2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号60

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Initsmostabstractsensetheperceptionofalossofcommunityinmodernsocietyreferstochangesinboththestructureandcontentofpersonalrelationships.Herecommunityisusedtodenoteasenseofcommonidentitybetweenindividuals,andenduringtiesofaffectionandharmonybaseduponpersonalknowledgeandface-to-facecontact.Itisoftencontrastedwiththeimpersonalanddehumanizingaspectsofmodern

life,withtheriseofaselfishindividualism,acalculativeapproachtohumanrelationshipsandthesenseofsocialdislocationpresentunderconditionsofrapidsocialandeconomicchange.Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworlD.Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematiC.Thetermwasthereforeusedinaliterallyreactionaryway,asareactiontoboththematerialsqualorandthespiritualdegradationwhichRomanticismassociatedwiththeriseofurbanindustrialism.Communitysignifiedamorehumaneandintimateexistence,morestable,moretraditionalandlesstaintedbytherationalpursuitofself-interest.ThetermwasusedbywriterslikeCobbettandColeridgetoevokealargelymythicalgoldenageinthepre-industrialworld,whereorganiccommunitiesofbeneficentlandownersandmerryrusticslivedahappyArcadianexistenceinthemainlyagriculturalvillagesandsmallmarkettownswhichconstitutedpre-industrial-society.Rapidurbanizationandindustrializationwereaccusedofhavingdestroyedthisnotionofcommunity.

TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityresteD.Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).Sinceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.Relationshipsinruralcommunitieswereregardedasmoreindefinablyprofoundandfulfilling,generatingaprevailingsenseofmeaningfulsocialintimacy.Incities,ontheotherhand,itwasbelievedthatthe"unnatural"separationoftheirinhabitantsfromthelandandfromoneanotherprovokeddislocationandasuperficialandalienatingwayoflife.Thistendencytoidentifyasenseofcommunitywithparticularpatternsofsettlementandparticulargeographicallocationshasprovedtobeanimmenselyenduringone.AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.SuchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreteD.Eventodaythereisatendencytoregardonlyruralvillagesasrealcommunitieswherewecanfindourroots,whilelifeincitiesisviewedasanecessaryeviltobeavoidedwheneverpossible.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Theeighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticisminsistedthat（）.

3.Theword"emblematic"(ParA.1)mayhavethemeaningof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptofcommunity（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.CommunityasCriticismofIndustrialSociety.

B.CommunityintheModernWorld

C.CommunityandChange

D.CommunityandtheSociologicalTradition.

问题2选项

A.modernindustrydestroyedpeople'sharmoniousrelationshipwithnature

B.theurbanlifeisanevilthoughthedevelopmentofindustryisnecessary

C.theycreatedtheconceptofcommunitytocometotermswiththemodernworld

D.theindustrialdevelopmentenrichedthelifeofurbaninhabitants

问题3选项

A.poor

B.pessimistic

C.symbolic

D.disastrous

问题4选项

A.isnotcreateduntiltherapidurbanizationandindustrializationoftheIndustrialRevolution

B.refersonlytotheidealofhumanandrusticlifeinthecountryside

C.isalsousedtoindicatethechangeofsocietystructurebyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincities

D.haschangedwhilechangeshavehappenedinthestructureofsociety

问题5选项

A.Theconflictbetweenurbanandrurallifehasbeenreflectedindifferentaspectsofourculture.

B.Theidealcommunitywilldisappearwiththescientificandtechnologicadvances.

