2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号82

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Beforetheplane（

）,thepilotbailedout.

问题1选项

A.clashed

B.crashed

C.smashed

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项clash“冲突、撞击”；B选项crash“碰撞、坠毁”；C选项smash“粉碎、撞击”；D选项strike“罢工、撞击”，根据句中关键词“plane飞机”可联系crash“碰撞、坠毁”符合语境，句意为：飞机坠毁前，飞行员跳伞逃生。故正确答案选B。

2.翻译题

Currently,Chinaisinthemidstofachallengingtransition.Arapidlyagingpopulation,increasingdebt,anddecliningreturnsonfixedassetinvestmentplacenewburdensontheeconomy.Becauseofaging,thelaborforceisexpectedtopeakthisyearandbeginalongdeclinethatcouldreduceitssizeby16percentby2050.By2030,China’sdependencyratio—thepercentageofthepopulationthatisnotinthelaborforce(mostlytheelderlyandchildren)—willreach47percent.Thisisfarsooner,intermsofGDPpercapita,thanincountriessuchasJapanortheUnitedStates.

【答案】

目前，中国正处于一个具有挑战性的转型阶段。人口老龄化的迅速增长、不断增加的债务以及固定资产投资回报率的下降给经济带来了新的负担。由于人口老龄化，中国的劳动力总量预期今年达到最高峰，然后开始一个长期的减少，而到2050年中国的劳动力规模可能减少16%。到2030年，中国的抚养比率——即不属于劳动力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和儿童）将达到47%。而中国人均国内生产总值的减少会比日本或美国等国家出现得早很多。

3.单选题

Hitlerwasarmedtotheteethwhenhe（

）theSecondWorldWar.

问题1选项

A.implemented

B.launched

C.took

D.practiced

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项implement“实行，实施”；B选项launch“发动，发起”；C选项take“取，拿”；D选项practice“练习，实行”。由题干“第二次世界大战”可知“launch发动”符合题意，句意为：希特勒发动二战时全副武装。故答案选B。

4.单选题

IttookthemediaawhiletoacknowledgethatmostofKatrina’svictimswereblack.Apparently,itwilltakelongertomentionthatmostofthevictimswerewomenandchildren.Inoticedthreecommentatorswhobroughtupthedelicatesubjectofthemostlymissingmales—GeorgeWill,GaiyBauer,andThomasBray,acolumnistfortheDetroitNews.Willnotedthat76percentofbirthstoLouisiana’sAfrican—Americansaretounmarriedwomen,andprobablymorethan80percentareinNewOrleans,sincethatistheusualestimateinotherinnercities.Willwrote:“Thattranslatesintoalargeandconstantlyrenewedcohortoflightlyparentedadolescentmales,andthattranslatesintochaos,inneighborhoodsandschools,comerainorcomeshine.”

Agooddealofhardevidenceshowsthatthisisso.Twodecadesofresearchproducedaconsensusamongsocialscientistsofbothleftandrightthatfamilystructurehasaseriousimpactonchildren,evenwhencontrollingforincome,race,andothervariables.Inotherwords,wearenottalkingaboutaproblemofracebutaboutaproblemoffamilyformationor,rather,thelackofit.Thebestoutcomesforchildren―whetherinacademicperformance,avoidanceofcrimeanddrugs,orfinancialandeconomicsuccess—arealmostinvariablyproducedbymarriedbiologicalparents.Theworstresultsarebynever-marriedwomen.

Inapolicybriefreleasedlastweek,theWashington-basedInstituteforMarriageandPublicPolicy,lookedat23recentstudiesdealingwithfamilystructureandyouthcrime.In19ofthe20studiesthatfoundfamilystructuretohaveaneffect,childrenfromnonintactorsingle-parentfamilieshadahigherrateofcrimeordelinquency.Neighborhoodswithlotsofout-of-wedlockbirthshavelotsofcrime.Unfortunately,onestudysaidthatthemoresingle-parentfamiliestherewereinaneighborhood,themorecrimetherewasamongtwo-parentkidslivingaroundthem.Again,thesestudiesarecontrolledforrace.Adolescentsinsingle-parentfamilieswerealmosttwiceaslikelytohavepulledaknifeoragunonsomeoneinthepastyear.Thiswasaftercontrollingformanydemographicvariables,includingrace,gender,age,householdincome,andeducationallevelofparents.

