2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号96

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Nooneisso___asthepersonwhohasnowishtolearn.

问题1选项

A.sensible

B.ignorant

C.useless

D.simple

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sensible“明智的；通情达理的；合乎情理的；意识到的；能感觉到的”；B选项ignorant“无知的；愚昧的”；C选项useless“无用的；无效的”；D选项simple“简单的；单纯的；天真的”。句意：没有人比不愿学习的人更___。本句表达“比不愿意学习的人更无知”，因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

I.Thepsychologicalexplorationintolitigants’proceduralpreferencesdatesbacktotheearly1970s,whenempiricalresearchbyThibautandWalker—largelyregardedastheoriginatorsoftheproceduraljusticeparadigm—andtheircolleaguesrevealedthatlaypeoplecareabouttheirdirectandindirectcontroloverlegaldecisionsthataffectthem.Theydemonstratedthatwhenlaypeopleevaluateprocedures,theygenerallyassesshowtheproceduresdistributecontrolbetweenthepartiesthemselvesandthirdparties(e.g.,mediators,arbitrators,judges).Theirresearchalsosuggeststhatdisputantspreferproceduresthatallowthem(asopposedtothirdparties)tocontroltheprocess.Theirearlyworkhighlightstheimportantrolethat“voice”(i.e.,theopportunitytoshareone’sstoryorsideofthedispute)playsinhowdisputantsconstruedisputeresolutionoptions,whichinturnilluminatesthecriticalrolethatsubjectiveperceptionsplayinthefunctioningofthelegalsystem.Subsequentresearchproducedadditionaltheoriesthatexplainwhydisputantscareaboutprocess.Onetheory—the“instrumental”or“socialexchange”theory—suggeststhatpeopledesireprocesscontrolbecausetheybelieveitprovidesanindirectwaytocontroltheirdispute’soutcome.Anotherframework—the“groupvalue”model—suggeststhatpeoplecareaboutprocessbecausethequalityoftheprocesstheyexperiencehelpsthemtoassesstheirstatusandinclusionwithintheirgrouporcommunity.Otherresearchemphasizedhowprocesshasimportantimplicationsforhowpeopleperceivesocialjustice—whenthefairnessofanoutcomeisambiguous,peopleoftenusetheirevaluationsoftheprocesstheyexperiencedasamentalshortcutforassessingtheoutcome.

Inpractice,legalorganizationsandscholarsoftenusetheconceptofcontroltoclassifylegalprocedures.Mediationandnegotiationarecommonlyconceptualizedasofferinglitigantsgreaterprocessandoutcomecontrolascomparedtoadjudicatoryoptionssuchastrialandarbitration.TheAmericanBarAssociation,forexample,describesmediationandnegotiationasofferingpartiesgreaterparticipationinreachingaresolution,aswellascontrolovertheoutcome.Similarly,scholarsoftenconceptualizelegalproceduresonaspectrum.Ononeendofthescale,negotiationoffersparticipantscontroloverboththeprocessandoutcomeanddoesnotinvolveathird-partyneutral.Ontheotherend,arbitrationandtrialempowerthird-partyneutralstodeterminetheoutcomeofadisputeandimposeformalityontheprocess.Mediation,existinginthemiddleofthespectrum,utilizesathird-partyneutral,butallowspartiestoshapetheprocessandcontroltheoutcome.

1.ThibautandWalkerareregardedas___.

2.ThibautandWalkerfoundintheirresearchthatlaypeople___.

3.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthestatementsiswrong?

4.Whatisthemostsuitabletopicofthesecondparagraph?