C.Communitycanonlyexistinthepre-industrialsocietywhenpeoplearelesstaintedbythepursuitofself-interest

D.Theconsequencesofthelossofcommunityforthestabilityofsocietyarewidelyfearedbyeveryone.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文分析可知，本文第一段介绍了现代社会中社区丧失的表现。在第二段中可以定位到“TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityrested.”，中文翻译为：人们认为，工业革命不仅通过将大量人口集中在城市和工厂，而且改变了社会结构，而且改变了社区意识所依赖的关系的质量。后文也写到了城市工业化带来了社区的崩溃，以及城市和农村的矛盾等。综合考虑下，A选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词eighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticism可定位到文章“Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworld.”，中文翻译为：“这些判断的典型代表是18世纪和19世纪浪漫主义的悲观派，强调人与自然的统一，以情感反对理性，并对新兴的城市和工业世界进行彻底的批评。”以及“Sinceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.”，中文翻译为：由于城市工业化带来了社区的崩溃，因此，真正的社区不可能存在于新的工业城市，而只存在于农村。因此，乡村被认为是理想的社区。人与自然统一的浪漫主张在田园诗般的乡村生活中被认为是由和谐和美德构成的。可推断出A项“现代工业破坏了人与自然的和谐关系”正确。

3.词义猜测题。根据题干中关键字emblematic可以定位到文章第一段“Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematic.”，中文翻译为：新时代的科技进步与人类精神上和情感上的贫乏形成了鲜明的对比，在这种贫穷中，社区的丧失被视为象征。由语境可知，C项“象征性”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词theconceptofcommunity可以定位到文章“Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.”，中文翻译为：为了适应这种新的社会形式，人们使用了社区的概念，因此D项“社会结构发生变化的时候，它也已经改变了”正确。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章“Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).”，中文翻译为：从这种观念出发，出现了一个非常普遍的文学和文化主题，雷蒙德•烕廉姆斯在他的两本书《文化和社会》以及《国家和城市》(Williams，1961，1973)中充分探讨了这一主题。以及“AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.Suchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreted.”，中文翻译为：正如烕廉斯所表明的那样，这是一种己经渗透到我们文化的很大领域的传统，包括我们的文学、美学、建筑和城乡规划，甚至我们的社会科学。这一传统继续充当一个过滤器，通过它不断解读城市和农村生活的现实。故答案为A“城市和农村生活之间的冲突反映在我们文化的不同方面”。

2.单选题

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresourceswhichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

问题1选项

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。（be）establishedon“建立在……之上”。句意：美国社会是建立在一种极其不稳固的自然资源基础上的，这与可能恶化的环境有联系。结合此处语义，A选项正确。

3.单选题

He（）himselfonherbynotinvitinghertohisparty.

问题1选项

A.revenged

B.repaid

C.reproached

D.rectified

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。revengeoneselfonsb.表示“报复；向（某人）报仇”。句意：他通过不邀请她来参加派对向她报复。结合句意，故A为正确答案。

4.单选题

Thesalmonisoneofourmostvaluablefish.Itoffersusfood,sportandprofit.Everyyearcommercialfishing（1）aharvestofoverabillionpoundsofsalmonfromtheseA.Hundredsofthousandsofsalmonarecaughteachyearbyeager（2）fishers.

Inautumn,theriversoftheNorthwesternUnitedStatescome（3）withsalmon.Thesalmonhavelefttheoceanandare（4）theiryearlyrunuprivertospawn.Yettoday,therearefarfewersalmonthan（5）,becausethesalmon,（6）hassufferedfrommanyperilsofthemodernage.

Waterpollutionhaskilledmanysalmonby（7）themofoxygen.Over-fishinghasfurtherdecreasedtheirnumber.Damshasanother（8），becausetheylockmigrationpaths.Fishladders,（9）steppedpools,havebeenbuiltsothatsalmoncanswim（10）overthedams.Butyoungsalmonswimmingtotheoceanhavetrouble（11）theladders.Oftenthey（12）theirdeathsoverthedamorarekilledingianthydroelectricturbines.