Inalargesampleofstudentsin315classroomsin11cities,the“singlemostimportantvariable”inganginvolvementwasfoundtobefamilystructure.Inotherwords,thegreaterthenumberofparentsathome,thelowerthelevelofganginvolvement.AstudyofAmericanIndianfamiliesfoundthatlivinginatwo-parentfamilyreducedganginvolvementbymorethan50percent.

Anotherstudyconcludedthatout-of-wedlockchildbearinghadalargeeffectontherateofarrestsformurder,aneffectthat“seemstohavegottenstrongerovertime.”

“Adolescentsinmarried,two-biological-parentfamiliesgenerallyfarebetterthanchildreninanyofthefamilytypesexaminedhere.”onestudyreported.Theotherfamilytypesstudiedweresinglemother,cohabitingstepfather,andmarriedstepfatherfamilies.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Thebestresultsforchildrencomealmostcertainlyfrom（

）.

3.Thephrase“out-of-wedlockbirths”(Line4,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofchildren’sganginvolvement?

5.Whichisagoodfamilystructureforchildbearing?

问题1选项

A.GeorgeWillisworkingfortheDetroitNews.

B.LotsofblackwomenandchildrenwerekilledbyKatrina.

C.Unmarriedmalesoftenfeeleasilywiththeirchildren.

D.Lessthan20%birthstoNewOrleans’Americansaretomarriedwomen.

问题2选项

A.variousheavysocialpressures

B.theeconomystatusoftheirfamily

C.theircompletefamilyformation

D.theracewhichtheybelongto

问题3选项

A.homelesskids

B.two-parentkids

C.kidswithstep-father

D.kidswithnomarriedparents

问题4选项

A.Thereisonlyonethingthatinfluenceschildren’ganginvolvement.

B.ChildrenofAmericanIndianfamilieshaveahighlevelofganginvolvement.

C.Childrenoftwo-parentfamilieshavealowerlevelofganginvolvement.

D.Childrenoftwo-parentfamilieshavenoganginvolvement.

问题5选项

A.Atwo-biological-parentfamily.

B.Aout-of-wedlockfamily.

C.Asingle-motherfamily.

D.Amarriedstepfatherfamily.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“IttookthemediaawhiletoacknowledgethatmostofKatrina’svictimswereblack.Apparently,itwilltakelongertomentionthatmostofthevictimswerewomenandchildren.媒体花了一段时间才承认卡特里娜飓风的受害者大多是黑人。显然，要提到大多数受害者是妇女和儿童，还需要更长的时间。”由此可知B选项“很多黑人妇女和儿童被卡特里娜飓风杀死”正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段第二、三、四句，句意为：经过20年的研究，左右两派社会科学家达成了一个共识，即家庭结构对孩子有着严重的影响，即使在控制了收入、种族和其他变量的情况下也是如此。换句话说，我们讨论的不是种族问题，而是家庭形成的问题，或者说是家庭缺乏的问题。对孩子来说，最好的结果——无论是学业成绩、避免犯罪和吸毒，还是财务和经济上的成功——几乎都是由已婚的亲生父母带来的。由此可知家庭结构对一个儿童的影响力是非常大的，因此选项C符合题意。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“In19ofthe20studiesthatfoundfamilystructuretohaveaneffect,childrenfromnonintactorsingle-parentfamilieshadahigherrateofcrimeordelinquency.在20项研究中，有19项发现家庭结构对孩子有影响，来自不完整或单亲家庭的孩子犯罪率更高。”可以推断出D选项“有着未婚父母的小孩”正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段“Inotherwords,thegreaterthenumberofparentsathome,thelowerthelevelofganginvolvement.换句话说，在家的父母数量越多，孩子加入帮会的可能性就越低”的对应可推知C“双亲家庭的小孩参加帮会的可能性较低”正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Thebestoutcomesforchildren―whetherinacademicperformance,avoidanceofcrimeanddrugs,orfinancialandeconomicsuccess—arealmostinvariablyproducedbymarriedbiologicalparents.对孩子来说，最好的结果——无论是学业成绩、避免犯罪和吸毒，还是财务和经济上的成功——几乎都是由已婚的亲生父母带来的。”由此可知A选项“有两个亲生父母的家庭”正确。

5.单选题

Lookingatthephoto,itsuddenly（

）onhimthathehadmetthewantedmansomewhere.