问题1选项

A.researchersoflitigants'proceduralpreferences

B.laypeoplewhocareabouttheirdirectandindirectcontroloverlegaldecisions

C.originatorsoftheempiricalresearchofproceduraljustice

D.empiricalresearchers

问题2选项

A.caremoreabouttheirdirectcontroloverlegaldecisionsthataffectthem

B.evaluateproceduresbythedistributionofcontrolbetweenthepartiesthemselvesandthirdparties

C.preferproceduresthatdoesnotallowthethirdpartiestocontroltheprocess

D.believethatprocesscontrolprovidesadirectwaytocontroltheirdispute’soutcome

问题3选项

A.Whenthefairnessofanoutcomeisclear,peopleoftenusetheirevaluationsoftheprocessasamentalshortcutforassessingtheoutcome.

B.Socialexchangetheorysuggeststhatpeopledesireprocesscontrolbecausetheybelieveitprovidesanindirectwaytocontroltheirdispute’soutcome.

C.Groupvaluemodelsuggeststhatpeoplecareaboutprocessbecausethequalityoftheprocesstheyexperiencehelpsthemtoassesstheirstatusandinclusionwithintheirgrouporcommunity.

D.Processhasimportantimplicationsforhowpeopleperceivesocialjustice.

问题4选项

A.NegotiationOffersLitigantstheGreatestControl

B.MediationOffersLitigantsGreaterControl

C.ArbitrationOffersLitigantsLessControl

D.ClassificationofLegalProceduresbyProcessControl

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键字“ThibautandWalker”定位到原文第一段whenempiricalresearchbyThibautandWalker—largelyregardedastheoriginatorsoftheproceduraljusticeparadigm…（当Thibaut和Walker的实证研究——很大程度上被认为是程序正义范式的创始人……）可知选C选项“程序正义实证研究的发起人”以及D选项“实证研究”错误；A选项“诉讼当事人程序偏好的研究人员”，B选项“关心他们对法律决定的直接和间接控制的外行人”和原文不符。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段whenlaypeopleevaluateprocedures,theygenerallyassesshowtheproceduresdistributecontrolbetweenthepartiesthemselvesandthirdparties(e.g.,mediators,arbitrators,judges).（当外行评估程序时，他们通常会评估程序如何在当事人本身和第三方（如调解员、仲裁员、法官）之间分配控制权）可知选B选项“通过在双方和第三方之间分配控制权来评估程序”；第一段whenempiricalresearchbyThibautandWalker…andtheircolleaguesrevealedthatlaypeoplecareabouttheirdirectandindirectcontroloverlegaldecisionsthataffectthem.（当Thibaut和Walker的实证研究……和他们的同事们发现，外行关心他们对影响他们的法律决定的直接和间接控制）可知A选项“更关心他们对影响他们的法律决定的直接控制”错误，不完整；第一段Theirresearchalsosuggeststhatdisputantspreferproceduresthatallowthem(asopposedtothirdparties)tocontroltheprocess.（他们的研究还表明，争论双方更喜欢让他们（而不是第三方）控制过程的程序）可知只是不喜欢让第三方控制过程的程序而不是不允许，C选项“选择不允许第三方控制过程的程序”过度推测；第一段Onetheory—the“instrumental”or“socialexchange”theory—suggeststhatpeopledesireprocesscontrolbecausetheybelieveitprovidesanindirectwaytocontroltheirdispute’soutcome.（一种理论——“工具”或“社会交换”理论——认为，人们渴望过程控制，因为他们认为这提供了一种间接的方式来控制争端的结果）可知D选项“相信过程控制提供了一种直接的方式来控制他们的争议的结果”和原文相悖。因此B选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话Otherresearchemphasizedhowprocesshasimportantimplicationsforhowpeopleperceivesocialjustice—whenthefairnessofanoutcomeisambiguous,peopleoftenusetheirevaluationsoftheprocesstheyexperiencedasamentalshortcutforassessingtheoutcome.（其他研究强调了过程对人们如何感知社会公正的重要影响——当结果的公平性不明确时，人们通常会把他们对过程的评价作为评估结果的心理捷径）可知A选项“当一个结果的公平性很明确时，人们通常会把他们对这个过程的评估作为评估结果的心理捷径”和原文相悖，D选项“过程对人们如何感知社会公正有重要的影响”在原文中有提及；第一段Onetheory—the“instrumental”or“socialexchange”theory—suggeststhatpeopledesireprocesscontrolbecausetheybelieveitprovidesanindirectwaytocontroltheirdispute’soutcome.（一种理论——“工具”或“社会交换”理论——认为，人们渴望过程控制，因为他们认为这提供了一种间接的方式来控制争端的结果）可知B选项“社会交换理论认为，人们渴望过程控制，因为他们相信它提供了一种间接的方式来控制他们的争议的结果”原文有提及；第一段Anotherframework—the“groupvalue”model—suggeststhatpeoplecareaboutprocessbecausethequalityoftheprocesstheyexperiencehelpsthemtoassesstheirstatusandinclusionwithintheirgrouporcommunity.（另一个框架——“群体价值”模型——表明人们关心过程，因为他们所经历的过程的质量有助于他们评估自己在群体或社区中的地位和包容性）可知C选项“群体价值模型表明人们关心过程，因为他们所经历的过程的质量有助于他们评估自己在群体或社区中的地位和包容性”原文有提及。因此A选项符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。根据题干定位到第二段中心句Inpractice,legalorganizationsandscholarsoftenusetheconceptofcontroltoclassifylegalprocedures.（在实践中，法律组织和学者经常使用控制的概念对法律程序进行分类）可知选D选项“根据过程控制对法律程序进行分类”，第二段之后的内容都是围绕中心句展开，举例说明如何使用控制的概念对法律程序进行分类；A选项“谈判给予当事人最大的控制权”，B选项“调解为当事人提供更大的控制权”是第二段中一部分内容，没有概括性；C选项“仲裁减少了当事人的控制权”未在第二段明确提及。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Withthenumberofprivatecarsincreasing,themainstreetsareoften___duringtherushhour.