（13）Americawillcontinuetohaveplentyofsalmon,conservationistshaveplannedseveralwaysto（14）thesalmonpopulation.Conservationofficialshavehadsomesuccess（15）salmoninhatcheriesandstockingsalmonriverswiththem.Salmonarealsobeing（16）intonewareas.In1996,hundredsofthousandsofyoungCohosalmonwereplantedinstreamsoffLakeMichigan.Theadultswereexpectedtomigratetothelakeand（17）anundesirablefish.TheCohoes（18）sowellonthiskindoffishinLakeMichigan（19）CohoesarebeingplantedinotherGreatLakes.

Thankstotheforesightand（20）ofconservationists,thevaluablesalmonshouldbearoundAmericanshores,riversandlakesforalongtimetocome.

问题1选项

A.resultsin

B.resultsfrom

C.resultsat

D.resultedin

问题2选项

A.commerce

B.sports

C.salmon

D.kindness

问题3选项

A.alive

B.active

C.live

D.about-

问题4选项

A.at

B.in

C.on

D.by

问题5选项

A.everso

B.eversince

C.everafter

D.everbefore

问题6选项

A.production

B.population

C.family

D.growing

问题7选项

A.forbidding

B.exploiting

C.robbing

D.endangering

问题8选项

A.danger

B.obstacle

C.problem

D.element

问题9选项

A.madeupfor

B.madeupto

C.madeup

D.madeupof

问题10选项

A.properly

B.safely

C.quickly

D.frequently

问题11选项

A.discover

B.toclimb

C.finding

D.measuring

问题12选项

A.fallto

B.fallback

C.fallacross

D.fallaway

问题13选项

A.Sothat

B.Sofaras

C.Somuchas

D.Solongas

问题14选项

A.explode

B.develop

C.increase

D.catch

问题15选项

A.supporting

B.raising

C.keeping

D.resulting

问题16选项

A.invaded

B.introduced

C.found

D.given

问题17选项

A.liveon

B.feedin

C.feedupon

D.feedback

问题18选项

A.activate

B.grow

C.thrived

D.developed

问题19选项

A.inwhich

B.that

C.where

D.which

问题20选项

A.objectives

B.planning

C.invention

D.arrangement

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:C

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:C

第19题:B

第20题:B

【解析】1.考查词组。此处大意为：每年商业捕鱼都会从海里收获超过10亿磅的三文鱼。结合句意得知正确答案为A:resultin“导致；引起”。

2.考查词汇。此处大意为：急不可耐的___渔民每年都会捕捉成千上万的三文鱼。最符合语境句意的选项为B，与eager搭配最为合适的是"sports娱乐”，即“消遣性渔民”。

3.考查词组。本句大意为：秋季，美国西北部的河因三文鱼而热闹起来。comealive“热闹起来，活跃起来”，只有A选项合适。

4.考查介词。本句大意为：三文鱼离开海洋，每年都会回流到河面上产卵。根据句意，C项为最佳答案。

5.考查逻辑关系。结合前文的yet“然而”可知此处表达的是现在与过去的对比，最符合语境句意的选项为D“everbefore以前”。

6.考查词义。根据上文farfewersalmon可知三文鱼的整体数量减少，结合句意，最佳答案为Bpopulation“（生物）种群；数量”。

7.考查词义。robsb./sth.ofsth.“剥夺某人/物所需或应得之物”，本句句意为：水污染夺走了许多三文鱼的氧气，使它们死亡。因此最佳答案为C。

8.考查词义。前文谈及“水污染杀死了很多三文鱼”，结合上下文及空格之前的内容，判断出最佳答案为A。

9.考查短语。A:makeupfor“弥补；补偿”；B:makeuptosB.“献媚；奉承”；C:makeup“编造；化妆”；D:bemadeupof表示“由……构成”。此处大意为：由阶梯式游泳池构成的鱼梯，因此答案为D。

10.考查副词，此处大意为：建造鱼梯是为了三文鱼能（）游过大坝，结合上下文语义，最符合的答案应是选项B“安全地”。

11.考查搭配和语义。根据前文havetroubleindoingsth.可知答案在C\D两项中，结合句意，判断出正确选项C。

12.考查词组。根据前文大意，游入海洋的小鱼在发现梯子方面有些困难判断出后半句是说明这种结果，因此A选项和后文构成“falltotheirdeathsoverthedam”为最佳答案，意为“掉到大坝上而摔死”。

