2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国海洋大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号10

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国海洋大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Itusedtobe——inpopularimagination,ifnotalwaysinreality——thatitwasthemanofthehousewhototedthetoolbelt,fixingaleakyfaucethereandrepairingaholeinthedrywallthere,whileoverseeinghomeimprovements,fromnewbookshelvestoroomadditions.Itseemedpartofourevolutionarydevelopmentasatool—usingspeciesthatitwasmen,alone,whowouldprowltheaislesofhardwarestores.

Demographicschange.WomenaccounttodayforfullyhalfoftheU.S.S140billionretailhardwareandhomeimprovementindustrysalesintheUnitedStates.Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant.Homeimprovementtelevisionshows,specialtymagazines,teachingclinics,andevenwebsitescatertothesedo-it-yourselfers,understandingthatwomenarethe“instigators”ofhomeimprovementprojectswhetherornotthereisamaninthehouse.Thecommonwisdomintheindustryisthatwomenhavesignificantcontrolnotonlyoverselectionofproducts,butalsooverthehouseholdbudget.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumlipthepassage?

2.Womenaretakinguphomerepairsmoreandmorejustbecause（

）.

3.Wecanguessfromcontextcluesthattheword4lotote”means

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

问题1选项

A.Womennowcanworkonhomeimprovementallbythemselves,notneedingmen’shelp.

B.Womenarenowbecomingexpertsathomeimprovement.

C.It’swomen,notmen,whonowgotohardwarestores.

D.Womenarebornbetterathomerepairs.

问题2选项

A.menareunwillingtodoit

B.womenhavebeenfoundtobemoretalentedatit

C.womenareaffectedbycertainthoughtsandmovement

D.womanwanttodemonstratethattheyaresuperiortomen

问题3选项

A.torepair

B.tocarry

C.tosell

D.tobuy

问题4选项

A.Womenhaven'ttakenuphomeimprovementatall

B.Nowadays,mendon’tworkonhomeimprovementanymore.

C.Moreandmorewomennowmakeeffortstobecomedo-it-yourselfers.

D.Mencan’tbetheinstigatorofhomeimprovements.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章最主要讨论的是女性所扮演的角色的变化:之前不参与家居环境改进相关的工作，现在主要依靠自己对家居环境进行改进，并决定产品的选择和家庭预算。因此B项“如今，女性变得善于进行家居环境改进”比较能概括文章大意。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant(受20世纪80年代初期的‘自己动手’运动的推动和变化的经济社会现实的影响，女性更多的是依靠自己)。故选C项“女性受到了某些思想和运动的影响”。

3.词义题。“totote”出现在第一句:Itusedtobe——inpopularimagination,ifnotalwaysinreality——thatitwasthemanofthehousewhototedthetoolbelt,fixingaleakyfaucethereandrepairingaholeinthedrywallthere,whileoverseeinghomeimprovements,fromnewbookshelvestoroomadditions(过去,…的通常是一个家庭中的男性，虽然现实不一定如此，但至少在大家的观念里是这样的。包括在这儿修理一个漏水龙头，在那儿填补干墙上的一个洞，与此同时还要监督家居的环境改进，从购置新书架到其他房间布置物)。分析句子可知,whototedthetoolbelt作定语修饰“男性”,通过后面的“在这儿修理一个漏水龙头…”推断totedthetoolbelt应该表示“携带工具腰带”,因此四个选项中与“totote”意思最接近的应该是B。

4.判断推理题。第二段指出:Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant(受20世纪80年代初期的‘自己动手’运动的推动和变化的经济社会现实的影响，女性更多的是依靠自己),由此推断C项“如今，越来越多的女性努力成为自己动手者”符合原文。

2.单选题

TheUniversityHealthServiceisanoutpatientfacilitywhichprovidesprimaryhealthcaretotheuniversitycommunity.TheHealthServicepersonnelincludesafamilypracticephysician,twonursepractitionersandamedicalsecretary.Thenursepractitionershaveresponsibilitytoprovidethehealthcaretothestudents,andtoobtainphysicianconsultationasneeded.Servicesincludechronic,acute,androutinemedicalcare,laboratorytests,allergyinjections,physicalexaminations,andcounselingandhealtheducation.Referralsaremadetonearbyspecialistswhennecessary.Forexaminationpurposes,bloodisdrawnonpremisesandsenttoalocallab.Laboratorytestssuchasurinalysisandmicroscopicexaminationsmaybedoneonpremisesatnocharge.Referralsaremadetoanearbyfacilityforx-rays.Medicinesaregivenasavailable.Prescriptionscanbefilledatoneofthelocalpharmacies.

