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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Theindomitablespiritdisplayedbyathletesembodiesthenewlookofthisnation.

问题1选项

A.specific

B.unsubduable

C.determined

D.industrious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项specific“特定的”;B选项unsubduable“不屈不挠的”;C选项determined“坚决的”;D选项industrious“勤勉的”。句意:运动员们不屈不挠的精神体现了这个国家的新面貌。划线部分indomitable是不屈不挠的意思。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Whichissafer-stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸铵),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause().

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat().

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof().

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat().

问题1选项

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

问题2选项

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

问题3选项

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

问题4选项

A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

问题5选项

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasurehadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.客观细节题。由D选项关键词“chemicalindustry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!(然而,坐飞机和在化工行业工作相比怎么样呢?不幸的是,前者的风险是后者的55倍!),说明在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。因此D选项“在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。”正确。A选项“在办公室工作比待在家里更安全”,B选项“乘公共交通工具去上班比在办公室工作更安全”,由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在办公室工作的风险是相同的,没有谁比谁更安全,所以A,B错误。由第一段最后一句theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome(化工行业工人的事故率比几乎任何人类活动都要低,几乎和待在家里一样安全),说明化工行业和待在家里一样安全,所以C选项“待在家里比在化工行业工作更安全”错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“reportedasnews”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.(化工行业的问题是,一旦出现问题,往往会导致附近居民死亡。这也使得化学事故具有新闻价值。),说明新闻报道化学事故是因为它们会导致人员死亡。因此B选项“它们经常造成生命损失”正确。A选项“它们非常罕见”,C选项“它们总是发生在大城市”和D选项“它们引起了所有读者的兴趣”在文中均没有提及,所以A,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“faultofmanagement”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.(弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的,因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。),说明由管理失误造成的化学事故发生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B选项“弗利克斯伯勒”正确。A选项“得克萨斯城”,C选项“塞维索”和D选项“墨西哥城”的事故不是因为管理失误造成的,所以A,C,D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“ammoniumnitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.(因此,得克萨斯城的爆炸是由数吨硝酸铵引起的,大量储存硝酸铵是不安全的。),说明硝酸铵不能大量储存,另外文章第三段第四句TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.(得克萨斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。)说明造成得克萨斯城爆炸事故的硝酸铵是一种肥料。因此B选项“不能大量储存的化学肥料”正确。A选项“天然气,很容易着火”是墨西哥城火灾事故的原因,C选项“有毒物质,不能在人满为患地区使用”,由文章可知塞维索的事故是毒气造成的,D选项“燃料,它被储存在大的油箱里”在文中没有提及,所以A,C,D错误。

5.推理判断题。由A选项关键词“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.(弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的,因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。),说明维修设备很重要,不能冒着风险在维修设备时继续生产。因此A选项“为了避免事故,我们不应该维修化工设施”错误。由B选项关键词“localauthorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.(塞维索事故表明,如果地方当局对其家门口的危险缺乏了解,将会发生什么。当毒气飘过城镇上空时,当地领导无法采取有效行动。),说明地方当局需要了解当地化工生产的情况。因此B选项“地方当局不应关心化学工业的生产”错误。由D选项关键词“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒数第三句Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.(大火引起储存罐爆炸的连锁反应。),说明储存罐里的天然气也会发生气体爆炸的事故。因此D选项“储存在大型储罐中的天然气总是安全的”错误。第四段列举了各种原因引发的事故,同时也相对应采取的措施,因此C选项“如果采取有效措施,所有这些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正确。

3.单选题

Wecannotimaginewhatatoughjobitistoreadmusicfromaphotocopyofahandwritten()inoldGerman.

问题1选项

A.submission

B.manuscript

C.substance

D.manipulation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项submission“屈服,提交”,B选项manuscript“手稿,手抄本”,C选项substance“物质,要旨”,D选项manipulation“操纵,篡改”,句意:我们无法想象从古德语手抄本上阅读音乐是一项多么困难的工作。因此,B选项符合句意。

4.单选题

Thursdaymarkedthe42nd()ofman’sfirststeponthemoon.