问题1选项

A.dawned

B.occurred

C.happened

D.known

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项dawn“破晓；出现；被领悟”；B选项occur“发生，出现”；C选项happen“发生，碰巧”；D选项know“了解，熟悉”。dawnonsb“（事物）变得令人明白”；occurtosb“（主意或想法突然）浮现于脑中，被想起，被想到”，句意为：看着照片，他突然想到，他在哪个地方遇到过这个通缉犯。故正确答案选A。

6.单选题

Thegovernment（

）amasscampaigntowipeoutmalariainthisarea.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.participated

C.modified

D.comprised

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项initiate“发起，创始”；B选项participate“参与，参加”；C选项modify“修改，修饰”；D选项comprise“包含；由……组成”。根据关键词“government政府”和“campaign运动，大型活动”，“towipeoutmalaria”不定式短语表示目的“消灭疟疾”，可知这里填入的动词意思应该是“发动，发起”，句意为：政府在这一地区发动了一场消灭疟疾的运动。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Therehasbeennothingmoreastonishingintheprogressofwarwhichisreallytheapplicationofthemechanicsofforcetohumannature（

）

thepositionthatpublicopinionoccupies.

问题1选项

A.as

B.to

C.than

D.better

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。nothingmore...than...意思为“没有什么比……更加……”。分析句子结构，空格后面是名词“position位置”，而前面有nothingmore出现，再结合上下文意思，故推断选项C为最佳答案。句意为：战争实际上是武力作用于人性，在这个过程中，没有什么比公众舆论占据的地位更让人吃惊的了。

8.单选题

These99pearlsandjewelsareworthalotofmoney,（

）andcollectively.

问题1选项

A.individually

B.independently

C.irrespectively

D.separately

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项individually“单独的，单个的”；B选项independently“独立的，自立的”；C选项irrespectively“无关地，不考虑地”；D选项separately“分别地；分离地”。填入一个意义与collectively“全体地”相反的副词做状语，individually“单独的，单个的”最合适，句意为：这99颗珍珠和宝石，单个和加在一起，都值很多钱。故答案选A。

9.单选题

Thejudgedoesn’tknowwhetherthewitnessistellingthetruth,buthewill（

）it.

问题1选项

A.identify

B.enforce

C.distinguish

D.verify

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项identify“认出，鉴定”，多用于在众多物品中选出某一特定物品；B选项enforce“强迫，强化”；C选项distinguish“区别，辨别”；D选项verify“证实，查证，核实”。本句是but连接两个并列句子，根据前面的意思“法官不知道证人说的是否是真话”，推测后面空格部分填入的动词意思应该是“证实，证明”，

10.单选题

Theyare（

）investorswhoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarketsbeforemakinganinvestment.

问题1选项

A.implicit

B.conscious

C.cautious

D.indecisive

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项implicit“暗示的，含蓄的”；B选项conscious“有意识的，清醒的，故意的”；C选项cautious“谨慎的”；D选项indecisive“犹豫不决的”。空格部分是需要一个修饰investors的形容词。后面由who引导定语从句修饰investor，根据句意“whoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarkets…总要对当地和国际市场进行彻底调查”，判断可知空格部分单词意思应该为“谨慎的”，句意为：他们是谨慎的投资者，在做出每笔投资前，总要对当地和国际市场进行彻底调查。故正确答案选C。

