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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Theyareharmfultohealth.
B.Theyenrichourexperience.
C.Theyarenecessaryinourlives.
D.Theyshouldbedoneawaywith.
问题2选项
A.Theyareexhaustedevenwithoutdoinganyheavywork.
B.Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife’sproblems.
C.Theyareanxioustofreethemselvesfromlife’stroubles.
D.Theyfeelstressedoutevenwithoutanychallengesinlife.
问题3选项
A.Theylessenourburdens.
B.Theynarrowourfocus.
C.Theyprolongourlives.
D.Theyexpandourmind.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:D
【解析】RecordingOne
Let’ssayyoustarttobrainstormalistofalltheemotionsyoueverexperienced.Justforfun,tryitnow.
What’sonyourlist?Chancesare,youincludedthingslike:happy,sad,excited,angry,afraid,grateful,proud,scared,confused,stressed,relaxedandamazed.Nowsortyourlistintotwocategories:positiveemotionsandnegativeemotions.
Feelingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsisanaturalpartofbeinghuman.[16]Wemightusetheword“negative”todescribemoredifficultemotions,butitdoesn’tmeanthoseemotionsarebadorweshouldn’thavethem.Still,mostpeoplewouldprobablyratherfeelapositiveemotionthananegativeone.It’slikelyyouprefertofeelhappyinsteadofsadorconfidentinsteadofinsecure.
Whatmattersishowouremotionsarebalanced,howmuchofeachtypeoftheemotion,positiveornegative,weexperience.
Negativeemotionswarnusofthreatsorchallengesthatwemayneedtodealwith.Forexample,fearcanalertustopossibledanger,it’sasignalthatwemightneedtoprotectourselves.Angryfeelingswarnusthatsomeoneissteppingonourtoes,crossingaboundaryorviolatingourtrust.Angercanbeasignalthatwemightneedtoactonourownbehalf.
Negativeemotionsfocusourawareness.Theyhelpustozeroinonaproblemsowecandealwithit.[17]Buttoomanynegativeemotionscanmakeusfeeloverwhelmed,anxious,exhaustedorstressedout.Whennegativeemotionsareoutofbalance,problemsmightseemtoobigtohandle.
Themorewedwellonnegativeemotions,themorenegativewebegintofeel.Focusingonnegativityjustkeepsitgoing.
Positiveemotionsbalanceoutnegativeones,buttheyhaveotherpowerfulbenefits,too.[18]Insteadofnarrowingourfocus,likenegativeemotionsdo,positiveemotionsaffectourbrainsinwaysthatincreaseourawareness,attentionandmemory.Theyhelpustakeinmoreinformation,holdseveralideasinmindatonceandunderstandhowdifferentideasrelatetoeachother.
Whenpositiveemotionsopenusuptonewpossibilities,wearemoreabletolearnandbuildonourskills.Thatleadstodoingbetterontasksandtests.
Peoplewhohaveplentyofpositiveemotionsintheireverydaylivestendtobehappier,healthier,learnbetterandgetalongwellwithothers.
16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutnegativeemotions?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问关于负面情绪,说话者说了些什么?录音前面部分提到:我们可能会用“负面”一词来描述让人难受的情绪,但是这并不意味着这种情绪很糟糕或者我们不该有这种情绪。也就是说“它们(负面情绪)在我们的生活中是必要的”,C选项符合录音原文表述。A选项“它们对健康有害”和B选项“它们丰富我们的经验”在录音中均没有提及;D选项“它们应该被摒弃”恰好与录音表达的意思相反,因此不正确。
17.Whathappenstopeoplewhosenegativeemotionsareoutofbalance?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题目问负面情绪失衡的人会发生什么?录音在谈到负面情绪时提到,负面情绪会集中我们的意识,这样我们就可以处理问题,但是出现过多的负面情绪会使我们不堪重负、焦虑、疲惫或压力过大。负面情绪一旦失去平衡,问题似乎变得太大而无法处理。因此B选项“他们感到不堪重负以致无法处理生活问题”与录音原文表述相符。A选项“即使不干重活,他们也筋疲力尽”;C选项“他们渴望摆脱生活的烦恼”和D选项“即使生活中没有任何挑战,他们还是感到紧张”在录音中均没有提及。
18.Howdopositiveemotionsaffectus?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问积极情绪是如何影响我们的?录音提到,(积极情绪)不像负面情绪那样会让我们缩小注意力的范围,积极情绪会影响我们的大脑,增强我们的意识、注意力和记忆力。它们帮助我们获取更多的信息,同时记住一些想法,并了解不同的想法是如何相互关联的。因此D选项“它们扩展我们的思维”正确。A选项“它们减轻我们的负担”和C选项“它们延长我们的寿命”在录音中均没有信息提及;B选项“它们使我们集中注意力”是负面情绪的作用,因此不正确。
2.单选题
HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurichaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhave()theattitudesofdifferentsocialgroupsandhaverevealedhowtheauthoritiesadministeredjustice.