13.考查逻辑关系。此处后文大意为：“生态环境保护者规划一些方案以增加三文鱼的数量”，空格处应起到连接的作用，结合句意，最佳答案为Dsolongas“只要”。

14.考查词汇。前文的用词“decreasetheirnumber”可以判断出此处填入选项C“增加族群数量”符合句意。

15.考查搭配。根据并列的部分stockingsalmonrivers可知，“raisesalmoninhatcheries在孵化场饲养三文鱼”符合语境，最佳答案为B。

16.考查动词。introduceinto“引进”，此处句意表达大意为：三文鱼被引进到新区域中。故答案为B。

17.考查词组。根据“theadults”以及“anundesirablefish不受欢迎的鱼”可知，此处表示“以……为食”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。

18.考查固定搭配。thriveon“靠吃……长壮；因某事而有成”。故选C。

19.考查固定搭配和结构状语从句。so...that...“如此……以致于……”，B为最佳答案。

20.考查名词。根据空格后关键词conservationists可以定位到上段第一句中“conservationistshaveplannedseveralwaysto...”，故答案为Bplanning。

5.单选题

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheeditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

问题1选项

A.issue

B.printing

C.magazine

D.copy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:issue“（报刊或杂志）期刊”；B:printing“印刷;印刷术”；C:magazine“杂志”；D:copy“一份；复制品”。句意：非常高兴拜读了贵刊二月的一期中所登载有关约翰逊教授致编辑的信。结合此处语义，A为正确答案。

6.单选题

ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.Lestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothe1660’swasthatofservants.AcritiqueoftheHanlins’interpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexamined,andthatexplanationforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmerica'shouldbeexpanded.

TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660's,thepositionofWhileservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimproving,duringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.AnotherflawintheHandlin’interpretationistheirassumptionthatpriortotheestablishmentoflegalslaverytherewasnodiscriminationagainstBlackpeople.Itistruethatbeforethe1660’sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.Butthisshouldnotovershadowevidencefromthe1630sonchatpointstoracialdiscriminationwithoutusingthetermslavery.Suchdiscriminationsometimes,stoppedshortoflifetimeservitudeorinheritedstatusthetwoattributesoftrueslavery-yetinothercasesitincludedboth.TheHandlins'argumentexcludestherealpossibilitythatBlackpeopleintheEnglishcolonieswerenevertreatedastheequalsofWhitepeople.

Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.Inaddition,theexistenceofdiscriminationbeforetheadventoflegalslaveryoffersafurtherexplanationfortheharshertreatmentofBlackslavesinNorththaninSouthAmericA.FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica-suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmericA.Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelybasedonlyonalackofsomething.AmorecompellingexplanationisthattheearlyandsometimesextremeracialdiscriminationintheEnglishcolonieshelpeddeterminetheparticularnatureoftheslaverythatfollowed.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlogicalinferencetobedrawnfromthepassageabouttheeffectsof“severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislatures”(lines11)passedduringandafterthe1660’s?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthestatusofBlackpeopleintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericabeforethe1660'swouldtheauthorbeLEASTlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,theHandlinshavearguedwhichofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenracialprejudiceandtheinstitutionoflegalslaveryintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmerica?

4.ThepassagesuggeststhattheexistenceofaRomanconceptionofslaveryinSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadtheeffectof（）.

5.TheauthorconsiderstheFreyreandTannenbaumforthetreatmentaccordedBlackslavesintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericatobe（）.