1.WhichofthefollowingisnotperformedatthefacilitiesoftheUniversityHealthservice?

2.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

3.Theparagraphimmediatelyfollowingthepassageprobablydiscusses（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

5.Mostoftheprimaryhealthcareisprovidedby（

）.

问题1选项

A.counseling

B.x-rays

C.allergyshots

D.urinalysis

问题2选项

A.Todescribeon-campusmedicalcare

B.Toreportthemostcommonhealthcomplaints

C.Todescribethequalificationsofthestaff

D.Tooutlineroutineinsurancepolicies

问题3选项

A.coursesmhealtheducation

B.howtocallanambulance

C.thebusinesshoursoftheHealthService

D.whytheHealthServiceisuseful

问题4选项

A.Alarmed

B.Superior

C.Liberal

D.Objective

问题5选项

A.adoctor

B.nurses

C.amedicalsecretary

D.labtechnicians

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由句子“Referralsaremadetoanearbyfacilityforx-rays(转诊病人被送到附近有相关设备的机构进行X射线检查)”可知B项“X射线（检查）”不包括在大学卫生服务内容里。由句子“Laboratorytestssuchasurinalysisandmicroscopicexaminationsmaybedoneonpremisesatnocharge(如尿分析和显微镜检查等实验室测试可以在经营场所（即大学公共医疗卫生服务处）免费进行)”可知D项“尿分析”包括在内。由句子“Servicesincludechronic,acute,androutinemedicalcare,laboratorytests,allergyinjections,physicalexaminations,andcounselingandhealtheducation(大学医疗保健提供的服务包括慢性、急性和日常的医疗服务、实验室测试、过敏免疫注射、体格检查、咨询服务和健康教育)”可知A项“咨询服务”和C项“过敏疫苗注射”包括在内。因此本题选B。

2.主旨大意题。文章通篇主要是对大学公共医疗卫生服务的介绍。故选A项“描述了校园医疗服务”。

3.判断推理题。文章主要是对大学公共医疗卫生服务进行介绍，其中包括工作人员和提供的服务两个方面，因此可以推知文章接下来可能会对大学公共医疗卫生服务第三个方面的介绍。故选C项“医疗卫生服务的工作时间”。

4.观点态度题。通篇作者客观陈述或介绍了大学公共医疗卫生服务。故选D“客观的”。

5.细节事实题。由句子“Thenursepractitionershaveresponsibilitytoprovidethehealthcaretothestudents…(执业护士有义务为学生提供医疗保健…)”可知B项“护士”正确。

3.单选题

Theinfluenceofclimateonbehaviorappearsall-pervasive.Indeed,whocanclaimthatweatherfactorshavenoinfluenceontheirdecision-making?Everyonecanpointtoinstanceswhereplansandactivitieshavebeenchangedbecauseofweatherconditions.People'smoodsalsochangewiththeweather:brightsunnydaysseemtoliftspirits,whiledarkrainyperiodsbringondepression.

Lawenforcementagenciesarebeginningtoshowinterestintheeffectofatmosphericconditionsonbehavior.Everyyear,theFBI'sUniformCrimeReportsprovidebreakdownsofthecrimeratesbymonthandseasonoftheyear.Bothmonthlyandseasonalvariationsareconsideredtoreflectthevaryinginfluenceoftemperature,precipitation,humidity,lengthofdaylight,andanumberofotherclimatologicalfactors.

Variousstudiesfindrelationshipsbetweenspecificclimatologicalconditionsandcrime.Risingtemperatureisgenerallyaccompaniedbyincreasesinaggressionandviolentcrime.Ontheotherhand,highhumidityappearstoreducetheincidenceofphysicalactivityandaggression.Rain,cloudcover,andotherformsofinclementweatherareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofpropertycrimesandincreaseddepression.

Ourstudyshowedthatlowhumidityhasthemostwidespreadinfluenceonalltypesofcrimestudied.Theanalysisalsoshowsthatashumidityincreasesthelevelofcrimedecreases.TemperaturealsohasagreateffectIncreasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories.Burglariesanddaytimeassaultsalsotendtoincreasealongwithcloudcover.Exceptforwindspeedandbarometricpressurewithregardtodaytimeassaults,theremainingweatherfactorshavevirtuallynoinfluenceonthelevelsofcrime.

