仅是知识的接受者。选项C符合语境。

6.单选题

Aftera37-yearadvertisingcareeratYoung&Rubicam,PeterA.Georgescuisfindingtimetopromoteafewcausesthatareasdeartohim.

Mr.Georgescu,66,whooncemanagedwell-knowncampaignslikethe“SofterSideofSears,”retiredaschairmanandchiefexecutiveofYoung&Rubicamin2000,buthesaysheisnowin“themostwonderfulchapterofmylife.”

Itisanaptmetaphorbecausehisbook,TheSourceofSuccess(Jossey-Bass,$27.95)isbeingpublishedthismonth.ThebookaimstoexplainwhatMr.GeorgescuviewsasthetwomajorchallengesfacingAmerica:economiccompetitionfromtheemergingeconomiesofChinaandIndiaandaneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.

“Theonlywaythisnationcancompetewiththosethatproducehigh-qualityproductsatalowerpriceisbygeneratingideasthatbuildaspecialrelationshipwithconsumers,”hesaid.“Everyonehasbuildingsandtechnology;thosearecommodities.Theonlyleverageableassetinthefuturewillbecreativity.”

AnyprofitfromhisbookwillgotoacharitycalledBetterChance,whichfindsbrightchildreninsomeofthenation'spoorestneighborhoodsandhelpsthemtoattendoutstandinghighschools,includingprivateprepschoolslikethePhillipsExeterAcademyinNewHampshire.

Mr.Georgescu,anExeteralumnus,receivedabachelor'sdegreeinpoliticalsciencefromPrincetonandanM.B.A.fromStanfordbeforestartingatYoung&Rubicamin1963.

HesaidhecountedhimselfluckytohavegainedadmissiontoExeterin1954,whenhearrivedintheUnitedStatesattheageof15fromhisnativeRomaniaafterspendingsevenyearsinaCommunistlaborcamp.

“Ihadbeencleaningsewers,andIspokelittleEnglish,butsomeonegavemeachance,”hesaid.“Iwanttodothatforotheryoungpeoplewhoaredisadvantaged.”

HealsovolunteersasaboardmemberoftheNewYorkPhilharmonic.Inthebusinessworld,heholdsthetitleofchairmanemeritusofYoung&Rubicamandservesasadirectorforseveralcompanies.

Heandhiswife,Barbara,liveinManhattanandhaveasonandthreegranddaughters.Herisesat6a.m.mostdaystorunfivemiles,partlyalongtheEastRiver.

“That'showItorturemyself,”hesaid.

1.Fromthefirst3paragraphsweknowthatMr.Georgescuis（）.

2.WhatareMr.GeorgescuviewsaboutthemajorchallengesfacingAmerica?

3.AccordingtoMr.Georgescu,thefutureofeconomiccompetitionliesin（）.

4.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“Exeter”(Line1,Para.6)isthenameof（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

问题1选项

A.anauthor

B.anadvertiser

C.theauthorofthe“SofterSideofSears”

D.chairmanandchiefexecutiveofYoung&Rubicam

问题2选项

A.ChinaandIndia.

B.Competitionandcreativity.

C.Competitionfromtheemergingeconomies.

D.AneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.

问题3选项

A.goodideas

B.consumers

C.commodities

D.creativity

问题4选项

A.ahighschool

B.acharity

C.asmalltown

D.arefugeeshelter

问题5选项

A.AManager’s37-yearAdvertisingCareer

B.TheSourceofSuccess

C.TwoMajorChallengesFacingAmerica

D.AGratefulStudentReturnstheFavor

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。原文第一段提及，作者曾经是一名广告商，而题干问的是现在的职业，所以选项B错误；“SofterSideofSears”是一场活动不是书名，选项C错误；选项D同样也是他过去的职位，所以不正确。原文第三段提及，他的新书《成功之源》即将出版，由此可知，他是一名作者，所以选项A正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“ThebookaimstoexplainwhatMr.GeorgescuviewsasthetwomajorchallengesfacingAmerica:economiccompetitionfromtheemergingeconomiesofChinaandIndiaandaneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.这本书的目的是解释Georgescu所认为的美国面临的两大挑战：来自中国和印度等新兴经济体的经济竞争，以及培养美国公司更多创造力的需要。”简而言之，也就是竞争和创造力。所以选项B正确。