问题1选项

A.clattered

B.propped

C.clogged

D.hindered

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项clattered“发出哗啦声；喧闹的谈笑”；B选项propped“支撑；放置；用……撑住（某物）；（马等挺直前腿）骤停”；C选项clogged“阻塞；障碍（表示交通堵塞）”；D选项hindered“阻碍；打扰（让某人做某事或某事发生困难）”。句意：随着私家车数量的增加，主要街道在高峰时间经常___。本句表达“主街道竟然在高峰期堵塞”，因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Ⅷ.(ForensicAppraisal)

ForensicevidencehasplayedaroleinmanyCanadianwrongfulconvictions.In2007,theSupremeCourtheldina4:3decisionthatpost-hypnosis(催眠后)identificationsshouldnotbeadmittedbecauseoftheirunknownreliabilityandtheriskofwrongfulconvictions.ThisdecisionpresentsapotentialforCanadiancourtstoplacestricterreliability-basedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityofexpertevidenceincludingunreliableforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.Atthesametime,variousinquirieshavemademanyimportantrecommendationsaboutreformingthepracticeoftheforensicsciences.Manyoftheserecommendationshavebeenimplemented,thoughthetendencyhasbeentodosoonadiscipline-by-disciplineandjurisdiction-by-jurisdictionbasis.