问题1选项

A.ceremony

B.decade

C.occasion

D.anniversary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ceremony“典礼,仪式,礼节”,B选项decade“十年,年代”,C选项occasion“时机,场合”,D选项anniversary“周年纪念日”。句意:星期四是人类踏上月球第42周年纪念日。因此,D选项符合句意。

5.单选题

Tostudythedistributionofdiseasewithinanarea,itisusefultoplotthecasesonthemap.

问题1选项

A.mark

B.allocate

C.erase

D.pose

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项mark“标记”;B选项allocate“分配”;C选项erase“擦除”;D选项pose“摆姿势”。句意:为了研究某一地区内疾病的分布情况,在地图上标出病例是有用的。划线部分plot是标绘的意思。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow(),particularlyinWesternEurope.

问题1选项

A.obscure

B.obsolete

C.optional

D.overlapping

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项obscure“昏暗的,朦胧的”;B选项obsolete“淘汰的,废弃的,过时的”;C选项optional“可选择的”;D选项overlapping“重叠的”。根据句意可知,火药的引入应该是使弓箭逐渐被淘汰,所以选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Thetemperatureoftheatmospherebecomescolderaselevationincreases.

问题1选项

A.altitude

B.aptitude

C.latitude

D.longitude

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项altitude“海拔”;B选项aptitude“天资”;C选项latitude“纬度”;D选项longitude“经度”。句意:海拔越高,大气温度越低。划线部分elevation是海拔的意思。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Iamnot()withmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithher,becauseIhavenowhereelsetolive.

问题1选项

A.concerned

B.compatible

C.considerate

D.complied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concerned“有关的”;B选项compatible“兼容的,能共处的”;C选项considerate“体贴的,考虑周到的”;D选项complied(comply的过去分词形式)“遵照,顺从”。根据句意可知,因为我无处可去所以不得不和室友住在一起,由but可知,我和室友应该是无法和谐共处。becompatiblewith为固定搭配,意为“适合,一致”。所以选项B正确。

9.单选题

Ihopeyoudon’tthinkI’m()butI’vehadtheelectricfireonformostoftheday.

问题1选项

A.exquisite

B.extravagant

C.exotic

D.eccentric

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项exquisite“精致的”;B选项extravagant“浪费的”;C选项exotic“异国的”;D选项eccentric“古怪的”。句意:我几乎一整天都开着电炉,希望你不会觉得我浪费。本句表示开一天电炉很浪费,因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas()inashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

A.tohavebeencreated

B.tobecreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.beingcreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查被动语态。as在这里是介词,后面应接名词性质的词,排除A、B,create的动作是过去发生的,应该用过去时态,排除D。句意:不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovinglivingstandardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus()

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen()

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means()

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis()

问题1选项

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

问题2选项

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

问题3选项

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

问题4选项

A.Hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

问题5选项

A.lawenforcement.

B.knowledge.

C.nonviolence.

D.moppinguptheviolentmess.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出有些国家种族偏见严重,而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法,我们仍然没有认识到,暴力永远不能解决问题,而是使问题更加尖锐。第二段阐述了真正有理智的人在宣扬法制,却遭到轻视和迫害,作者认为真正的解决方案不是暴力,而是法制。第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提,而暴力制造了它假装要解决的罪恶。整篇文章都在阐述不能依靠暴力手段解决歧视问题。因此B选项“暴力无助于消除种族偏见”最适合作为文章标题。A选项“提倡暴力”,C选项“双方的重要人物都认为暴力是合法的解决方案”,D选项“人类的本能渴望暴力”,因为文章是不宣扬暴力的,所以A,C,D都不适合作为标题。

2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Recordedhistory”可以定位到文章第一段倒数第四句“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.”(整个有记录的人类历史,那冗长乏味的暴力记录,没有教会我们任何东西。),说明人类历史上的暴力记录没有教会我们任何东西。因此B选项“什么也没有”正确。A选项“暴力永远解决不了任何问题”和C选项“流血事件毫无意义”,文中说我们还没有认识到暴力不能解决问题、流血和痛苦毫无意义,所以历史上的暴力记录并没有教会我们这两点,A,C错误。D选项“一切”和nothing是相反的,所以D错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“reasonablemen”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.(真正理智的人知道解决办法在哪里,却发现越来越难得到倾听。他们被鄙视,不信任,甚至被他们的同类迫害,因为他们提倡诸如执法这样明显无法容忍的事情。),说明理智的人倡导法制,却遭到了许多困难。因此D选项“在提倡执法方面遭到困难。”正确。A选项“不被听见”,B选项“被轻视”,C选项“受到迫害”都只是遇到困难的某一个方面,本质上是因为他们提倡执法,所以A,B,C错误。