3.词义推断题。根据原文第四段的内容，Mr.Georgescu认为美国要想与那些以较低价格生产高质量产品的国家竞争，唯一的办法就是想出与消费者建立特殊关系的点子。大家都有建筑和技术；这些都是商品。未来唯一可以利用的资产将是创造力。由此可知，选项D正确。

4.词义推断题。上文提及“‘更好机会’的慈善机构帮助一些贫困社区里聪明的孩子上优秀的高中，包括新罕布什尔的菲利普斯埃克塞特学院等私立预科学校。”由此可知，“Exeter”指的是高中学校，所以选项A正确。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是围绕着Mr.Georgescu的新书《成功之源》展开，所以选项B作为标题更恰当。

7.单选题

AsforAnn,Iamnotsureabouther（）inItalian.

问题1选项

A.fluency

B.clarity

C.coherence

D.excellency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fluency“（语言，文章）流利”；B选项clarity“清晰，清楚”；C选项coherence“一致，连贯性”；D选项excellency“优点，美德”。句意：至于安，我不确定她的意大利语是否流利。选项A符合语境。

8.单选题

Althoughhewasknowntobeextremelyreservedinhispublicbehavior,scholarshavediscoveredthathisdiarieswerewrittenwithuncommonfrankness.

问题1选项

A.aloof

B.tender

C.lucid

D.reticent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然大家都知道他在公开场合极其保守，但学者们发现他的日记写得非常坦率。A选项aloof“冷淡的，远离的，冷漠的”；B选项tender“温柔的”；C选项lucid“易懂的”；D选项reticent“沉默的，谨慎的，有保留的”。reserved意为“保守的，保留的”，选项D与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。

9.单选题

Whatweneedtolearnishowtoputtheoryinto（）whenwebeginourfieldworkhere.

问题1选项

A.appearance

B.application

C.accomplish

D.achievement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appearance“外观，出现，露面”；B选项application“应用，运用”；C选项accomplish“完成，实现，达到”；D选项achievement“成就，完成”。句意：当我们开始野外工作时，我们需要学习的是如何将理论应用到实际中去。选项B符合语境。

10.单选题

Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalking,cyclingorswimming,orinwinter,skatingorskiing.Itmaybegameofsomekindfootball,hockey,golf,ortennis.Itmaybemountaineering.

Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakerisksonhighmountains?Thisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure.

Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,asthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare,ofcourse,rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangeroustoignore,butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods.

Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsports,wemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota“teamgame”.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereare,itistrue,no“matches”between“teams”ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydepend,thereisobviouslyteamwork.

Themountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysicalqualities.

Amountainclimbercontinuestoimproveinskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheageofthirty,andmostinternationaltennischampionsareintheirearlytwenties.ButitisnotunusualformanoffiftyorsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsinAlps.Theymaytakemoretimethanyoungermen,buttheyprobablyclimbwithmoreskillandlesswasteofeffort,andtheircertainlyexperienceequalenjoyment.

1.Mountaineeringinvolves（）.

2.Thedifferencebetweenasportandagamehastodowiththekindof（）.

3.Mountaineeringcanbecalledateamsportbecause（）.

4.Mountaineerscompeteagainst（）.

5.Choosethebesttitleforthepassage（）.

问题1选项

A.cold

B.hardship

C.physicalrisk

D.alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.activity

B.rules

C.uniform

D.participants

问题3选项

A.itisanOlympicevent

B.teamscompeteagainsteachother

C.mountaineersdependonotherwhileclimbing

D.thereare5climbersoneachteam

问题4选项

A.nature

B.eachother

C.otherteams

D.internationalstandards

问题5选项

A.mountaineeringisdifferentfromgolfandfootball

B.mountaineeringismoreattractivethanothersports

C.mountaineering

D.mountainclimbers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的一、二句“Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakerisksonhighmountains?人们常常以惊奇的眼光看待那些热衷于攀登高山峻岭的人。因为他们无法理解为什么那些人愿意忍受寒冷和艰难，并且冒险爬上高山?”由此可知，选项A，B，C均是登山会遇到的事情，所以选项D正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段的一、二句“Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,asthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.登山是一项运动，而不是游戏。不像高尔夫球和足球那样有人为的规则。”由此可知，运动和游戏直接的区别就在于规则，选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后一句“Thereare,itistrue,no‘matches’between‘teams’ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydepend,thereisobviouslyteamwork.的确，登山队之间没有‘比赛’，但当登山队站在岩石表面，被一根可能关乎他们生命的绳子连在一起时，这显然是团队合作。”由此可知，选项C符合原文。