问题1选项

A.Theactsnegativelyaffectedthepre-1660'spositionofBlackaswellasofwhiteservants

B.TheactshadtheeffectofimpartingratherthanimprovingthepositionofWhiteservantsrelativetowhatithadbeenbeforethe1660's

C.TheactshadadifferenteffectonthepositionofWhiteservantsthandidmanyoftheactspassedduringthistimebythelegislaturesofothercolonies

D.Theacts,attheveryleastcausedthepositionofWhiteservantstoremainnobetterthanithadbeenbeforethe1660's

问题2选项

A.AlthoughBlackpeoplewerenotlegallyconsideredtobeslaves,theywereoftencalledslaves

B.Althoughsubjecttosomediscrimination;Blackpeoplehadaheightlegalstatusthantheydidafterthe1660’s.

C.Althoughsometimessubjecttolifetimeservitude,Blackpeoplewerenotlegallyconsideredtobeslaves.

D.AlthoughoftennottreatedthesameasWhitepeople,Blackpeople,likemanyWhitepeople,possessedthelegalstatusofservants.

问题3选项

A.Racialprejudiceandtheinstitutionofslaveryarosesimultaneously

B.Racialprejudicemostoftentooktheformoftheimpositionofinheritedstatus,oneortheattributesofslavery

C.Thesourceofracialprejudicewastheinstitutionofslavery

D.BecauseoftheinfluenceoftheRomanCatholicChurch,racialprejudicesometimesdidnotresultinslaveryslay

问题4选项

A.extendingratherthancausingracialprejudiceinthesecolonies

B.hasteningthelegalizationofslaveryinthesecolonies

C.mitigatingsomeoftheconditionsofslaveryforBlackpeopleinthesecolonies

D.delayingtheintroductionofslaveryintotheEnglishcolonies

问题5选项

A.ambitiousbutmisguided

B.validbutlimited

C.popularbutsuspect

D.anachronisticandcontroversial

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislatures可以定位到文章中“TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660,s,thepositionofWhiteservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.”中文翻译为：汉林夫妇认为，在17世纪60年代，白人仆人的地位相对于黑人仆人的地位正在改善，从而解释了法律奴隶制的出现。以及原文中“Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.”，中文翻译为：.因此，黑奴和白种人争论不休，黑人和白人仆人历来待遇相同，每个人都获得了不同的地位。然而，对于这一论点，有一些重要的反对意见；和原文“First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimprovingduringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.”，中文翻译为：首先，马里兰州和维吉尼亚州立法机构的几项法案表明，17世纪60年代期间和之后，这位白人仆人的地位并没有得到充分证明。可以推测出白人仆人的地位没有提高，因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.”中文翻译为：在北美英国殖民地大法规中，只有在1660年之后才首次对奴隶制度有所提及，即黑人被输入到美洲后的四十年。“Lestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothel660’swasthatofservants.”，中文翻译为：唯恐我认为奴隶制度事实上的存在先于其法律上的存在，奥斯卡和玛丽•汉德林使我们相信，直到十七世纪六十年代为止，黑人的地位是充当佣人。以及“Itistruethatbeforethe1660'sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.”中文翻译为：的确，在1660年以前，黑人很少被称为奴隶。可以推测出A选项是作者最不可能同意的观点。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.”中文翻译为：这种可能性具有重要的意义。以及“IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.”，中文翻译为：假若从一开始起黑人就遭到歧视，那么，法律上的奴隶制度应被视作种族歧视的一种反应和延伸，而不应像包括汉德林夫妇在内的许多史学家所指出的那样，被视作种族偏见的起因。可以推测出C选项正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中“FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica-suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmerica.”中文翻译为：弗雷尔和坦纳博不无道理指出，北美洲某些传统的缺失一一比如古罗马有关奴隶制度的观念以及罗马天主对于平等的强调一一可以说明黑人奴隶在那里的待遇要比在南美洲西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地的黑人奴隶的待遇更为苛刻。可以得知C选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyargued...”中文翻译为:“弗雷尔和坦纳博正确地主张了/论证了……”以及“Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelybasedonlyonalackofsomething.”中文翻译为：但是，这并不能成为一种完整的解释，因为仅仅是从反面进行的，以某些事物的缺乏为其依据。可以推测出B选项正确。

7.单选题

Youcan'tkeepthemilkoutsideforanight,itwillturn（）.