Individualswhorespondwithcriminalbehaviortoweatherchangesorweatherextrememaybecontrollablebyadministeringdrugsthatoffsettheseinfluences.Electricalstimulationofpleasurecentersinthebrainmaysomedaybeafeasiblecountermeasuretoaggressivestimuliduetoincreasedtemperatureorotherweathervariables.

Changingormanipulatingtheweatherisonepossiblemeansofattackingaweather-crimeinteraction.Thisapproachmaynotbefeasibleduetothemanyrelationshipsbetweenweatherclimateandtherotationoftheearth.Minorchangesmaybepossiblesuchasregulationofrainfallorskycover.Ontheotherhand,temperaturecontrolmaybepossible.

Moreresearchisneededtoassessandclarifytherelationshipbetweencrimeandthevariousclimatologicalfactors.Oncethisisaccomplished,itwillbenecessarytodevisemoreaccuratemeansofforecastingtheweather,counteractingtheeffectsofweatheronhumanbehavior,andcontrollingtheenvironment,oridentifyingotherapproachestotheproblem.

1.Peoplearelikelytobeveryactiveandaggressive（

）.

2.Peopleareinlowspirits

（

）.

3.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptthat

（

）.

4.Thefollowingarealloptimum-conditionsexcept

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwaystohandlecrimeisnotmention（

）.

问题1选项

A.whenitisrainyandcloudy

B.ashumidityincreases

C.whenthereislittlemoisture

D.astemperaturedecreases

问题2选项

A.duringthenight

B.onclearandfinedays

C.onhotandsunnydays

D.duringcoldandstormy-weather

问题3选项

A.nighttimestealingincreasesalongwithtemperature

B.nobodyisfreefromtheinfluenceofweatherfactors

C.crimeratesarerelatedtotemperature,moisture,etc.

D.peoplearethinkingaboutthepossiblewaystohandleindividualreactiontoclimatologicalchanges.

问题4选项

A.littleskycover

B.highertemperature

C.higherhumidity

D.lowertemperature

问题5选项

A.Surgicalcorrectio

B.Medicinetreatment

C.Weathercontrol

D.Morepolicework.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词activeandaggressive定位至第三段:Ontheotherhand,highhumidityappearstoreducetheincidenceofphysicalactivityandaggression(另一方面，湿度高会减少激烈的身体接触和侵害事件的发生),因此C项“温度低时”正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词inlowspirits定位至第三段:Risingtemperatureisgenerallyaccompaniedbyincreasesinaggressionandviolentcrime(温度上升时人的好斗情绪和暴力犯罪事件会增加),由此可知D项“在寒冷和暴风雨时”人情绪低落”正确。

3.细节事实题。A:气温升高时夜间入室盗窃事件增多,第四段指出:Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(气温升高不会影响夜间入室盗窃的频率，但会增加其他类型的犯罪事件),因此A项不符合文章所述。B:人人都会受天气因素的影响,第一段指出:Theinfluenceofclimateonbehaviorappearsall-pervasive(气候对行为的影响是全方位的),因此B项符合原文。C:犯罪率与气温、湿度等因素有关,第四段指出:Ourstudyshowedthatlowhumidityhasthemostwidespreadinfluenceonalltypesofcrimestudied(研究表明低湿度对各类犯罪有最广泛的影响),以及Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(气温升高不会影响夜间入室盗窃的频率，但会增加其他类型的犯罪事件),因此C项正确。D:人们在考虑个人应对气候变化的有效方法,最后一段指出:Moreresearchisneededtoassessandclarifytherelationshipbetweencrimeandthevariousclimatologicalfactors(需要更多研究来评估和阐明犯罪与多种多样气候因素的关系)。因此本题答案选A。

4.判断推理题。题干问的是以下哪个选项不属于能减少犯罪的情况。第四段指出:Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(气温升高不会影响夜间入室盗窃的频率,但会增加其他类型的犯罪事件),由此可知答案为B项“气温升高”。