11.翻译题

30多年来，外商直接投资的引入不仅带来了资金，更带来了先进的技术设备、管理和经营理念，有力地促进了中国经济制度、技术和管理创新。正因如此，我们在今年4月公开征求意见，对“自主创新”产品的认定标准进行了调整，上述结果说明，所有外国企业都得到了一视同仁的对待，他们的产品被视为“中国制造”，和中国企业的产品适用同样的原产地规则。自从加入世界贸易组织以来，中国不断降低外资准入门槛。1997年以来，我们4次修订《外商投资产业指导目录》。

(参考词汇：self-dependentinnovative:consultation;rulesoforigin;entrythreshold)

【答案】

Overthelastthreedecades,foreigndirectinvestmenthasbroughtcapital,advancedtechnologiesandbusinessknow-howtoChina.WeunderstandthatFDIfostersinnovation.Thatiswhy,inApril,weheldapublicconsultationtoreviewthecriteriaweusetoaccredit“self-dependentinnovativeproducts”.Theresultsemphasizedthatallforeignenterprisesaregivenequaltreatmentandthatalltheirproductsareconsideredtobe“madeinChina”,whilethesamerulesoforiginareappliedtothemastoChineseproducts.SincejoiningtheWorldTradeOrganization,Chinahascontinuallyloweredtheentrythresholdforforeigninvestment.Since1997,wehaverevisedtheCatalogueofIndustriesforForeignInvestmentGuidancefourtimes.

12.翻译题

世界都在关注北京奥运会后中国政治经济走向。我们可以明确地说，中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放不动摇，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。这符合中国人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，顺应世界潮流。这次北京奥运会是在中国这样一个最大的发展中国家举行的。国际社会对中国政府和人民为此做出的努力给予了高度评价。奥运会的成功举办，使中国人民受到了极大的鼓舞，增强了实现现代化的信心和力量。

(参考词汇：remaincommitted;fundamentalinterests;inspire;confidence)

【答案】

NowthewholeworldwantstoknowinwhatdirectionChinaisheading,bothpoliticallyandeconomically,aftertheBeijingOlympicGames.LetmetellyouinunequivocaltermsthatChinawillremaincommittedtothepathofpeacefuldevelopment,unswervinglypursuereformandopening-up,andcontinuetoadheretoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.ThisisinthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthepeopleofallothercountries.Itisalsoinkeepingwiththetrendoftheworld.ThejustconcludedOlympicGameswasheldinChina,thelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.TheinternationalcommunityhashighlycommendedtheeffortsmadebytheChineseGovernmentandpeoplefortheGames.ThesuccessoftheOlympicGameshasgreatlyencouragedtheChinesepeopleandboostedtheirconfidenceandstrengthinrealizingmodernization.

13.单选题

Theaudiencewaitedin（

）silencewhiletheiragedspeakersearchedamonghisnoteforthefigureshecouldnotremember.

问题1选项

A.respective

B.respect

C.respectful

D.respectable

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respective意为“分别的”；B选项respect意为“尊敬，敬重”动词；C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；D选项respectable“可敬的”。根据空格前后判断，根据“agedspeaker年老的演讲者”，可知C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”符合语境，句意为：当上了年纪的演讲者搜寻笔记寻找他不记得的数字的时候，观众们都充满敬意地默默等待。因此选项C正确。

14.单选题

heflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement,（

）.

问题1选项

A.whichencouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

B.whichencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

C.encouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

D.thatencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本句考查非限制性定语从句。主句是Theflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement，后面which作为关系代词指代thefeministmovement，在从句中作为主语，意思是“女权运动鼓励女性去提高她们在就业市场的技能”，故正确答案选B。

15.单选题

Theofficialclaimedthatthegovernmenthadonlychangedthelawinorderto（

）America.