4.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段中It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.(这很像一个著名律师的故事,他煞费苦心地向法官解释他的案子。听了他的长篇辩论,法官抱怨说他并没有因此而变得聪明些。),说明“Hewasnonethewiser”在这里的意思是他听了之后什么也没有得到。因此C选项“听后无所得。”符合题意。A选项“他根本不明智,听不进去”,B选项“他以前一点也不明智”,D选项“他对这场争论毫无意义”都不能表示他听后什么也没有得到的意思,所以A,B,D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.(只要我们在法律框架内工作,真正和持久的解决办法总是可能的。),说明作者认为解决种族歧视的最好方法是法制。因此A选项“法制”正确。B选项“知识”,C选项“非暴力”,D选项“清理暴力的混乱”并不是作者认为解决问题的最好方法,所以B,C,D错误。

12.单选题

Assimilatingthereportincomputingrequiresmuchtime,forI’mnotspecializedinthisfield.

问题1选项

A.Digesting

B.Incorporating

C.Imitating

D.Compiling

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项Digesting“消化”;B选项Incorporating“包含”;C选项Imitating“模仿”;D选项Compiling“编辑”。句意:消化这篇计算方面的报告要花很多时间,因为我不是这方面的专家。划线部分Assimilating是消化、吸收的意思。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Inquiries()theconditionofpatientsmaybemadepersonallyorbytelephone.

问题1选项

A.regarding

B.considering

C.following

D.relating

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词辨析。A选项regarding“关于,至于”,B选项considering“考虑到,就...而言”,C选项following“意为下述,由于”,D选项relating“关联,联系”,句意:有关病人情况的询问可亲自或电话询问。因此,A选项符合句意。

14.单选题

Thereisgrowing()amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedbyprotectedareasalone.

问题1选项

A.consensus

B.concession

C.conception

D.contention

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项consensus“共识,一致”,B选项concession“让步,妥协”,C选项conception“构想,怀孕”,D选项contention“争论,观点”。句意:生态学家们越来越一致认为,仅靠保护区是不能充分保护生物多样性的。因此,A选项符合句意。

15.单选题

CantheInternethelppatientsjumpthelineatthedoctor’soffice?TheSiliconValleyEmployersForum,asophisticatedgroupoftechnologycompanies,islaunchingapilotprogramtotestonline“virtualvisits”betweendoctorsatthreebiglocalmedicalgroupsandabout6,000employeesandtheirfamilies.ThesixemployerstakingpartintheSiliconValleyinitiative,includingheavyhitterssuchasOracleandCiscoSystems,hopethatonlinevisitswillmeanemployeeswon’thavetoskipworktotendtominorailmentsortofollowuponchronicconditions.“Withourlongcommutesandtraffic,driving40milestoyourdoctorinyourhometowncanbeabigchunkoftime,”saysCindyConway,benefitsdirectoratCadenceDesignSystems,oneoftheparticipatingcompanies.

Doctorsaren’tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;theyspendenoughunpaidtimeonthephone.Only1in5haseveremailedapatient,andjust9percentareinterestedindoingso,accordingtotheresearchfirmCyberDialog.“Wearenotstupid,”saysStirlingSomers,executiveoftheSiliconValleyemployersgroup.“Doctorsgettingpaidinacriticalpieceisgettingthistowork.”Inthepilotprogram,physicianswillget$20peronlineconsultation,aboutwhattheygetforasimpleofficevisit.

Doctorsalsofearthey’llbeswampedbyramblinge-mailsthattelleverythingbutwhat’sneededtomakeadiagnosis.SothenewprogramwillusetechnologysuppliedbyHealinx,anAlameda,Calif-basedstart-up.Healinx’s“SmartSymptomWizard”questionspatentsandturnsanswersintoasuccinctmessage.Thecompanyhasonlinedialoguesfor60commonconditions.ThedoctorcanthendiagnosetheproblemandoutlineatreatmentplanwhichcouldincludeE-mailingaprescriptionoraface-to-facevisit.

CanE-mailreplacethedoctor’soffice?Manyconditions,suchaspersistentcough,requireastethoscopetodiscoverwhat’swrong—andtoavoidamalpracticesuit.EvenLarryBonham,headofoneofthedoctor’sgroupsinthepilot,believesthevirtualdoctor’svisitsoffera“verynarrow”sliverofservicebetweenphonecallstoanadvicenurseandavisittotheclinic.

Thepilotprogram,settoendinninemonths,alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice.Sofar,theinternet’srecordinthehealthfieldhasbeenunderwhelming.Theexperimentis“ahugerollofthediceforHealinx”,notesMichaelBarrett,ananalystatInternetconsultingfirmForesterResearch.Ifthe“Webvisits”succeed,expectsomeHMOS(HealthMaintenanceOrganizations)topayforonlinevisits.Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren’tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-upistostanddown.

1.TheSiliconValleyemployerspromotetheE-healthprogramforthepurposeof().

2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheon-linedoctors’visits?

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,doctorsare().

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefutureofonlinevisitswillmostlydependonwhether().

问题1选项

A.rewardingtheiremployee

B.gratifyingthelocalhospitals

C.boostingworkerproductivity

D.testingasophisticatedtechnology

问题2选项

A.Theyareaquitepromisingbusiness.

B.Theyarefundedbythelocalgovernment.

C.Theyarewelcomedbyallthepatients.

D.Theyareverymuchunderexperimentation.

问题3选项

A.reluctanttoserveonlinefornothing

B.notinterestedinWebconsultation

C.tootiredtotalktothepatientsonline

D.contentwith$20paidperWebvisit

问题4选项

A.theemployerswouldremainconfidentinthem

B.theycouldeffectivelyreplaceofficevisits

C.HMOSwouldcoverthecostoftheservice

D.newtechnologieswouldbeavailabletoimprovetheE-healthproject

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第三句hopethatonlinevisitswillmeanemployeeswon’thavetoskipworktotendtominorailmentsortofollowuponchronicconditions.(希望在线访问将意味着员工不必为了照顾小病或慢性病而翘班。),说明电子健康计划的目的是让员工花更多的时间在工作上,提高生产力。因此C选项“提高工人生产力”正确。A选项“奖励他们的员工”,B选项“让当地医院满意”,D选项“测试复杂的技术”均不能说明该计划的目的,所以A,B,D错误。

2.推理判断题。A选项“是一个前景很好的行业”,由原文Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren’tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-upistostanddown.(如果医生、雇主和病人都不满意,还有一家电子健康计划初创企业将退出。)可知该计划的前景还不明朗,所以A错误。B选项“是由当地政府资助的”,文中没有提及政府资助,所以B错误。C选项“受到所有病人的欢迎”在文中没有提及,所以C错误。D选项“处于实验阶段”,由原文可知并非所有的医生都支持该项目,且在线看病还不能完全替代医院看病,是否能达到预期目的也有待观察,说明该项目还处于实验阶段,所以D选项正确。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Doctorsaren’tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;theyspendenoughunpaidtimeonthephone.(医生们并没有吵着要和病人在网上免费看病,他们花在电话上的无酬时间已经够多了。),说明医生不愿意无偿在线看病。因此A选项“不愿无偿在线看病”正确。B选项“对网络咨询不感兴趣”,由原文可知有9%的人感兴趣,所以B选项错误。C选项“太累了,无法在网上和病人交谈”,在文中没有提及,所以C错误。D选项“满足于每次网上看病的20美元薪酬”,文中没有说到他们满足于这个薪酬,所以D错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到最后一段第一句alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice(该计划还希望确定在线看病是否会提高工人的生产率,足以抵消服务成本),说明只有在线看病能发挥其效果,能够抵消服务成本,即在线看病能替代医院看病时,该项目才有前景。因此B选项“可以有效地替代医院看病”正确。A选项“雇主会对他们保持信心”,C选项“HMOS将支付服务费用”,D选项“将利用新技术改进电子健康项目”均不是项目成功的关键,所以A,C,D错误。

16.单选题

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

2.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen()

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe()

4.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line4,Para.5)showsthat()

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

B.Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

C.Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

D.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

问题2选项

A.havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

B.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

C.areexposedtomorestress.