5.细节事实题。题干问的是以下哪项不属于文中提及的解决措施。由第五段“Electricalstimulationofpleasurecentersinthebrainmaysomedaybeafeasiblecountermeasuretoaggressivestimuliduetoincreasedtemperatureorotherweathervariables(总有一天，电刺激大脑快感中心会成为应对因气温不断升高或其他天气变量而导致的激进刺激的一种可行措施)”可知A项“外科轿治”正确。由第五段“Individualswhorespondwithcriminalbehaviortoweatherchangesorweatherextrememaybecontrollablebyadministeringdrugsthatoffsettheseinfluences(可能通过采用能抵消这些影响的药物来治疗有犯罪行为的人)”可知B项“药物治疗”正确。由第六段“Changingormanipulatingtheweatherisonepossiblemeansofattackingaweather-crimeinteraction(改善或控制天气变化可能成为对抗受天气影响的犯罪行为的一个方法)”可知C项“天气控制”正确。因此本题选D。

4.单选题

Mr.Morgancanbeverysad（

），thoughinpublicheisextremelycheerful

问题1选项

A.inperson

B.inprivate

C.byhimself

D.asindividual

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管在公共场合非常高兴，但是在私底下Morgan先生可能非常伤心。

考查短语辨析。inperson亲自,本人;inprivate私底下;byhimself靠他自己;asindividual作为个人。因此B符合句意。

5.单选题

Whileafullunderstandingofwhatcausesthediseasemaybeseveralyearsaway,（

）leadingtoasuccessfultreatmentcouldcomesooner.

问题1选项

A.adistinction

B.aninterpretation

C.abreakthrough

D.anidentification

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管要完全了解这种病的病因可能还需要几年时间，但成功治疗此病的突破性的进展却可能来得更快。

考查名词辨析。Distinction荣誉,差别,优秀;interpretation解释,阐释;breakthrough突破,突破性进展;identification鉴定,辨认,确认。根据题干关键词while可知句子前后形成对比关系。C项与前面句意形成对比关系。故选C。

6.单选题

Themotionofoceanwater（

）atdifferentdepthsbelowthesurface.

问题1选项

A.varies

B.modified

C.alters

D.differs

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在海面下的不同深度，海水的运动是变化的。

考查动词辨析。Vary变化;modify修改，修饰;alter改变，更改;differ相异,有区别,不同于。故A符合句意。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

上学是一个特定的形式化了的过程。在不同场合下，它的基本形式大同小异。在全国各地，孩子们几乎在同一时刻到达学校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人传授知识，使用大致相同的教材，做作业，考试等等。他们所学的现实生活中的一些片断，如字母表或政府的运作，往往受到科目范围的限制。

【答案】Schoolingisaspecific,formalizedprocess,whosebasicformvariesondifferentoccasions.Alloverthecountry,childrenarriveatschoolatalmostthesametime,takedesignatedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,useapproximatelysametextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Someslicesoflifeinrealitytobelearnedbythem,suchasthealphabetortheworkingsofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbythescopesofthesubjectstobetaught.

8.单选题

Someoldpeopledon’tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan’t（

）somuchnoise.

问题1选项

A.resist

B.tolerate

C.sustain

D.undergo

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一些老年人因不能忍受太多的噪音而不喜欢流行歌曲。

考查动词辨析。resist抵抗，抵制;tolerate忍受，忍受（令人不愉快的事情或人）；sustain支撑，承受（负担或指责）；undergo经受，遭受。空格处动词的宾语为noise(噪音)，因此B符合句意。

9.单选题

Themanoverthereis（

）ourprincipal.

问题1选项

A.nootherbut

B.noonethan

C.nootherthan

D.oneotherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:那个男人正是我们的首长。

考查短语辨析。nootherthan和noneotherthan都有“正是”的意思，但noneotherthan语气更强，还表示“惊奇、赞美、强调等语气”,故选D。

10.单选题

TheMartTwainBoyhoodHomeandMuseuminHannibal,Missouri,isthe（

）ofthegreatwriter.

问题1选项

A.restoredchildhoodhome

B.homerestoredofchildhood

C.homewherechildhoodrestored

D.restoredhomeofhischildhood

【答案】A

【解析】句意:马克吐温童年故居博物馆在密苏里州的汉尼拔，它也是这位伟大作家整修后的童年故居。

语法题。考查定语排列顺序。restored“修葺一新的”和childhood“童年时期”分别做前置定语修饰home。故选A

11.单选题

Theskierswouldrather（

）throughthemountainsthangobybus.