问题1选项
A.laminated
B.ruminated
C.illuminated
D.eliminated
【答案】C
【解析】形近词词义辨析。laminate“分成薄片”;ruminate“沉思,反复思考”;illuminate“阐明,说明”;eliminate“消除,排除”。句意:罗伊•拉杜里克这样一些历史家从记录中提取出历史案例,这些案例说明了不同社会群体的态度以及他们是如何执行司法的。选项C符合题意。
3.单选题
Itwouldbe()tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.
问题1选项
A.subtle
B.feeble
C.nasty
D.naive
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。subtle“微妙的,精细的”;feeble“微弱的,无力的”;nasty“肮脏的”;naive“天真的”。句意:以为那样便可以解决这个领域所有问题真的是太天真了。选项D符合题意。
4.单选题
Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Itmayputtoomuchpressureonteammembers.
B.Itmayharmthecultureoftoday’sworkplace.
C.Itmayhinderindividualcareeradvancement.
D.Itmayresultinunwillingnesstotakerisks.
问题2选项
A.Theycanhardlygiveexpressiontotheiroriginalviews.
B.Theymayeventuallylosetheirconfidenceandcreativity.
C.Theycanbecomelessmotivatedtodoprojectsoftheirown.
D.Theymayfindithardtogettheircontributionsrecognized.
问题3选项
A.Theycangetchancestoengageinresearch.
B.Theycanenlargetheirprofessionalcircle.
C.Theycancompletetheprojectmoreeasily.
D.Theycanmakethebestuseoftheirexpertise.25.
问题4选项
A.Itmaypreventmakingatimelydecision.
B.Itmaycauselotsofargumentsinateam.
C.Itmaydepriveateamofbusinessopportunities.
D.Itmaygiverisetoalotofunnecessaryexpenses.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:A
【解析】RecordingThree
TodayI’dliketotalkaboutthedangersofbeingtoocollaborative.Beingagoodteamplayerisacentralskillinourmodernworkplace.Theabilitytoworkwellwithothersandcollaborateonprojectsisasought-afterabilityinnearlyeveryposition.However,[22]placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayercannegativelyaffectyourcareergrowth.
Don’tbeoverlyfocusedongainingconsensus.Don’tbetooconcernedwiththeopinionsofothers.Thiscanhinderyourabilitytomakedecisions,speakupandgainrecognitionforyourindividualskillsandstrengths.
Somepeoplearetoosubordinatetoothers’opinions,toofocusedondecisionconsensus,toosilentabouttheirownpointofview,tooagreeabletotakethingsonwhentheydon’thavetimeorenergy.Thisleadstobuildingabrandofunderconfident,submissive,low-impactnon-leadersandhampersthen-growthandcareeradvancement.
[23]Collaborationcertainlymakesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify.Collaborativeprojectsmeanyou’resharingthespotlightwithothers.Outsidersmaythenfinditdifficulttodetermineyourcontributionsandstrengths.Thismayendupcostingyouopportunitiesforpromotionsorpayraises.Youcertainlyshouldn’tditchteamwork,buthowcanyouavoidthehazardsofbeinganover-collaborator?
Workinginateamcanhavehugebenefits.Yourteammayhaverepeatedsuccessesandoftengainrecognition,[24]youthenhavemoreopportunitiestoexpandyourprofessionalnetworkthanifyouworkedalone.However,findingabalancebetweenteameffortsandindividualprojectsthatgiveyouindependentrecognitionisimportantformakinganameforyourselfandprovidingopportunitiesforadvancement.