AnumberofwrongfulconvictionsinCanadahavebeencausedbyfaultyforensicevidence.Therearetwomainwaystorespondtosuchdangers.Oneisbyreformingtheproductionofthestate’sforensicevidence.Theotherisforthecourtstoplacereliabilitybasedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityorcontentofforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.TheCommissionofInquiryintoProceedingsAgainstGuyPaulMorininits1998reportfoundthatOntario’sForensicCentreforForensicSciencehadmadenumerousmistakesintheproductionofhairandfibreevidencethatpurportedtolinkMr.MorintothemurderbeforehisDNAexoneration.ThisinquiryheardtestimonythatCrownprosecutorshadassumedthattheCentrewasinfallibledespitefindingproblemsincontaminationofevidenceandthemisuseofpublishedresearch.ManyreformswereintroducedatthatcentralcrimelaboratoryinOntariointhewakeofthehighlypublicizedinquiry.Adecadelater,asimilarinquirywasheldintheneighbouringprovinceofManitobawhenhaircomparisonevidencewasagainrefutedbyDNAtesting.TheManitobainquiryheardthattheRoyalCanadianMountedPolicelabshadstoppedconductinghaircomparisonevidenceinlightofmoreadvancedDNAtesting,butstoppedshortofrecommendingthatsuchhaircomparisonevidencebeinadmissible.Italsodidnotrecommendthatthecrimelaboratoriesbeseparatedfromthepolice.Finally,itsuggestedthatitdidnothavejurisdictiontoorderanationalauditofcasesthatreliedonhaircomparisonevidence,eventhoughtheprovinceofManitobahadconductedsuchaninquiry.

ManyofthesamethemesfoundintheMorininquirywhichfocusedonhairandfibrecomparisonevidencere-emergedadecadelaterwhentheOntarioCommissionofInquiryintoForensicPediatricPathology(theGoudgeInquiry)recommendedsimilarreformstothepracticeofforensicpathology.

79.AftertheSupremeCourtdecisionin2007,theadmissibilityofforensicevidencebecame___.

80.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewaytorespondtothedangersofwrongfulconviction?

81.OnefindingincommonintheinquiryoftheprovincesofOntarioandManitobaisthat___.

82.Theunderlinedword“theme”canbereplacedbythefollowingwordinthecontext___.

问题1选项

A.stricter

B.morereliable

C.morereliabilitybased

D.moreexpertise

问题2选项

A.Haircomparisonevidenceisinadmissible.

B.Thestate’sforensicevidenceproductionshouldbereformed.

C.Variousinquiriesshouldbeearnedouttomakerecommendationsaboutreformingthepracticeoftheforensicsciences.

D.Thecourtsshouldimposereliabilitybasedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityorcontentofforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.

问题3选项

A.theforensiccentersmadenumerousmistakesintheproductionofhairandfibreevidence

B.theevidencehadbeencontaminated

C.thetwoprovincesareconductedhaircomparison

D.thehaircomparisonevidencedoesnotmatchtheDNAevidence

问题4选项

A.subject

B.subjectmatter

C.topic

D.issue

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】79.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段ThisdecisionpresentsapotentialforCanadiancourtstoplacestricterreliability-basedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityofexpertevidenceincludingunreliableforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.（这一决定意味着加拿大法院有可能对专家证据的可采性，包括国家提供的不可靠的法医证据，施加更严格的基于可靠性的限制）可知，法庭证据的可采性会基于更多的可靠性而不是使得法院证据的可采性变得更可靠，选C选项“基于更多的可靠性”，同时可知B选项“更可靠”错误；A选项“严格”以及D选项“更多的专业知识”和原文不符。因此C选项正确。

80.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文根据第二段TheManitobainquiryheardthattheRoyalCanadianMountedPolicelabshadstoppedconductinghaircomparisonevidenceinlightofmoreadvancedDNAtesting,butstoppedshortofrecommendingthatsuchhaircomparisonevidencebeinadmissible.（曼尼托巴省的调查人员听说，由于更先进的DNA测试，加拿大皇家骑警实验室已经停止了毛发比较证据的研究，但并没有建议不采纳这种毛发比较证据）可知A选项“毛发比较证据不被采纳”不符合原文，不是应对错误定罪危险的方法；第二段Therearetwomainwaystorespondtosuchdangers.Oneisbyreformingtheproductionofthestate’sforensicevidence.Theotherisforthecourtstoplacereliabilitybasedrestrictionsontheadmissibilityorcontentofforensicevidenceofferedbythestate.（应对这些危险主要有两种方法。一是改革国家法医证据的制作。另一种是法院对国家提供的法医证据的可采性或内容进行基于可靠性的限制）可知B选项“国家的法医证据制作应该改革”和D选项“法院应该对国家提供的法医证据的可采性或内容施加基于可靠性的限制”符合原文；根据第三段whentheOntarioCommissionofInquiryintoForensicPediatricPathology(theGoudgeInquiry)recommendedsimilarreformstothepracticeofforensicpathology.（当安大略儿童法医病理学调查委员会建议对法医病理学的实践进行类似的改革时，这些主题再次出现）可知C选项“应开展各种调查，提出改革法医学实践的建议”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