4.语义推断题。根据第五段第二句“Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.他必须对抗自然的力量。”所以选项A正确。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是围绕着登山展开，选项A、B、D都过于片面，所以选项C最恰当。

11.单选题

Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.Yetthatiswhattheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemehashadtoaccommodate.WhenthenetworkwasfirstestablishedtherewereonlyahandfulofcomputercentresinAmerica.Insteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.

Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.Nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse;ifthistrendcontinuestheywillrunoutby2011,theOrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,athink-tankforrichcountries,warnedinMay.

Theshortageisnottheonlyproblem;sotooisgrowingcomplexity.IPv4addressesareallocatedinblockstonetworkoperators.Thepathtoreacheachnetworkispublishedonagloballistthatisconstantlyupdated.Bigcomputers,calledrouters,usetheseentriestoguidetheflowoftrafficacrosstheinternet.Butasmoredevicesandnetworkslinktotheinternet,itbecomesnecessarytosubdividetheaddressblocksintoever-smallerunits.Thisrisksovertaxingthemillionsofroutersthathandletheinternet’straffic,whichmustberegularlyupgradedtokeepup.WeretherenoalternativetoIPv4,partsoftheinternetwouldeventuallysufferfromsporadicoutages.

Fortunatelyanewsystemdoesexist,calledinternetprotocolversion6,whichprovides3.4X1038addresses.ThismeansIPv6addressescanbeallocatedtonetworkoperatorsandcompaniesinmuchlargerquantities.Italsoprovidesacleanslateforestablishingnewpathsovertheinternet,reducingcomplexity.Butswitchingmeansupgradingmillionsofdevices.

Infact,supportforIPv6isalreadywidelyavailableinsoftwareandhardware,butithasnotbeenusedmuch.OnlyafewresearchinstitutionsandtheAmericangovernmenttooktheIPv6plungeearlyon.(InAmericaallfederalagenciesmustbecapableofusingIPv6byJune30th2008,byexecutiveorder.)

Butinrecentmonthsthepaceofchangehaspickedup.InFebruaryMrVixie,anetworkengineer,flippedaswitchthatmeansdomainnamescannowmapontoIPv6addresses.Thismayheraldmorewidespreadadoptionofthenewprotocol,sinceitmeansthatanyorganisationcanuseIPv6addresseswithitsdomainnames,anduserscanaccessthemwithoutspecialrigging.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthatthedesignoftheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemeis（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theaddressingsystemIPv4（）.

3.Thepotentialproblemwithinternetprotocolversion4todayisthat（）.

4.ItisimpliedthatIPv6addresses（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.over-populated

B.verypopular

C.outofdate

D.ratherirrational

问题2选项

A.willrunoutby2011

B.cannotkeepupwithsomuchinformation

C.isover-loadedwithtoomanyfunctions

D.isdamagedbyathink-tankforrichcountries

问题3选项

A.nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse

B.carsandrefrigeratorsarefloodingontothenetwork

C.itisgrowingintoakindofcomplexity

D.thereisashortageofavailableaddressesinthenearfuture

问题4选项

A.arenotverypopularforsometechnicalreasons

B.areproducedinmuchlargerquantities

C.areupgradingmillionsofdevices

D.canbeanalternativetoIPv4

问题5选项

A.Theinternet’sfundamentaladdressingscheme

B.Theprincipleofinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4)