问题1选项

A.totravelbytrain

B.traveledbytrain

C.travelbytrain

D.travelingbytrain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这些滑雪者宁可坐火车穿越群山而不愿意坐公交。

考查固定搭配。wouldratherdosth.宁愿、宁可、最好…。

12.单选题

Icanmeetyouateighto’clock;（

）youcancallforme.

问题1选项

A.incidentally

B.actually

C.alternatively

D.accordingly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我可以八点钟跟你见面，或者你也可以来接我。

考查副词辨析。Incidentally顺便,偶然地;actually实际上;alternatively二者择一地,或者;accordingly因此。故C符合句意。

13.单选题

TheQueen’svisittoChinawaslargely（

）.Butitendedanunhappychapterintherelationship.

问题1选项

A.synthetic

B.representative

C.international

D.symbolic

【答案】D

【解析】句意:女王访问中国在很大程度上是象征性的，但它却导致双方的关系出现了不愉快的篇章。

考查形容词辨析。Synthetic合成的,人造的,综合的;representative代表的,典型的;international国际的,世界性的;symbolic象征的。But表转折,可知前后句子应该为对比或相反,因此D符合句意。

14.单选题

Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economics,andwar.Butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors——orofpeopleverydifferentfromourown——canbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andastudyofitclearlyofferusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooks.

Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly"political”artist.Inhiswell-knownpaintingTheThirdofMay1808,hecriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforitsmisuseofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,symbolicimageswereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuernicatoexpressthehorrorofwar.Meanwhile,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRivera.JoseClementeOrozco,andDavidAlfaroSiqueirosaswellastheworksofAlfredoRamosMartines——depictedtheseMexicanartists’deepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.

Inthesameway,artcanreflectaculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Althoughmostpeoplecouldn’tread,theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesareunholy.

1.Morecanbelearnedaboutaculturefromastudyofarthistorythangeneralhistorybecausearthistory（

）.

2.Artissubjectiveinthat

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thepassageismainlydiscussing

（

）.

5.Itmaybeconcludedfromthispassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.showsusthereligionsandemotionsofapeopleinadditiontopoliticalvalues

B.providesuswithinformationaboutthedailyactivitiesofpeopleinthepast

C.givesusaninsightintotheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace

D.alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.apersonalandemotionalviewofhistoryispresentedthroughit

B.itcaneasilyrouseourangerorsadnessaboutsocialproblems

C.itwillfindareadyechoinourhearts

D.bothBandC

问题3选项

A.UnlikeFranciscoGoya,PabloandseveralMexicanartistsexpressedtheirpoliticalopinionsintheirpaintings

B.Historybooksoftenrevealthecompilers’politicalviews.

C.ReligiousartremainedinEuropeforcenturiestheonlytypeofartbecausemostpeopleregardedtheBibleastheHolyBook.

D.Alltheabovementionedarenottrue.

问题4选项

A.thedifferencebetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory

B.themakingofarthistory

C.whatcanwelearnfromart

D.theinfluenceofartistsonarthistory

问题5选项

A.Islamicartistshavehadtocreatearchitecturaldecorationswithimagesofflowersorgeometricforms

B.Historyteachersaremoreobjectivethangeneralhistory

C.Itismoredifficulttostudyarthistorythangeneralhistory.

D.PeopleandstoriesfromtheBiblewerepaintedonchurchesandotherbuildingsinordertopopularizetheBible.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。A:展示一个民族的宗教和情感以及政治价值观,由第一段“...artreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,but

alsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology(艺术反应人的政治价值观、宗教信仰、情感和心理状态)”可知A项正确。B:提供过去人们日常活动的信息,由第一段中“Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors...canbeprovidedbyart另外,…通过艺术我们能了解有关我们祖先日常活动的信息)”可知B项争取。C:让我们洞察一个时代和一个地方的本质,由第一段中“Inshort，artexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace(总之，艺术表达了一个吋代和一个地方的基本特质)”可知C项正确。故选D。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Artissubjective定位至第二段:Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions(另一方面，艺术是主观的，它反映了个人的情绪和观点)。随后举例说明艺术家在自己的作品中表达对政府、社会等的观点,因此A项“因为通过艺术，可以表达个人对历史的观点和情绪”正确。