81.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“theprovincesofOntarioandManitoba”定位到原文…foundthatOntario’sForensicCentreforForensicSciencehadmadenumerousmistakesintheproductionofhairandfibreevidencethatpurportedtolinkMr.MorintothemurderbeforehisDNAexoneration.（对盖伊•保罗•莫林诉讼程序的调查委员会在其1998年的报告中发现，安大略省法医科学法医中心在提供头发和纤维证据方面犯了许多错误，这些证据据称是在莫林先生的DNA免责之前将他与谋杀案联系起来的）以及Adecadelater,asimilarinquirywasheldintheneighbouringprovinceofManitobawhenhaircomparisonevidencewasagainrefutedbyDNAtesting.（十年后，在邻近的马尼托巴省进行了一次类似的调查，当时头发比对的证据再次被DNA测试所驳倒）可知选D选项“头发对比证据与DNA证据不匹配”；A选项“法医中心在制作头发和纤维证据时犯了许多错误”以及C选项“两省进行头发比较”并不是共同的发现；B选项“证据被污染了”和原文不符。因此D选项正确。

82.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干关键字定位到原文最后一段ManyofthesamethemesfoundintheMorininquirywhichfocusedonhairandfibrecomparisonevidencere-emergedadecadelaterwhentheOntarioCommissionofInquiryintoForensicPediatricPathology(theGoudgeInquiry)recommendedsimilarreformstothepracticeofforensicpathology.（10年后，安大略省儿科法医病理学调查委员会(Goudgeinquiry)建议对法医病理学的实践进行类似的改革，Morin调查聚焦于头发和纤维的比较证据，许多同样的主题再次出现。）可知本句中themes表示“主题”，多指文学、艺术作品的主题，或论文、演说的主题，原文中指对在头发和纤维的比较证据这方面研究/讨论所出现的主题；四个选项都有“主题”的含义，A选项subject指书籍、文章、演讲、讨论等中所隐含的、暗示的，需要由读者或听众推断的主题或中心话题；B选项subjectmatter指供讨论、思考或研究时考虑的东西；C选项topic可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想，普通用词，含义广泛，但其范畴小于subject；D选项issue指有争论、议论，急需讨论研究的热点话题；本题B选项更符合题意，表示对在头发和纤维的比较证据这方面研究/讨论所出现的主题。因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.

ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.

Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.

Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.

Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.

Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.

IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.

1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?

5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.

问题1选项

A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.

B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.

C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.

D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.

问题2选项

A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.

B.Peopleintheirforties.

C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.

D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.

问题3选项

A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.

B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.

C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.

D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.

问题4选项

A.Introductionphase

B.Growthphase

C.Maturephase

D.Declinephase

问题5选项

A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves

B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled

C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase

D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.（但除非你首先认识到并充分欣赏你所处的阶段，否则你无法做到这一点）可知选C选项“求职者应该充分了解他们所处的阶段”；A选项“大多数年轻人如果不学习四阶段理论就找不到工作”，B选项“有好工作的年轻人学习过四阶段理论”以及D选项“年长的雇员将被年轻人逼出就业市场”未在原文提及。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.（40多岁的人被困在劳动力的中间阶层，他们抱怨要等前辈为他们上层腾出空间）可知选B选项“40多岁的人”；A选项“年轻人经常换工作”，C选项“年龄较大的员工有可能提前退休”以及D选项“人们在他们的职业周期中没有完成四个阶段”和原文不符。因此B选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity（在我看来，两代人之间的差异不是一个问题，而是一个机会）可知选C选项“两代人之间的差异与其说是一个问题，不如说是一个机会”；A选项“一代人的抱负迟早会成为现实”，B选项“找到好工作主要取决于年龄”原文未提及；根据原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.（产品或品牌的生命周期有四个阶段。名字可能不同，但基本上这四个阶段是入门，成长，成熟和衰退。作为一名管理知名运动员30多年的经理，我知道这四个阶段肯定适用于运动员的职业生涯和市场价值）可知原文并没有提到产品的市场性，D选项“产品的市场性可以与运动员的市场性相比较”错误。因此C选项符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.（一个运动员的入门或启动阶段是指他或她开始比赛，表现出色，并在这项运动中吸引人们的注意力）可知选A选项“入门阶段”；B“增长阶段”，C选项“成熟阶段”，D选项“衰退期”没有提到吸引力这一项。因此A选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“olderemployees”定位到原文倒数第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.（我一直大力提倡招聘年长员工……不是因为他们可以得到，而是因为他们拥有员工在入门和成长阶段所缺乏的品质，即智慧和经验）可知选D选项“他们有更多的智慧，经验和负担能力”，同时可知C选项“他们在生长阶段拥有更好的品质”和原文不符；A选项“他们善于推销自己”，B选项“他们很听话，很容易控制”未提及。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whyyoudon’thelpthemto___thesituation?

问题1选项

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项simplify“简化；使单纯；使简易”；B选项modify“修改，修饰；更改（略微改变某事物，尤指为了使其更适合于某一特定目的）”；C选项verify“核实；查证”；D选项rectify“改正（纠正错误的事物）；精馏；整流”。句意：如果你知道问题出在哪里，为什么不帮他们___情况。本句表达“帮助他们核实情况”，因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

The___ofhisprofessiondonotpermithimtodothat.

问题1选项

A.ethics

B.ethnics

C.morality

D.morale

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ethics“伦理学；伦理观；道德标准（道德信仰和对与错的规则，常用于伦理方面）”；B选项ethnics“[人类]人种学”；C选项morality“道德（认为某些行为是正确和可接受的，而其他行为是错误的信念）；品行；美德”；D选项morale“士气；斗志”。句意：他的职业道德标准不允许他那样做。本句表达“职业道德标准”，属于伦理方面的对错规则，因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Themoneyspentonmedicalinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___tenyearsago.

问题1选项

A.muchmore

B.asmuchas

C.thatasmuchofthat

D.asmuchasthatof

【答案】B

【解析】考查平行结构。平行结构指and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both...and,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…but(also),asmuchas等并列连词连接两个对等的词或者对等的结构：1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致，2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致，3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致；整个题干有省略的部分，把句子展开Themoneyspentonsocialinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___thatspentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago.句意：去年花在社会保险上的钱是十年前花在社会保险上的四倍，即可以看出句子中的平行结构themoney与省略的that平行，spentonsocialinsurancelastyear与省略的spentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago平行。A选项：muchmore后边接多音节形容词或者副词，也能接可数名词复数或者不可数名词，more是much或者many的比较级，代入后不符合题干；C，D选项代入后可以看到that重复，破坏平行结构；B选项代入后符合平行结构。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen___thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.