Beselectiveinwhoyouworkwith.Thiswillmaximizethebenefitsandminimizethedownsidesofbeingateamplayer.Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise.Selectprojectswherethere’spotentialformutualbenefit.Perhapsyou’rebringingyouruniqueknowledgeandgainingaccesstosomeoneelse’sprofessionalnetwork.Ormaybeyou’reabletolearnanewskillbyworkingwithsomeone.Seekoutyourteammatespurposefullyratherthanjumpingoneverynewgroupprojectopportunity.
Whenwe’retoocollaborative,wewanteveryonetoagreewithadecisionbeforeweproceed.[25]Thiscancreateunnecessarydelaysasyouholdmeetingstryingtoachieveconsensus.It’sfinetobecollaborativewhenseekinginput,butputadeadlineontheinputstageandarriveatadecision,evenifit’sadecisionthatdoesn’thaveconsensus.
22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbeingovercollaborative?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问的是录音中给出的关于过度合作的信息。录音开头提到过于强调成为一个好的团队成员会对职业发展产生负面影响,这里placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayer即问题中所说的beingovercollaborative,因此C选项“可能阻碍个人职业发展”符合原文。A选项“它可能给团队成员带来太大压力”;B选项“它可能会损害当今的职场文化”和D选项“它可能会导致人们不愿意冒险”在录音中均未提及。
23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeopleengagedincollaborativeprojects?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问关于参与合作项目的人,说话者说了什么?录音提到,合作会使个人能力和个人贡献更难被外人发现(makesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify)。D选项“他们可能会发现自己的贡献很难被识别出来”与之表述相符,因此正确。A选项“他们几乎不能表达他们原来的观点”,录音说的是“他们太过隐藏自己的观点”(toosilentabouttheirownpointofview),因此A选项不正确;录音中只是提到了underconfident(信心不足),并没有提到“合作”对创造力和动力的影响,因此B选项“他们最终可能会失去信心和创造力”和C选项“他们会变得更没有动力去做自己的项目”均不正确。
24.Howdopeoplebenefitfromworkinginateam?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题目问人们从团队合作中得到什么益处?录音提到,在团队中工作有很大的好处——团队也许会多次获得成功,并经常获得认可,团队成员便有更多的机会来扩大其职业关系网(expandyourprofessionalnetwork),因此B选项“他们可以扩大自己的职业圈子”与之表述相符。A选项“他们可能有机会从事研究工作”这一信息在录音中并未提及;C选项“他们可以更容易地完成项目”,录音中没有对比个人项目和团队项目哪个更容易完成,因此可排除;D选项“他们可以充分利用自己的专业知识”,利用录音中的expertise设置干扰,录音中指的是与专业知识互补的人合作(Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise),而不是利用自己的专业知识,因此D选项也不正确。
25.Whyisitundesirabletospendtoomuchtimetryingtoreachconsensus?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问为什么花太多时间以求达成共识会令人讨厌?录音最后提到,当我们过度合作时,会希望每个人都同意某个决定,而这会造成不必要的延误(createunnecessarydelays),也就是说“可能会妨碍我们及时做出决定”,因此A选项正确。B选项“可能会在团队中引起很多争论”在录音中未提及;C选项“可能剥夺团队的商业机会”,主要是利用录音中的opportunitiesforadvancement(晋升机会)和groupprojectopportunity(团队项目机会)设干扰,但这些不等同于C选项中的businessopportunities(商业机会),因此C选项不能选;D选项“可能会产生很多不必要的费用”在录音中也没有信息提及。
5.单选题
Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively()bytheuseofhumor.
问题1选项
A.acquainted
B.installed
C.regulated
D.facilitated
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。acquaint“使熟悉”;install“安装”;regulate“调节”;facilitate“促进”。句意:幽默可以有效促进职场员工的凝聚力发展和团队合作意识。选项D符合题意。
6.单选题
Forreasonsofpersonalsafety,themantoldthepolicethathewishedtoremain().
问题1选项
A.anonymous
B.suspicious
C.conspicuous
D.rigorous
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。anonymous“匿名的,无名的”;suspicious“可疑的;多疑的”;conspicuous“显著的,显而易见的”;rigorous“严格的;严密的;严酷的”。句意:考虑到人身安全,这个男人告诉警察他希望能够保持匿名。选项A符合题意。
7.单选题
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Thewoman’searningsovertheyears.
B.Thekeytorunningashopatalowcost.