问题1选项

A.sour

B.stained

C.rotten

D.acid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:sour“有酸味的”；B:stained“玷污的”；C:rotten“腐烂的；恶臭的”；D:acid“酸性的”。句意：你不能把牛奶放在外面过夜，它会变质。结合语境，表示牛奶变酸，故选A。

8.单选题

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（）brilliantcareer.

问题1选项

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:porch“阳台”；B:threshold“开端；门槛”；C:edge“边缘”；D:course“课程；航线”。句意：作为学院最年轻的教授之一，布朗先生必然是正处于辉煌事业的起点。结合语境，故B为正确答案。

9.单选题

Automobiles,notfactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmerica'scities,andthesmog（）thepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.

问题1选项

A.presents

B.emerges

C.erects

D.imposes

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:presents“呈现；提交；使产生”；B:emerges“出现”；C:erects“使直立”；D:imposes“强加；征税”。句意：汽车而不是工厂，是美国城市三分之二的烟雾的罪魁祸首。烟雾产生了一种全新的流行病的可能性，不是由一种细菌引起的，而是由于环境污染造成的。结合语境，由宾语是“一种全新疾病的可能性”，可知A为正确答案。

10.单选题

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

问题1选项

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:absorption“吸收”；B:transition“过渡，转变”；C:consumption“消费”；D:interaction“相互作用”。句意：水从固体转变为液体，吸收了周围所有物质的热量，这种吸收产生了周围的人工寒冷。根据语境和句意，这里所指的是吸热，因此A最合适。

11.单选题

Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling.

Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelytoplaysafe.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.

Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:“Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible.”Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild'sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement.

1.Teachersdifferintheiropinionsabout（）.

2.Theexpression"playsafe"probablymeans（）.

3.Teachersencouragetheuseofdictionariessothat（）.

4.Thewriterseemstothinkthattheteacher'sjudgmentonthatsensitivepieceofwritingis（）.

5.Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.thedifficultiesinteachingspelling

B.theroleofspellingingenerallanguagedevelopment

C.thecomplexitiesofthebasicwritingskills

D.thenecessityofteachingspelling

问题2选项

A.towritecarefully

B.todoasteacherssay

C.Iousedictionariesfrequently

D.toavoidusingwordsoneisnotsureof

问题3选项

A.studentswillbeabletoexpresstheirideasmorefreely

B.teacherswillhavelesstroubleincorrectingmistakes

C.studentswillhavemoreconfidenceinwriting

D.studentswilllearntobeindependentofteachers

问题4选项

A.reasonable

B.unfair

C.foolish

D.careless

问题5选项

A.theimportanceofdevelopingwritingskills

B.thecomplexitiesofspelling

C.thecorrectwayofmarkingcompositions

D.therelationshipbetweenspellingandthecontentofacomposition

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Thereare，however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability”，中文翻译为“然而，对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。”以及“Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling.”中文翻译为：“所存在的问题是，在写作当中怎样鼓励孩子不要让复杂的拼写来影响他流畅地，自信地表达自己的思想。”推断出教学分歧在于怎样教授拼写、以及把拼写放在什么样优先的地位。结合语境，B选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelytoplaysafe.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage”，中文翻译为“如果字的拼写成为老师关心的唯一焦点，很明显，聪明的孩子很可能就会为‘保险起见’，只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。”可以推测出D选项“避免用他/她不确定的内容”正确。

3.推理判断题。由题干theuseofdictionaries可以定位到文章第二段中Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.”中文翻译为“他只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。那就是为什么老师常常鼓励学生很早就要使用字典，而且写作时重视内容而非拼写技能。可以推测出A选项“学生能更自由地表达自己的想法”正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中“Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil'stechnical