问题1选项

A.pursuing

B.chasing

C.reaching

D.winning

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项pursuing“继续；从事；追赶（在一段时间内做某事或试图达到某事）；纠缠”；B选项chasing“追逐（为了抓住某人或者某物而追赶某人或者某物）；追捕；试图赢得；雕镂”；C选项reaching“到达；伸出”；D选项winning“获胜；赢得；（通过努力）获得”。句意：世界各地的几十个科学小组一直在___一种实用而经济的方法来利用阳光来分解水分子。本句表达“科学小组一直从事于一种实用而经济的方法”，因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Thenewcurriculumintendstostrengthenchildren’spracticeofbasicsocial___.

问题1选项

A.manners

B.politeness

C.rules

D.regulations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项manners“方式；习惯；种类；规矩；风俗”；B选项politeness“有礼貌；优雅”；C选项rules“规则（在特定情况下或玩游戏时可以做什么、必须做什么或不能做什么的陈述）；建议；统治；习惯；定律；法治；尺子；破折号”；D选项regulations“管理；规则（政府或其它权威制定的官方规定）；校准”。句意：新课程旨在加强儿童的基本社交___实践。本句表达“基本社交礼仪”，因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

X.(IntellectualProperties)

WenowaddressthedegreetowhichtheSupremeCourt’sdecisioninQualityKinginvalidatesthiscircuit’sconstructionof109(a).ThispanelmayoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicareifQualityKing“undercutsthetheoryorreasoningunderlyingthepriorcircuitprecedentinsuchawaythatthecasesareclearlyirreconcilable”.

ItisclearthatQualityKingdidnotdirectlyoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicare.QualityKinginvolved“roundtrip”importation;aproductwithaU.S.copyrightedlabelwasmanufacturedinsidetheUnitedStates,exportedtoanauthorizedforeigndistributor,soldtounidentifiedthirdpartiesoverseas,shippedbackintotheUnitedStateswithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,andthensoldinCaliforniabyunauthorizedretailers.TheCourtheldthat109(a)canprovideadefensetoanactionunder602(a)inthiscontext.However,becausethefactsinvolvedonlydomesticallymanufacturedcopies,theCourtdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.(Ginsburg,J.,concurring)(“Wedonottodayresolvecasesinwhichtheallegedlyinfringingimportsweremanufacturedabroad.”).Moreover,theCourtneverdiscussedthescopeof109(a)ordefinedwhat“lawfullymadeunderthistide”means.

WenextconsiderwhetherthereasoningofQualityKingisclearlyirreconcilablewithourgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”.Thebasisforthatrulewasourconcernthatapplying109(a)toforeign-madecopieswouldviolatethepresumptionagainsttheextraterritorialapplicationofU.S.law.QualityKingdismissedasimilarconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct,explainingthatmerelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofsuchsales“doesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymorethan602(a)’s‘acquiredabroad’languagedoes”.Costcocontendsthatthisexplanationisirreconcilablewithourinterpretationof109(a)inBMGMusic.

WerejectCostco’scontentionandholdthattheSupremeCourt’sbriefdiscussiononextraterritorialityisnot“clearlyirreconcilable”withourgenerallimitationof109(a)tocopiesthatarelawfullymadeintheUnitedStates.ThecommonunderstandingofthepresumptionagainstextraterritorialityisthataU.S.statute“appliesonlytoconductoccurringwithin,orhavingeffectwithin,theterritoryoftheUnitedStates,unlessthecontraryisclearlyindicatedbythestatute?”

OmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesale

87.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtotheparagraphs?

88.ThesecondissuethecourtinOmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesaleconsiderediswhether___.

89.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthat___.

90.Whichofthefollowingstatementisbesttodescribethelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.QualityKingisacasedecidedbytheSupremeCourtoftheUS.

B.QualityKingisacaseregardingintellectualproperties.

C.QualityKingoverruledBMGMusic,DrugEmporiumandDenbicare.

D.TheCourtinQualityKingdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.

问题2选项

A.thecourt’sgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”

B.theSupremeCourt’sreasoninginQualityKingcannotreconcilewiththecourt’sdecisionregarding109(a)

C.109(a)islimitedtocopies“legallyma