C.Thebusinesssuccessofthewoman’sshop.
D.Thewoman’srelationshipwithothershops.
问题2选项
A.Keepdownitsexpenses.
B.Improveitscustomerservice.
C.Expanditsbusinessscale.
D.Upgradethegoodsitsells.
问题3选项
A.Theyareingreatdemand.
B.Theyaredeliveredfreeofcharge.
C.Theyareverypopularwiththelocalresidents.
D.Theyaresoldatlowerpricesthaninothershops.
问题4选项
A.Tomaintainfriendlyrelationshipswithothershops.
B.Toavoidbeingputoutofbusinessincompetition.
C.Toattractmorecustomersintheneighborhood.
D.Tofollowthecustomofthelocalshopkeepers.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:A
【解析】ConversationTwo
M:[5]Yousayyourshophasbeendoingwell.Couldyougivemesomeideaofwhatdoingwellmeansinfactsandfigures?
W:Well,doingwellmeansaveraging1,200poundsormoreaweekforabout7years,makingalmostaquarterofamillionpounds.Anddoingwellmeansyourearningsarerising.Lastyearwedidslightlyover50,000andthisyearwehopetodomorethan60,000.Sothat’sgoodifwecontinuetorise.
M:Nowthat’sgrowthonearningsIassume.Whataboutyourexpenses?
W:Yes,that’sgrowth.Theexpensesofcoursegoupsteadily.Andsincewe’vemovedtothisnewshop,theexpenseshaveincreasedgreatlybecauseit’samuchbiggershop.SoIcouldn’tsayexactlywhatourexpensesare.There’ssomethingintheregionof6or7thousandpoundsayear,whichisnothigh—commerciallyspeaking,it’sverylow.[6]Andwetrytokeepourexpensesaslowaswecan.
M:[7]Andyourpricesaremuchlowerthanthesamegoodsinshopsroundabout.Howdothelocalshopkeepersfeelabouthavingashopdoingsowellintheirmidst?
W:Perhapsalotofthemdon’trealizehowwellwe’redoingbecausewedon’tmakeapointofpublicizing.Thatwasalessonwe’velearnedveryearlyon.Wewereveryfriendlywithalllocalshop-keepersandwehavebeentomentiontoalocalshopkeeperhowmuchwehavemadethatweek.Hewasveryunhappyandneverasfriendlyagain.Sowemakeapointofneverpublicizingtheamountofthemoneywemake.Butwe’reonverygoodtermswithalltheshops;noneofthemhaveevercomplainedthatwe’reputtingthemoutofbusinessoranythinglikethat.Ithinkit’sanicefunnyrelationship.[8]Maybeiftheydidknowwhatwemade,perhapstheywouldn’tbesofriendly.
5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么?在录音开头,男士就问女士能否用事实和数据来说明她的店铺经营良好。接下来女士从盈利、开支、与其他店主之间的关系三方面进行阐述。C选项“女士店铺的成功经营”最能概括对话的主要内容,因此正确。A选项“这些年女士的收入”和D选项“女士与其他店铺的关系”虽然在录音中有提及,但只是女士在讲述其店铺经营时的一些具体方面,并不是对话的主题,因此可排除;B选项“低成本经营店铺的关键因素”在录音中并没有信息提及。
6.Whatdoesthewomansayhershoptriestodo?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问女士说她的店铺试图做什么?男士问到女士店铺的开支时,女士提到其店铺在该地区一年要支出6000至7000英镑,但其实并不算多,接着还说他们会尽可能降低开支(wetrytokeepourexpensesaslowaswecan)。A选项“降低其开支”是对录音原文的同义替换,因此正确。B选项“改善顾客服务质量”;C选项“扩大业务规模”和D选项“升级销售的产品”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此排除。
7.Whatdowelearnaboutgoodssoldatthewoman’sshop?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问关于女士店铺出售的商品,我们了解到什么?根据录音中,男士向女士问的最后一个问题:同样的商品,女士店铺里销售的要比附近其他商店价格要低很多,附近的商店对女士店铺经营得如此好是怎么看的。由此可知,D选项“它们的售价比其他店铺低”与录音原文表述相符,因此正确。A选项“它们的需求量很大”;B选项“它们免费送货”和C选项“它们很受当地居民的欢迎”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此排除。
8.Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttomakeknowntheirearningsanymore?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问为什么这位女士不想让别人知道他们的收入了?录音中提及女士的店铺曾向当地的店主提及赚了多少钱,使得与其他店主关系变差了,因此他们不再公布自己的收入了。由此可推测,女士不宣扬其店铺收入是想与其他店主保持良好的关系。因此A选项“与其他商店保持友好关系”正确。B选项“避免在商业竞争中被淘汰”;C选项“为了吸引更多附近的客户”和D选项“跟随当地店主的习惯做法”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此排除。
8.单选题
TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir()destinationisRome.