3.细节事实题。A:与弗朗西斯科•戈亚不同，帕布罗和几位墨西哥艺术家在他们的画作中表达了他们的政治观点。由第二段中“ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly“political”artist(伟大的西班牙画家FranciscoGoya或许是第一个真正的‘政治性’艺术家)”可知A项与原文所述不符。B:历史书籍经常显示编辑者的政治观点,由第二段“Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed(在历史书籍中，有关一个国家政治生活的客观信息被提出，即关于政治的事实被给给出，但相关的意见却没有表达出)”可知B项与原文所述不符。C:宗教艺术几百年来一直是欧洲唯一的艺术类型，因为大多数人把圣经视为圣书,文中并未提及。D:以上选项都不正确。所以本题选D。

4.主旨大意题。文中开篇引出了主题:相比在一般的历史课上可能学到的，研究艺术历史是更多了解文化的一种好方法。随后围绕历史,艺术历史进行讨论。因此A“一般的历史和艺术历史的区别”比较能概括文章大意。

5.判断推理题。A:伊斯兰教艺术家一直不得不用花的图像或几何形式来创造建筑装饰,由最后一段“Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstaturesareunholy(相比之下，中东地区艺术的主要特点之一是（仍然是）没有人或动物的图像。这反应了伊斯兰教认为雕像不是神圣的)”可知A正确。B:历史教师相比一般的历史更具客观性,由第二段中“Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed(在历史书籍中，有关一个国家政治生活的客观信息被提出，即关于政治的事实被给出，但相关的意见却没有表达出)”可知B项“历史教师相比一般的历史更具客观性”不正确。C:相比一般的历史，研究艺术历史更难,D:为了普及圣经，人们把圣经中的人物和故事画在教堂和其他建筑物上。这两项文章并未提及。故选A。

15.单选题

Thegovernorwilladoptnewmeasuresto（

）thelivingstandardsoftheordinarycitizens.

问题1选项

A.speedup

B.lift

C.hoist

D.elevate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:州长将会采取新措施提升普通市民的生活水平。

考查动词辨析。speedup加速;lift举起，提升（指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置）;hoist(用绳索,起重机等)吊起,提升,拉高;elevate提升，举起，振奋情绪等。空格处动词的宾语为thelivingstandards(生活水平),故D符合句意。

16.单选题

The（

）ofthelakeiscoveredwithreedsandrushes.

问题1选项

A.beach

B.shore

C.coast

D.bank

【答案】B

【解析】句意:湖岸上覆盖着芦苇与杂草。

考查近义词辨析。Beach海岸(主要指接近海水较为平坦的地方，其上往往覆盖有沙子或碎石);shore水与陆地交界的“岸”（如：海岸、湖岸、河岸等）;coast海岸,海岸线（通常只能指“海岸”，不指湖岸或河岸）;bank大多指江河之岸,特别是高处水平以上的岸或堤岸。根据题干中的reedsandrushes(芦苇和杂草)可知B项正确。

17.单选题

（

）atconveyingherunderlyingmessagesthroughtheskilleduseofwordsthatherlecturewasgreetedbystudentswithdeafeningapplause.

问题1选项

A.Sosuccessfulthespeakerwas

B.Sosuccessfulwasthespeaker

C.Thespeakersosuccessful

D.Becausethespeakerwassosuccessful

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这位演讲者通过巧妙的语言如此成功地表达了她的潜在信息，以致她的演讲得到学生们震耳欲聋的掌声。

语法题。考查部分倒装。在so...that…句型中,如果so+形容词提前,句子需要部分倒装,故选B。

18.单选题

Heseemedtoooldforher,（

）likeafather（

）ahusband.

问题1选项

A.more...than

B.notso...as

C.most...than

D.rather...than

【答案】A

【解析】句意:对她来说，他似乎有点太老了，相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。

考查固定搭配。由前半句句意“他似乎有点太老了”推测后面句意为:相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。more...than...相比…，更是…。故选A。

19.单选题

I’lllendyoumycassetterecorder（

）I’vedonewithit.

问题1选项

A.everytime

B.themoment

C.until

D.lest

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我一用完盒式录音机就借给你。

考查短语辨析。everytime每次，每当，不能充当连词;themoment立刻，马上，一……就；until直到……时，不能与瞬时性动词连用，题干中的lend为瞬时性动词,故排除C；lest唯恐，以免，担心,不符合句意。故选B。

20.单选题

Marybecame（

）homesickandcriticaloftheUnitedStates,soshefledfromherhomeinwestBloomfieldtoherhometowninAustria.