问题1选项

A.applaud

B.apprehend

C.appeal

D.appease

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项applaud“赞同，称赞”；B选项apprehend“理解”；C选项appeal“将……上诉”；D选项appease“安抚，对……做出让步”。由“thegovernmenthadonlychangedthelaw政府改变法律”，后面是inorderto表示目的的介词短语，可知空格部分意思为“安抚，平息”，句意为：有官员称政府改变法律仅仅是为了对美国做出让步。选项D与之意思接近。

16.翻译题

假如预期实际油价的上涨幅度将超过替代资产的回报率，生产者会把石油留在地下不开采。因此决定当前价格的，是预期的未来价格。最重要的推动因素是新兴国家（尤其是中国）需求的预期增长情况，以及对替代能源供应的担忧。中国经济的迅速增长及其资源高度密集型的增长方式，是最重要的因素。

【答案】

Producerswillleaveoilinthegroundiftheriseinrealoilpricesisexpectedtobefasterthanthereturnonthealternativeassets.Whatdeterminesthecurrentpricethenistheexpectedfutureprice.Themostimportantstimulationshavebeentheprospectivegrowthinthedemandofemergingcountries,particularlyChina,andgloomaboutalternativesourcesofsupply.China’srapidandhighlyresource-intensivegrowthisthemostimportantfactor.

17.单选题

Specialsoftwarehasbeenusedtoenablepassengerstocallataxiatalowprice,payment（

）bydirectdebitoftheircreditcards.

问题1选项

A.making

B.ismade

C.beingmade

D.tobemade

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。根据句子结构，paymentbydirectdebitoftheircreditcards是独立主格表伴随，由于payment和后面动词make是被动关系，故现在分词被动式beingmade最合适，句意为：专业的软件被用来让乘客能低价叫出租车，费用直接从他们的信用卡中扣除。答案选C。

18.单选题

Onlybypublishingatleastfivearticlesontopjournals（

）havethechancetobepromotedtoprofessors.

问题1选项

A.teacherscan

B.canteachers

C.ateachercan

D.canateacher

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是部分倒装结构。句子开头是only引导的状语结构，用来修饰整个句子时，空格部分主句的谓语动词应该使用部分倒装结构。故需要将情态动词和助动词提前。句意为：只有顶级期刊上发表至少五篇论文，老师们才有机会晋升为教授。因此选项B正确。

19.单选题

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery

（

）.

问题1选项

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的，不清楚的”；B选项indefinite“无限的，不确定的”；C选项dubious“可疑的，暧昧的”；D选项intriguing“用诡计取得，激起……的兴趣”。根据空格前面句子的主语“itssubjects它的主题”可知空格部分单词意思可能为“不清晰”，句意为：很少有人理解这位教授的演讲，因为演讲主题非常不清晰。故正确答案选A。

20.单选题

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

问题1选项

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

问题3选项

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

问题4选项

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

问题5选项

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？广告商和广告公司怎么能在经过数月的研究之后，还能生产出冒犯消费者的广告呢？”可推知一些广告仍然没有对消费者的感受表示出任何理解的迹象，故答案选D。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首当其冲地承受着这个行业明显的无能，无法将人们置于真实的当今环境中。”可推知作者认为当前的广告最普遍的错误就是没有把女性放在真实的处境中，呈现出不真实的女性形象，答案选A。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她说，困扰女性的并不是广告对家庭主妇角色的使用，而是在于处理它的方式。”由此可推断她建议广告应该改变方式，而不是内容，故答案选C。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知优秀的广告应该由广告商、广告机构和消费者共同完成，由此可推断广告业应该注重民意。答案选C。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消费者应该告诉广告商他们失败的地方；而改变的过程将会非常缓慢，直到作为接受方的消费者认真对待这件事，并让他们的感觉被广告商知道。”由此可知答案选B。

21.单选题

Theboywasso（

）inthegamethathedidn’tnoticehermotherstandingbehindhim.

问题1选项

A.attracted

B.suffocated

C.immersed

D.submerged

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attracted“被吸引的”；B选项suffocated“感到压制；感到束缚”；C选项immersed“专心于，沉浸在”；D选项submerged“浸没在水下的”。填入形容词做表语，由so...that...句型中that引导的结果状语从句的信息可知immersed(in)“专心于，沉浸在”符合题意，句意为：这个男孩专心看比赛，没有注意到她的母亲站在他身后。故答案选C。

22.单选题

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

问题1选项

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。四个选项都有“成分，某物的组成部分”之意。A选项element“元素，要素”；B选项component“配件、要素”，机械的原件或者是组装配件；C选项ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹调用的事物配料；D选项constituent“成份、选民”，指的是整体中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介词后面的关键词“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉与糖”，可知空格部分关键词为“原料”，句意为：制作蛋糕的两个重要的原料是面粉与糖。故正确答案选C。

23.单选题

Ourarmysucceededin（

）theadvancingenemy.

问题1选项

A.retrieving

B.revenging

C.resenting

D.repelling

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retrieve“检索，恢复”；B选项revenge“报复，替复仇”；C选项resent“怨恨，愤恨”；D选项repel“击退，抵制”。由关键词“ourarmy”和“theadvancingenemy前进的敌军”，可知空格部分意思可能为“击退，打退”，句意为：我军成功击退前进的敌军。选项D符合题意。

24.单选题

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate-asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.PeopleofFilipinoorigin

C.TheKaLahuigroup

D.Peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

问题2选项

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

C.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

D.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

问题3选项

A.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.

B.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

C.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

D.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

问题4选项

A.TheKaLahuigroup

B.TheHawaiiannatives

C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs

D.AmericanIndiannatives

问题5选项

A.greaterautonomywithinthestate

B.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

C.morebackrentonthecrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheUS

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.夏威夷本土少数民族要求更多处理本地事物的自主权。”和第二段“ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.1898年美国吞并夏威夷岛后，夏威夷岛的原住民情况比其他种族的情况变得更糟糕。”故由此推断这里的本土少数民族是指夏威夷岛原住民，正确答案选A。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.他们占该州无家可归者的60%以上，失业率更高，他们的寿命比夏威夷人的平均寿命短5年。他们是唯一没有一定程度自治权的美国主要土著群体。”选项A、B和C描述均过于绝对，故正确答案选D。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.但是，夏威夷第一任本土出生的州长约翰怀希，设立主权咨询委员会，极大地促进了夏威夷原住民的发展事业，以此建议夏威夷原住民自己决定是否建立一个主权独立的夏威夷国家。”由此可知选项B文章中没有提到，故正确答案选B。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.这一工作得到夏威夷事务办公室的支持，此机构1978年成立是为原住民服务，现在成了本土主权运动的温和派”，由此可知夏威夷事务办公室在自主权问题上态度温和而不激进。正确答案选C。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段末“MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.”1987年夏威夷原住民中的一个比较激进的种族宣布脱离美国管辖，成立独立王国。故正确答案应该为C。

25.翻译题

Analystshaverepeatedlypredictedthatthe“internetofthings”,whichaddssensorsandinternetcapabilitytoeverydayphysicalobjects,couldtransformthelivesofindividualsasdramaticallyasthespreadofthemobileinternet.Providershavefocusedonthehome,toutingproductssuchascoffeepotsthatturnonwhenthealarmclockrings,lightingandblindsthatadjusttothetimeofday,andfridgesthatsendanalertwhenthemilkrunsout.Butsofarconsumershavebeenlargelyresistanttomakingtheirhomes“smart”.That’snotforwantoftryingbytechfirms,whichhavepouredcashintotheireffortstoconnecteverydayobjectstotheInternet.

【答案】

分析人士曾多次预测，将传感器和互联网功能添加到日常物理物体上的“物联网”，可能会像移动互联网的普及一样，极大地改变个人生活。供应商主要关注家居领域，他们兜售各种家居产品。例如：当闹钟响起时就会自动启动的咖啡壶、可根据一天时间变化自动调节的智能灯具和百叶窗帘，以及当牛奶喝光时就会自动发送提醒的冰箱等等。然而，迄今为止，顾客大力抵制此类家庭智能化。这并不是因为科技公司没有全力以赴，为使家居产品具备联网功能，科技公司投入了大量财力。

26.单选题

Inselectingamaterial,theengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

问题1选项

A.where

B.towhich

C.inwhich

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。句意为：该工程师在选择材料时关注它的性能，其决定自身在负载和受限制的情况下将如何表现。根据关键词“theloadsandcondition”可知关系代词“where”不符合，再由subject一般构成“besubjectto受制于”的固定搭配知B项“towhich”正确。

27.单选题

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints―p