问题1选项
A.ultimate
B.prime
C.next
D.cardinal
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。ultimate“最终的”;prime“主要的,最好的”;next“接下来的”;cardinal“主要的,基本的;深红色的”。句意:他们打算去伦敦,但是他们最终的目的地是罗马。选项A符合题意。
9.单选题
Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.
B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.
C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.
D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.
问题2选项
A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.
B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.
C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.
D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.
问题3选项
A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.
B.Alwaysplacekid’sinterestfirst.
C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.
D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:D
【解析】RecordingThree
Today,I’dliketotalkaboutwhathappenswhencelebrityrolemodelsgetbehindhealthyhabitsbutatthesametimepromotejunkfood?[23]Currently,thereismountingcriticismofMichelleObama’sLet’sMove!Campaign,whichfightschildhoodobesitybyencouragingyoungsterstobecomemorephysicallyactive,andhassignedonsingerBeyonce,andbasketballplayerShaquilleO’Neal,bothofwhomalsoendorsesodas,whichareamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic.Nowthere’salotmoreevidenceofhowpowerfulacelebrity—especiallyaprofessionalathlete—canbeininfluencingchildren’sbehavior.
InareportpublishedbytheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity,researchersstudied100professionalathletesandtheirendorsementcontracts.Theteamfocusedonathletessincetheyaretheoreticallythebestrolemodelsforactive,healthylifestylesforchildren.Aftersortingthedealsbycategory,theydeterminedthatamongthe512brandsassociatedwiththeathletes,mostinvolvedsportinggoods,followedcloselybyfoodandbeveragebrands.
Sportsdrinks,whichareoftenhighinsugarandcaloriesmadeupmostofthefoodanddrinkdeals,withsoftdrinksandfastfoodfillingouttheremainder.Ofthe46beveragesendorsedbyprofessionalathletes,93%reliedexclusivelyonsugarforalloftheircalories.
It’snosurprisethathighprofileathletescaninfluencechildren’seatingbehaviors,butthescientistswereabletoquantifyhowprevalenttheseendorsementsareinthechildren’senvironment.Advertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletesandtheirendorsedproductstendtogetimpressiveexposure,onTV,radio,inprintandonline.Andin2010,[24]theresearchersreportedthatchildrenages12to17sawmoreathlete-endorsedfoodandbeveragebrandcommercialsthanadults.
Onereasonanycampaignwantsapopularcelebrityspokespersonisbecausekidsareattractedtothemnomatterwhattheyaredoing.Wecan’texpectkidstoturnoffthatadmirationwhenthesamepersonissellingsugar.Atbest,kidsmightbeconfused.Atworst,they’llthinkthemessagesaboutsodaarethesameasthemessagesaboutwater.Butthosetwobeveragesaren’tthesame.
Ifchildrenareturningtoathletesasrolemodels,it’sintheirbestinterestiftheiridolsareconsistent.[25]Consistentmessagingofpositivebehaviorswillshowhealthierlifestylesforkidstofollow.
23.WhatistheaimofMichelleObama’scampaign?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问米歇尔•奥巴马竞选的目的是什么?录音开头提到目前针对米歇尔•奥巴马的“让我们动起来”的运动有越来越多的评论,该运动鼓励孩子多参加运动来对抗儿童肥胖。因此米歇尔•奥巴马发起该运动的目的就是对抗儿童肥胖,A选项与原文表述一致,因此正确。B选项“帮助弱势儿童”;C选项“敦促孩子们跟随他们的榜样”在录音中均未提及;D选项“鼓励孩子多运动”最具干扰性,这是对抗儿童肥胖的方式,并不是最终的目的,因此不正确。
24.Whatdoesresearchfindaboutadvertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletes?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问关于职业运动员广告的研究发现了什么?根据录音,2010年,研究人员报道指出,12到17岁的孩子比成年人看更多由运动员代言的食品和饮料品牌的广告。也就是说,由专业运动员代言的广告给孩子留下的印象比给成年人留下的更深刻。D选项“他们给孩子留下的印象比给成年人留下的印象更深刻”与原文表述相符,因此正确。A选项“出现在电视上最有效”;B选项“放在网上时最能促进产品销量”,利用TV和online设置干扰项,录音原文并没有对这些广告出现在什么地方最有效进行对此,因此可排除;C选项“它们变得越来越普遍”在录音中并未提及,因此也可排除。
25.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkkids’idolsshoulddo?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问说话者认为孩子们的偶像应该做什么?录音最后提到,如果孩子们以运动员为榜样,如果他们的这些偶像能够始终如一,那么孩子们将得到最大的益处。持续传达积极行为的信息能向孩子们展现他们应该要追随的更健康的生活方式,所以讲话人认为孩子们的偶像应该一直传达积极行为的信息。D选项中的atalltimes是录音中consistent的同义表达,因此D选项“时刻传达积极的行为”正确。A选项“做他们向公众提倡的事情”;B选项“总是把孩子的利益放在首位”以及C选项“在孩子面前注意他们的形象”在录音中均没有提及,因此排除。
10.单选题
ThebrideandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo()themarriage.
问题1选项
A.terminate
B.initiate
C.consummate
D.separate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。terminate“终止,结束”;initiate“开始”;consummate“完成”;separate“分开”。句意:当听到他们的家人要带他们去罗马完婚,这对新郎新娘感到非常幸福。选项C符合题意。
11.单选题
Pickingflowersintheparkisabsolutely().
问题1选项
A.avoided
B.prohibited
C.rejected
D.repelled
【答案】B
【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:在公园里摘花是绝对禁止的。选项B符合语境。
12.单选题
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Itisacollectionofphotos.
B.Itisanintroductiontomusic.
C.ItisaboutthecityofBruges.
D.ItisabookofEuropeanhistory.
问题2选项
A.WhenwritingaboutBelgium’scoastalregions.
B.Whentakingpicturesforaconcertcatalogue.
C.WhenvacationinginanItaliancoastalcity.
D.WhenpaintingtheconcerthallofBruges.
问题3选项
A.TherichheritageofEuropewillbelostcompletely.
B.TheseawaterofEuropewillbeseriouslypolluted.
C.TheentireEuropeancoastlinewillbesubmerged.
D.ThemajorEuropeanscenicspotswilldisappear.
问题4选项
A.Touristsusewoodenpathstoreachtheirhotelsinthemorning.
B.Itattractslargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandabroad.
C.Peoplecannotgetaroundwithoutusingboats.
D.Itswaterwaysarebeingincreasinglypolluted.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:A
【解析】ConversationTwo
W:Mr.DeKeyzer,I’magreatloverofyourbookMomentsBeforetheFlood.Canyoutellushowyoufirstbecameinterestedinthissubjectmatter?
M:In2006,[6]whentheconcerthallofthecityofBrugesaskedmetotakesomepicturesforacatalogueforanewconcertseasonaroundthethemeofwater,IfoundmyselfworkingalongtheBelgiancoastline.Astherehadbeennumerousalarmingarticlesinthepressaboutaclimatecatastrophewaitingtohappen,Istartedlookingattheseaandthebeachverydifferently,aplacewhereIspentsomanyperfectdaysasachild.Thisfearofaloomingdangerbecame[5]thesubjectofalarge-scalephotoproject.
W:[5]Youwroteinthebook,“Idon’twanttophotographthedisaster;Iwanttophotographthedisasterwaitingtohappen.”Canyoutalkabitaboutthat?
M:[7]Itisclearnowthatit’samatteroftimebeforetheentireEuropeancoastlinedisappearsunderwater.Thesamegoesfornumerousbigcitiesaroundtheworld.Myideawastophotographthisbeautifulandveryuniquecoastline,richinhistory,beforeit’stoolate—asalastwitness.
W:Canyoutalkabitabouthowhistoryplaysaroleinthisproject?
M:Sure.TheprojectisalsoaboutthehistoryofEuropelookingattheseaandwonderingwhenthenextenemywouldappear.Intheimages,youseeallkindsofpossibledefenseconstructionstoholdbacktheRomans,Germans,Vikings,andnownatureasenemynumberone.Forexample,thereistheimageofthebridgeintotheseatakenattheNormandyD-Daylandingsite.Also,Venice,thecityeternallythreatenedbythesea,[8]whereeverymorningwoodenpathwayshavetobesetuptoallowtouriststoreachtheirhotels.
W:Thankyou,Mr.DeKeyzer.Itwasapleasuretohaveyouwithustoday.
5.WhatdoesthemansayaboutthebookMomentsBeforetheFlood?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问关于《洪水来临前》这本书,男士说了什么?录音开头,男士提到他受邀为新一季音乐会拍摄以水为主题的照片时恰巧在海边工作,因有感于如此美丽的海滩日后有可能因气候灾难而消失于水下,便将这种对潜在危险的恐惧作为一个大型摄影项目的主题。根据关键信息thesubjectofalarge-scalephotoproject(一个大型摄影项目的主题)可知,男士认为MomentsBeforetheFlood是一本照片集,因此A选项正确。B选项“它是一本介绍音乐的书”和C选项“它是一本关于布鲁日市的书”只是利用个别词来设置干扰,与题干不相干,因此排除;D选项“一本讲述欧洲历史的书”,录音最后虽然提及欧洲的历史,但欧洲历史只是其中的一部分内容,并不是完全讲述欧洲历史,因此D选项表述不准确。
6.Whendidthemangethisideaforthework?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题目问男士是什么时候想到开始这个工作的?录音开头,女士便询问男士一开始是怎样对这一主题感兴趣的。男士回答当时布鲁日市的音乐厅要求他为新一季音乐会拍摄一系列以水为主题的照片,B选项“那时为音乐会拍摄一系列照片”是对录音原文的概括,因此正确。A选项“写关于比利时沿海地区的文章”,录音只是提及男士受邀为音乐会拍摄照片时,他正好在比利时沿海地区工作,因此A选项不正确;C选项“那时在意大利沿海城市度假”在录音中并没有提及;D选项“那时为布鲁日音乐厅绘画”主要错在painting一词,与原文表述的takesomepictures不符,因此可排除。
7.Whatwillhappenwhentheclimatecatastropheoccurs?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问当气候灾难发生时,会发生什么?录音开头,女士请男士就书中的一句话进行解释:“我不想拍摄日后的灾难情景,我只想在灾难来临前拍下最后的美好”。男士回答道,现在很清楚的是,整个欧洲海岸线消失在水下只是个时间问题。C选项中的besubmerged是录音中disappearsunderwater的同义替换,因此C选项“整个欧洲海岸将会被淹没”正确。A选项“欧洲丰富的文化遗产将会完全失去”;B选项“欧洲的海水将会被严重污染”和D选项“主要的欧洲景点将会消失”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此可排除。
8.WhatdoesthemansayaboutVenice?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问关于威尼斯,男士说了什么?男士最后提及,威尼斯这个城市一直都被海水威胁着,每天早上游客都要踏着搭建好的木板小道到达自己的旅店。A选项“早上游客们通过木制的小路到达旅馆”与录音原文表述相符,因此正确。B选项“吸引了大批来自国内外的游客”;C选项“人们没有船就不能四处走动”和D选项“水道日益受到污染”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此可排除。
13.单选题
Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Deteriorationinthequalityofnewmusic.
B.Insightsintothefeaturesofgoodmusic.
C.Olderpeople’schangingmusicaltastes.
D.Olderpeople’saversiontonewmusic.
问题2选项
A.Theynolongerlistentonewmusic.
B.Theyfindallmusicsoundsthesame.
C.Theycanmakesubtledistinctionsaboutmusic.
D.Theyseldomlistentosongsreleasedintheirteens.
问题3选项
A.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,themorefamiliarit’llbetoyou.
B.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,thedeeperyou’llunderstandit.
C.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thelongeryou’llrememberit.
D.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thebetteryou’llappreciateit.
问题4选项
A.Teenagers’memoriesaremorelasting.
B.Teenagers’emotionsaremoreintense.
C.Teenagersaremuchmoresensitive.
D.Teenagersaremuchmoresentimental.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
【解析】RecordingThree
[22]Whydooldpeopledislikenewmusic?AsI’vegrownolder,Ioftenhearpeoplemyagesaythingsliketheyjustdon’tmakegoodmusicliketheyusedto.Whydoesthishappen?Luckily,psychologycangiveussomeinsightsintothispuzzle.Musicaltastesbegintocrystallizeasearlyasage13or14.Bythetimewe’reinourearly20s,thesetastesgetlockedintoplaceprettyfirmly.
[23]Infact,studieshavefoundthatbythetimeweturn33,mostofushavestoppedlisteningtonewmusic.Meanwhile,popularsongsreleasedwhenyou’reinyourearlyteensarelikelytoremainquitepopularamongyouragegroupfortherestofyourlife.
Therecouldbeabiologicalexplanationforthis,asthere’sevidencethatthebrain’sabilitytomakesubtledistinctionsbetweendifferentchords,rhythms,andmelodiesdeteriorateswithage.Sotoolderpeople,newer,lessfamiliarsongsmightall“soundthesame”.
[22]Butthere’remaybesomesimplerreasonsforolderpeople’saversiontonewermusic.[24]Oneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychologyissomethingcalledthe“mereexposureeffect”,whichinessencemeansthatthemorewe’reexposedtosomething,themorewetendtolikeit.
Thishappenswithpeopleweknow,theadvertisementswesee,andthesongswelistento.
Whenyou’reinyourearlyteens,youprobablyspendafairamountoftimelisteningtomusicorwatchingmusicvideos.Yourfavoritesongsandartistsbecomefamiliar,comfortingpartsofyourroutine.Formanypeopleover30,jobandfamilyobligationsincrease,sothere’slesstimetospenddiscoveringnewmusic.Instead,manywillsimplylistentoold,familiarfavoritesfromthatperiodoftheirliveswhentheyhadmorefreetime.
Ofcourse,thoseteenyearsweren’tnecessarilycarefree.They’refamouslyconfusing,whichiswhysomanyTVshowsandmoviesrevolvearoundthehighschoolturmoil.
[25]Psychologyresearchhasshownthattheemotionsthatweexperienceasteensseemmoreintensethanthosethatcomelater.Andwealsoknowthatintenseemotionsareassociatedwithstrongermemoriesandpreferences.Bothofthesemightexplainwhythesongswelistentoduringthisperiodbecomesomemorableandbeloved.
Sothere’snothingwrongwithyourparentsbecausetheydon’tlikeyourmusic.Rather,it’sallpartofthenaturalorderofthings.
22.Whatdoesthespeakermainlydiscussinthistalk?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问说话者在这次演讲中主要讨论了什么?录音开头就提出为什么老年人不喜欢新音乐的问题,后来提到也许还有一些更简单的原因导致老年人对新音乐的反感。因此D选项“老年人对新音乐的反感”正确。A选项“新音乐质量的下降”、B选项“对好音乐特点的洞察”以及C选项“老年人不断变化的音乐品味”均不是这次演讲讨论的主要内容,因此排除。
23.Whathavestudiesfoundaboutmostpeoplebythetimetheyturned33?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问关于大多数到了33岁的人,研究发现了什么?录音提到,研究发现,在我们到了33岁的时候,我们中的大多数人已经不再听新音乐了。A选项中的nolonger是原文stopped的同义转述,因此A选项“他们不再听新音乐”正确。B选项“他们觉得所有音乐都一样”表述过于绝对,原文中说的是上了年纪的人觉得较新的、较不熟悉的音乐听上去都一样,并不是所有的音乐,因此B选项排除;C选项“他们能对音乐进行细微的区分”,与原文表述恰好相反,录音提到的是随着年龄的增长,大脑对不同和弦、节奏和旋律进行微妙区分的能力会退化,因此C选项错误;D选项“他们很少听十几岁时发行的歌曲”表述错误,录音中提及,在你十几岁的时候发布的流行歌曲,很可能在你的余生中,在你的同龄人中仍然非常受欢迎,因此D选项也可排除。
24.Whatdowelearnfromoneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychology?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问从社会心理学中被研究得最多的一个规律中,我们能学到什么?录音中提及,社会心理学研究最多的定律之一是“纯粹接触效应”的东西,从本质上说,这意味着我们越接触某样东西,我们越倾向于喜欢它。D选项“你对某事物感受得越多,你就越喜欢它”是对录音原文的同义转述,因此正确。A选项“你接触
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