C.Thepotentialproblemwiththeexistingaddressingsystem

D.Analternativeinternetprotocoltodealwithaddressshortage

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文第一段的首句“Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.没有人会想到，一个为100万居民设计的城市供水系统，能够在短短几年内应对人口增长1000倍的情况。”以及最后两句“Insteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.互联网的设计者深谋远虑地选择了能够处理40亿个地址的编号系统，而不是能够支持几千或几百万个地址的编号系统。但现在，即使这样也还不够。”由此可知，这个设计是不合理的，因为没有考虑到人口暴增的问题，所以选项D正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第二段的第一句“Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.这个被称为互联网协议4(IPv4)的寻址系统无法跟上涌入网络的电脑、手机、手持设备、游戏机，甚至是汽车和冰箱。”由此可知，IPv4寻址系统跟不上如此多的信息，所以选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段首句“Theshortageisnottheonlyproblem;sotooisgrowingcomplexity.短缺并不是唯一的问题；复杂性也在不断增加。”由此可知，IPv4潜在的问题是不断增加的复杂性，选项C符合原文。

4.词义推断题。根据第三段的最后一句以及第四段的首句“WeretherenoalternativetoIPv4,partsoftheinternetwouldeventuallysufferfromsporadicoutages.Fortunatelyanewsystemdoesexist,calledinternetprotocolversion6,…如果没有IPv4的替代方案，部分互联网最终将遭遇不定时的中断。幸运的是，一种新的系统已经存在，叫作IPv6……”接着后面提到IPv6弥补了IPv4的不足，由此可推断，IPv6可以作为IPv4的替代品，所以选项D正确。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，文章前半部分首先提出了IPv4所出现的问题，接着后面讲到了解决这些问题的替换方案，也就是IPv6，所以选项D作为标题更恰当。

12.单选题

Shelikesthe（）flowerinsteadofthenaturalone.

问题1选项

A.article

B.adventure

C.ancient

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项article“文章”；B选项adventure“冒险”；C选项ancient“古代的”；D选项artificial“人造的，仿造的”。句意：她喜欢人造花而不喜欢天然花。选项D符合语境。

13.单选题

ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.（1）inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas（2）onbothsideswithmany（3）businesses.Here,shopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothing,furniture,hardware,andgroceries.（4）,someshopsoffer（5）.Theseshopsincludeddrugstores,restaurants,shoerepairstores,andbarberorhairdressingshops.（6）inthe1950s,achangebeganto（7）.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet（8）toofewparkingplaceswere（9）shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowded,merchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces（10）thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot（11）thefirstshoppingcenterwasbuilt.Shoppingcenters,orrathermalls,（12）asacollectionofsmallnewstores（13）crowdedcitycentres.（14）byhundredsoffreeparkingspace,customersweredrawnawayfrom（15）areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing（16）ofshoppingcentresled（17）tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.（18）thelate1970s,manyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe（19）ofonestopshopping,mallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks,（20）benches,fountains,andoutdoorentertainment.

问题1选项

A.Asearlyas

B.Early

C.Earlyas

D.Earlier

问题2选项

A.built

B.designed

C.intended

D.lined

问题3选项

A.varied

B.various

C.sorted

D.mixedup

问题4选项

A.Apartfrom

B.However

C.Inaddition

D.Aswell

问题5选项

A.medicalcare

B.food

C.cosmetics

D.services

问题6选项

A.Suddenly

B.Abruptly

C.Contrarily

D.But

问题7选项

A.betakingplace

B.takeplace

C.betakenplace

D.havetakenplace

问题8选项

A.while

B.yet

C.though

D.andthen

问题9选项

A.availablefor

B.availableto

C.usedby

D.readyfor

问题10选项

A.over

B.from

C.outof

D.outside

问题11选项

A.when

B.while

C.since

D.then

问题12选项

A.started

B.founded

C.setup

D.organized

问题13选项

A.outof

B.awayfrom

C.nextto

D.near

问题14选项

A.Attracted

B.Surprised

C.Delighted

D.Enjoyed

问题15选项

A.inner

B.central

C.shopping

D.downtown

问题16选项

A.distinction

B.fame

C.popularity

D.liking

问题17选项

A.on

B.inturn

C.byturns

D.further

问题18选项

A.By

B.During

C.In

D.Towards

问题19选项

A.cheapness

B.readiness

C.convenience

D.handiness

问题20选项

A.becauseof

B.and

C.with

D.provided

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:D

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查副词辨析。A选项Asearlyas“像……一样早的”；B选项Early“在初期”；C选项Earlyas“像……一样早”；D选项Earlier“早期的”。原文指的是“在20世纪初期”，所以选项B符合原文语境。

2.考查动词辨析。A选项build“建立，建造”；B选项design“设计”；C选项intend“打算，想要”；D选项line“排成一排”。根据原文可知，这里是说很多商店沿着街道排成一排，所以选项D符合语境。

3.考查形容词辨析。A选项varied“多变的”；B选项various“各种各样的”；C选项sorted“分类的”；D选项mixup“混淆，调和”。根据原文可知，这里是指各种各样的商店，所以选项B正确。

4.考查逻辑连词。A选项Apartfrom“除……之外”，后面必须接对象，不能单独使用；B选项However“然而”；C选项Inaddition“另外，此外”，可作为插入语使用；D选项Aswell“同样地，此外”，一般用于句尾。所以选项C正确。

5.考查名词辨析。A选项medicalcare“医疗护理”；B选项food“食物”；C选项cosmetics“装饰品”；D选项service“服务”。上文提到，商店提供各类商品，这里应该是提供服务，选项D符合语境。

6.考查上下文语义。A选项Suddenly“突然地”；B选项Abruptly“唐突地，硬生生地”；C选项Contrarily“相反地”；D选项But“但是”。根据原文可知，这里是指20世纪50年代发生了变化，前后形成转折的关系，所以选项D符合语境。

7.考查时态和语态。begintodosth.意为“开始做某事”，后接动词原形，且takeplace没有被动语态，所以只有选项B正确。

8.考查逻辑连词。A选项while“然而”，表对比；B选项yet“但是，然而”，表转折；C选项though“尽管”；D选项andthen“于是，然后”。前面提到了很多汽车，和后面很少的停车位形成了对比，所以选项A符合语境。

9.考查词组辨析。A选项availablefor“可用于……的”；B选项availableto“现有的”；C选项usedby“被……用来”；D选项readyfor“为……做好准备”。beavailableto意为“可被……利用，可得到的”，这里指的是“可供购物者使用的停车位太少”，所以选项B正确。

10.考查副词辨析。A选项over“在……之上”；B选项from“来自于”；C选项outof“在……外面”；D选项outside“在……范围之外”。根据原文可知，这里是指“商人们开始对城市界限范围外的空地感兴趣。”所以选项D更符合语境。

11.考查逻辑连词。根据句意“当第一个购物中心建成的时候，他们就获得了空地”，这里是一个时间状语从句，所以选项A符合语境。

12.考查动词辨析。A选项started“开始”；B选项founded“建立”；C选项setup“建立”；D选项organized“组织”。根据句意“购物中心，或者更确切地说，商场，最初是从一些小型新商店的集合开始（形成）的”，选项A符合语境。

13.考查上下文语义。结合上文语境可知，既然是城市界限范围之外的空地，应该是远离拥挤的城市中心，所以选项B符合语境。

14.考查动词辨析。A选项Attract“吸引”；B选项Surprise“使惊奇”；C选项Delight“使高兴”；D选项Enjoy“欣赏，享受”。根据句意可知，顾客应该是被免费的停车位所吸引，所以选项A符合语境。

15.考查上下文语义。A选项inner“内部的”；B选项central“中心的”；C选项shopping“购物”；D选项downtown“市区”。根据原文可知，这里指顾客们离开市区去到偏远的商场购物，所以选项D符合语境。

16.考查名词辨析。A选项distinction“区别，荣誉”；B选项fame“名声，威望”；C选项popularity“普及，流行，小有名气”；D选项liking“爱好，喜好”。根据原文可知，这里是指购物中心越来越受欢迎，甚至小有名气，所以选项C符合语境。

17.考查上下文语义。A选项leadonto“引导到”；B选项inturn“反过来”；C选项byturn“轮流”；D选项further“更远地”。根据句意“购物中心越来越受欢迎，这反过来又导致了更大、更好，库存充足的商店的建立。”选项B符合语境。

18.考查语法时态。根据后面的关键信息“hadalmostdeveloped”可知，句子时态为完成时，只有选项A符合要求。By+一段时间表示“到……的时候”。

19.考查名词辨析。A选项cheapness“廉价”；B选项readiness“敏捷，迅速”；C选项convenience“便利”；D选项handiness“轻便，灵巧”。根据原文可知，这里应该是提供一站式购物的便利，所以选项C符合语境。

20.考查连词辨析。根据句意“购物中心被改造成景观公园，配有长椅、喷泉和户外娱乐设施。”这里应该用with表伴随，选项C正确。

14.单选题

Humansocietiestheworldoverhaveconfrontedthesameexistentialproblemsandhavecometoremarkably（）solutions,differingonlyinsuperficialdetails.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.diverse

C.varied

D.similar

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项identical“完全相同的”；B选项diverse“不同的，多种多样的”；C选项varied“各式各样的”；D选项similar“相似的”。句意：人类社会都会面临同样的生存问题，但都能找到非常相似的解决方案，只是在表面的细节上有所不同。选项D符合语境。

15.单选题

Thepsychologistcitedseveralinstancesofinsubordinatebehavior.

问题1选项

A.neglected

B.worried

C.mentioned

D.reduced

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：心理学家……几个不服从行为的例子。cite指的是引用，列举。A选项neglect“忽略，忽视”；B选项worry“担心”；C选项mention“提及，谈到”；D选项reduce“减少，缩小”。选项C代入后最符合语境。

16.单选题

Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways（）.

问题1选项

A.favorable

B.predictable

C.dependable

D.reasonable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项favorable“有利的，良好的”；B选项predictable“可预测的”；C选项dependable“可靠的，可信赖的”；D选项reasonable“合理的”。句意：随着环境的不断变化，结果并不总是可以预测的。选项B符合语境。

17.单选题

Inthewife’seyes,his（）totheirmarriagelifeisfarfromperfect.

问题1选项

A.requirement

B.commitment

C.participation

D.reflection

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项requirement“要求”；B选项commitment“承诺，保证”；C选项participation“参与，分享”；D选项reflection“反射，沉思”。句意：在妻子眼中，他对婚姻生活的承诺是远远不够的。选项B符合语境。

18.单选题

Thepaintingwasavaluablefamilypossession,whichhadbeen（）fromgenerationtogeneration.

问题1选项

A.handedover

B.handedout

C.handeddown

D.handedacross

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项handover“交出，移交”；B选项handout“分发，施舍”；C选项handdown“宣传，流传下去”；D选项handacross无此搭配。句意：这幅画是一件珍贵的家财，一直代代相传。选项C符合语境。

19.单选题

Theformandphysiologyofleavesvaryaccordingtothe（）inwhichtheydevelop:forexample,leavesdisplayawiderangeofadaptationstodifferentdegreesoflightandmoisture.

问题1选项

A.relationship

B.environment

C.sequence

D.arrangement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项relationship“关系，关联”；B选项environment“环境，外界”；C选项sequence“序列，顺序，续发事件”；D选项arrangement“布置，安排”。句意：叶片的形态和生理机能因其生长环境的不同而不同：例如，叶片对不同程度的光照和湿度表现出广泛的适应性。选项B符合语境。

20.单选题

Therehavebeenseveralattemptstointroducegayercolorsandstylesinmen’sclothing,butnoneofthem（）.

问题1选项

A.hascaughton

B.hascaughthimout

C.hascaughtup

D.takeroots

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项原形是catchon“理解，明白，变得流行”；B选项原形是catchout“发现……有错误”；C选项原形是catchup“赶上”；D选项takeroots“生根，扎根”。句意“曾有几次尝试在男装中引入更鲜艳的颜色和风格，但都没有流行起来”。选项A符合语境。

21.单选题

Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.

Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday'srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.

Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.

Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.

Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.

Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.

First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.

Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.Ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer.Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.

Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety’sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare.In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.

Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.

1.Theauthor'smainpurposetowritethisarticleis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause（）.

4.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause（）.

5.Wemayconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.todefine(下定义)whatthepovertylineis

B.toexplainwhysomepeoplelivethepovertyline

C.tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpoverty

D.toshowsympathyforthosepoorpeople

问题2选项

A.TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.

B.Poorpeoplearethosewholivebelowthepovertyline.

C.Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.

D.Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.

问题3选项

A.theydonothaveenoughmotivation

B.theyaresoyoungthattheydon’thavetherighttowork

C.theyfailtogetenougheducation

D.theyareverypoorinhealth

问题4选项

A.theydonothaveanymotivationtowork

B.theyarenotveryself-confident

C.theyaretooyoungo