D.aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

问题3选项

A.domesticandtemporary.

B.durableandfrequent.

C.irregularandviolent.

D.trivialandrandom.

问题4选项

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

C.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

问题5选项

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题目问的是:根据前两段的内容,下列哪一项是正确的?根据原文第一段的第二句Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen…(与男性相比,女性在面对压力时特别容易患上抑郁症和焦虑症)以及第二段第一句Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.(对动物和人类的研究表明,性激素会以某种方式影响应激反应,使处于压力下的女性比处于相同条件下的男性产生更多的触发化学物质。)由此可知,C选项“从生理上来看,女性更容易受到压力的影响”表述正确。故本题正确答案为C选项。

2.判断推理题。题目问的是:Dr.Yehuda的研究表明女性……。根据原文第三段第一句Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.(女性压力大的原因除了是因为激素增加导致压力大外,还因为增加了造成压力的“机会”。)由此可知,C选项“会承受更多的压力”正确。因此本题正确答案为C选项。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是:根据第四段的内容,女性面临的压力往往是?根据第四段第二句…womenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.(女性所面临的压力更多是慢性或重复性的性质。)由此可知,B选项的“持久的,频繁的”符合原文表述。A选项“家庭内部的,暂时性的”;C选项“不规律的,暴力的”;D选项“琐碎的,偶然的”均不正确。

4.语义推断题。题目问的是:“我生活在不停的支票支付中”是什么意思?根据原文第五段的内容可知,Alvarez作为单身母亲,有很大的生活压力,她要照顾十几岁的孩子,还要工作,付房租,付汽车费用,还要还债务。由此可见,她的工资早已捉襟见肘,难以支撑家庭开支。选项C与原文表述一致,所以正确。

5.主旨大意题。题目问的是:这篇文章最恰当的标题是?本文通过讲述两性在生理以及实际生活中的差异,描述了女性在压力面前的表现,侧重分析了女性压力大的主要原因。A选项没有集中于体现男女之间的差异,因此A选项错误;B选项只是表明男女之间在压力方面存在差异,并未侧重表现女性要面对更多压力;C选项表示只是属于造成压力的其中一个因素,不能概括文章全部内容。因此本题正确答案为D选项。

17.单选题

WhenI()mysenses,Ifoundmyselfwrappedupinbedinmylittleroom,withGrandmabendingoverme.

问题1选项

A.wokeup

B.tookto

C.pickedup

D.cameto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。cometoone’ssense意为“清醒过来;恢复理性”。句意:当我回过神来,发现自己正裹在小房间的床上,奶奶正俯身看着我。选项D符合语境。

18.单选题

TheplanetVenus,likeEarth,spinsonitsown()asitorbitstheSun.

问题1选项

A.splinter

B.index

C.axis

D.trace

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项splinter“碎片”;B选项index“指数”;C选项axis“轴线”;D选项trace“痕迹”。句意:金星和地球一样,绕着太阳公转,也绕着自己的轴心自转。本句表示自转轴。因此C选项正确。

19.单选题

The()pointofviewpresentsideasandfactsthatbothsupportersandopponentscanagree.

问题1选项

A.main

B.controversial

C.subjective

D.neutral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项main“主要的,最大的”,B选项controversial“引起争论的,有争议的”,C选项subjective“主观的,个人的”,D选项neutral“中立的,中性的”,中立的观点代表了支持者和反对者都能认同的观点和事实。因此,D选项符合句意。

20.单选题

GregoryCurrie,aprofessorofphilosophyeattheUniversityofNottingham,recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy”orothergreatbooks.

Actually,thereissuchevidence.RaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversityinCanada,andKeithOatley,aprofessorofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto,reportedinstudiespublishedin2006and2009thatindividualswhooftenreadfictiona

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