问题1选项

A.completely

B.sincerely

C.absolutely

D.increasingly

【答案】D

【解析】句意:玛丽越来越想家，对美国越来越不满，因此她离开了位于布卢姆菲尔德西部的家,逃往了奥地利的故乡。

考查副词辨析。Completely完全地,彻底地;sincerely真诚地,由衷地;absolutely绝对地,完全地;increasingly越来越多地。因此D符合句意。

21.单选题

Afterhiswife'sdeath,hewasonthevergeofa（

）.

问题1选项

A.breakdown

B.breakout

C.breakin

D.breakthrough

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他的妻子过世后，他陷入了崩溃的边缘。

考查形近词辨析。Breakdown崩溃,倒塌,损坏,故障;breakout逃脱,越狱;breakin打断,闯入,开始工作;breakthrough突破,突破性进展。由关键词hiswife’sdeath(他妻子的死亡)可知A符合句意。

22.单选题

Although（

）happenedinthatdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.

问题1选项

A.which

B.what

C.who

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管在那个发达国家发生的事情听起来像科幻小说，但是这些事情却可能在世界的其它地方发生。

语法题。考查主语从句的引导词。分析题干可知“happenedinthat

developedcountry”为although引导的让步状语从句中的主语从句,空格处应填主语从句引导词,并且在从句中充当主语成分。故选B。

23.单选题

Tomcomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages（

）fromthedictionary.

问题1选项

A.losing

B.lost

C.missing

D.missed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:汤姆向书商抱怨这本字典缺了几页。

语法题。考查后置定语。分析题干跟选项可知空格处为动词的现在分词形式作后置定语修饰severalpages,表示“丢失了的”。四个选项中,losing失败的,使受损失的;lost失去的,丧失的,迷路的。这两项一般不放在被修饰词后作定语。Missing丢失的,下落不明的。Missed感到思念的。因此C符合句意。

24.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

在所有的节日中，春节对于我们中国人来说是最重要的。

阴历年到来的前几天，我们便把房子打扫得干干净净并装饰一新。老人们说必须干干净净过春节，这样来年才会幸福，交好运。

除夕全家欢聚一堂共进晚餐，春节庆祝活动便以此作为开始。人们不论离家多远，都总是想方设法及时赶回家去分享这顿持续几个小时的丰盛晚餐。

【答案】Ofallthefestivals,theSpringFestivalisthemostimportantforourChinesepeople.

SeveraldaysbeforetheLunarNewYear,wehaveourhousesweptanddecorated.TheeldersaythatcleannessmustbethenecessityfortheSpringFestivalandwewillbehappyandhaveagoodluckinthecomingyearbykeepingcleanness.

OnNewYear'sEve,allfamilymembersmerrilygathertogethertohaveafamilyreuniondinner,fromwhichtheactivitiesofcelebratingtheSpringFestivalstart.Nomatterhowfarawayfromhometown,peoplealwaysmanagetogetbackhomeintimeforsharingthisbigdinnerwhichoftenlastsforseveralhours.

25.单选题

Ihavebeenlivinginadormroom,（

）facesnorth,forthreeyearsandhavesufferedalot.

问题1选项

A.thewindow

B.whichwindow

C.whosewindow

D.itswindow

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我在一个窗户朝北的宿舍里已住了三年，这让我受了很多苦。

语法题。考查定语从句。分析题干和选项可知,句子主干为Ihavebeenlivinginadormroomforthreeyearsandhavesufferedalot,而“facesnorth”为room的定语,window（窗户）和room(房间)是从属关系,所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。

26.单选题

Maggieranbacktothekitchen,eggs（

）carefullyinherhands.

问题1选项

A.tobeheld

B.wereheld

C.held

D.holding

【答案】C

【解析】句意:马吉跑回厨房，鸡蛋小心地握在手中。

语法题。考查独立主格。分析题干可知,句子前半句已完整,所以句子结构为主句加分句,或者主句加独立主格结构。空格处不可能为谓语动词。排除B。分句主语eggs“鸡蛋”应该是被放在手上。A选项tobeheld表示的是一种目的，或者是将来要发生的事情，不符题意。C选项逻辑主语与动词hold之间是被动关系，符合题意。

27.单选题

Atsometimeinyourlife,youmayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon'tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatisatopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It'snottaboototalkaboutfat;it'stabootobefat.The"in"lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimagesaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respectInanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis"in",fatis"out".

It'snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebeenobsessedwithstaying