2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号76

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Hemadea______speechthatcausedagreatdealofargument.

问题1选项

A.successful

B.provocative

C.touching

D.hostile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项successful“成功的；一帆风顺的”；B选项provocative“刺激的；挑拨的；煽动的”；C选项touching“动人的，令人同情的”；D选项hostile“敌对的；敌方的；怀敌意的”。句意：他做了一个……演讲引起了一番争论。根causedagreatdealofargument（引起大量的争论）可推测B选项与其意思对应正确，因此选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersassurgicaltoolsinoperationsonpeoplewhoarepronetoheartattack.

问题1选项

A.areinfectiousto

B.areaccessibleto

C.aredisposedof

D.aresusceptibleto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组词义辨析。A选项areinfectiousto“有传染性”；B选项areaccessibleto“都可以访问”；C选项aredisposedof“正在处理”；D选项aresusceptibleto“易受”。句意：医生有兴趣使用激光作为手术工具，对那些容易心脏病发作的人进行手术。根据此处关键词heartattack（心脏病）可排除A选项，B选项及C选项不符合句意也可排除，D选项aresusceptibleto“易受”最符合题意，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Themembersofthebranchwereindignantthatgovernmenthadplantedtwospiesamongthem.

问题1选项

A.irate

B.indifferent

C.insensible

D.inspired

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项irate“生气的；发怒的”；B选项indifferent“冷淡的；不关心的；中等的”；C选项insensible“昏迷的；无知觉的；麻木不仁的”；D选项inspired“品质优秀的；能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的”。句意：支部的成员对政府在他们中间安插了两名间谍感到愤怒。结合此处关键短语plantedtwospiesamongthem“安插了两名间谍”，可推测支部的成员会对此十分气愤，得知A选项正确。

4.写作题

Wearepayingmoreattentiontothevulnerable(weak)groupsofpeopleinoursociety,suchasthedisabled,thesickelderly,thedivorcedmothers,andchildrenwithrural-workerparentsinbigcities,andetC.Whatisyourattitudetowardsthem?Pleasegiveyouropinion.Youmayfocusonaparticulargrouporthevulnerableasawholegroup.Writeapassageabout200words.Youmustshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youshouldhaveyourowntitle.

【答案】略

5.单选题

Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesofferedbytheseprojects______thewillofthepoortohelpthemselvesandenablethemtoleadself-sufficientlives.

问题1选项

A.prolong

B.enforce

C.reinforce

D.inform

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项prolong“延长；拖延”；B选项enforce“实施，执行；强迫，强制”；C选项reinforce“加强，加固；强化；补充”；D选项inform“通知；告诉；报告”。句意：这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务……了穷人自助的意愿，使他们能够过上自给自足的生活。根据Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesbytheseprojects（这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务）可推测这些项目对……来说是有利的，A选项不符合题意，可排除。B选项含贬义也可排除。D选项不符合题意，可排除。结合句意，C选项正确。

6.单选题

TheHauntedAmericaCountriesarelikelittlehomes;theyhouseanation,holdideologiesandprovidesshelterandcomforttoitspeopleinhopesthattheoccupantswillnurturebetterideasforthemselvesandfurtherflourishhumanity.Suchareprimarydesiresandgoalsofmostcountriesonthissmallplanet.

Americaisnoexception.Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.

ThebestandbrightestoftheworldgravitatedtothegreatUSAinsearchofgoldenopportunities;inhordestheycame,andenmassetheysettleD.Americabecamethenationwhichacknowledgedgreatnessandprovidedthedrivingforcetoallowthedreamsofsmall,ordinarypeopletotakeformandflourish.Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.

Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（质朴的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽灵）andunexplainablesignshaveemergeD.Thisplanet,likeanoldstreet,isalreadyfullofsuchhauntedhouses,whichattimesseemabandoned,lifelessandunabletogiveorreceiveneighborlywarmth;factorssocriticalforanycountryontheglobalscene.

CanthisbadlydamagedimageofAmericabefixedtodayandbywhomandatwhatcost?Whatmustitinclude—anewcostume,anewmaskoranewheart?Theseareveryimportantunderlyingquestions,butthebiggestquestionremains—cananentirecountrybebrandedtotherestoftheworldinthesamefashionasabreakfastcerealorlaundrydetergent?

Theanswerisaflatno.Onlythebranding-circuswouldcomeupwithsuchafake,superficial,logo-centric-slogan-happyattempttorebuildanationpaintedwithbannersandbillboards.Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.

1.Americausedtobethoughtofas___.

2.Americaisnowlikenedto___.

3.Thewritersuggeststhat___.

4.Accordingtothepassagethat___isNOTtrue.

5.Themainrhetoricaldeviceofthispassageis___.

问题1选项

A.aparadisewithoutautocraticruling

B.aplaceofperfecthappiness

C.alandofmarvelouschances

D.alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.anelegantandplainhouse

B.anolddead-endstreet

C.anoldhauntedmansion

D.anabandonedandlifelessplanet

问题3选项

A.costumeandhearthavethesamefunction

B.laundrydetergentsharesthefashionofthecountry'sbrand

C.historyestablishesabrandforitscountry

D.logoandsloganplayakeyroleinshapingacountry

问题4选项

A.acountryshoulddevelopbetterpolitically

B.depressedpeopleintheworldyearnedforAmerica

C.therearemanyhauntedhousesinAmerica

D.Americacannotbeidentifiedwithitstradition

问题5选项

A.simileandmetaphor

B.parallelism

C.echo-question

D.description

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.”中文翻译为：几十年来，世界上有数十亿人在可怕的环境中饿着肚子睡觉，经常梦想着美国的自由和自由，他们把美国比作一块伟大的土地，一个天堂和一个最终的目的地。以及第三段“Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.”中文翻译为：不受限制，允许以非凡的自由发表伟大的言论，在人类历史上没有任何其他国家能够在如此大的规模上匹敌。故判断出答案选D。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段“Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristinebutknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitionsandunexplainablesignshaveemerged.”中文翻译为：但目前看来，这个美国国家的家园似乎开始像那座古老的宅邸，优雅质朴，但众所周知是闹鬼，坐落在那条死胡同的街道尽头，那里出现了鬼魂、神秘的幽灵和无法解释的迹象。可知，A项正确，译为“一所雅致朴素的房子”。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第一段“Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.”中文翻译为：实际上，国家不可能在如此简单的过去过程中就打上烙印，因为国家的历史和文化互动以及可出口的特性已经在几十年甚至几百年的时间里打上烙印。可知，C项正确，译为“历史为国家树立了品牌”。

4.细节事实题。由C选项“美国有许多鬼屋”可以定位到原文倒数第三段中“Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（质朴的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽灵）andunexplainablesignshaveemerged.”中文翻译为：但目前看来，这个美国民族的家园似乎开始像那座古旧的豪宅，优雅质朴，但众所周知是闹鬼，坐落在那条死胡同的尽头，那里有鬼魂、神秘的幽灵和无法解释的迹象。可知此处是一个比喻，故C选项不正确，符合题意。

5.推理判断题。A.simileandmetaphor“明喻和暗喻”；B.parallelism“平行；类似，对应”；C.echo-question“反问”；D.description“说明”。本文主要用的是比喻，因此可以推测出A选项正确。

7.翻译题

中国园林是经过三千多年演化而形成的独具一格的园林景观，是中国建筑不可分割的一部分。从建园者身份来看，中国园林主要分为两类：皇家园林和私家园林。皇家园林是为皇室成员享乐而建造，大多数皇家园林在北方。私家园林主要由学者、商人和政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造，南方比较多见。典型的中国园林周围有围墙，院内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由弯曲的小路和走廊衔接的建筑，构成了一种人与自然和谐相处的微缩景观。

【答案】Chinesegardenisauniquelandscapeformedaftermorethanthreethousandyearsofevolution.ItisaninseparablepartofChinesearchitecture.Fromtheidentityofthegardeners,Chinesegardensaremainlydividedintotwocategories:imperialgardensandprivategardens.Theimperialgardenswerebuiltforthepleasureofthemembersoftheroyalfamily,mostoftheminthenorth.Privategardenswerebuiltmainlybyscholars,merchantsandgovernmentofficialstoescapefromthenoisyoutsideworld,especiallyintheSouth.TypicalChinesegardensaresurroundedbywalls,surroundedbyponds,rockery,trees,flowersandplants,aswellasvariousbuildingsconnectedbywindingpathsandcorridors,whichconstituteaminiaturelandscapeofharmonybetweenmanandnature.

8.单选题

Manyrenownedscientistsquestionedthevalidityoftheassumption.

问题1选项

A.credit

B.weakness

C.correctness

D.uncertainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项credit“信用，信誉”；B选项weakness“弱点；软弱；嗜好”；C选项correctness“正确性”；D选项uncertainty“犹豫；不确定的事物；不确定度”。句意：许多著名的科学家对这一假设的正确性提出了质疑。结合此处关键词questionedthe…oftheassumption（对假设提出质疑），结合句意，得知C选项正确。

9.单选题

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

问题1选项

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项conscious“意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B选项doubtful“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的”；C选项novelty“新奇；新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品”；D选项obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。句意：许多科学家对这个研究项目的价值仍持怀疑态度。结合此处关键词skeptical“怀疑的”，得知B选项正确。

10.单选题

Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.

问题1选项

A.operate

B.contribute

C.monitor

D.send

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项operate“操作；经营；引起；行动”；B选项contribute“贡献，出力；投稿；捐献”；C选项monitor“监控”；D选项send“发送，寄；派遣；使进入；发射”。句意：然后，她可以在电脑屏幕上操纵3d图像，绘制出最短、侵袭性最小的肿瘤手术路径。结合此处关键短语maptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpath“绘制出最短、侵袭性最小的肿瘤手术路径”，得知A选项最符合句意。

11.单选题

Foodsubsidiesarenecessaryforkeepingdownthepriceofdairyproductsandbread.

问题1选项

A.controls

B.aids

C.accumulations

D.transformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项controls“控制；控制装置”；B选项aids“艾滋病”；C选项accumulations“积聚，累积；堆积物”；D选项transformations“转变”。句意：食品补贴对于压低乳制品和面包的价格是必要的。结合此处关键短语keepingdowntheprice（压低价格），得知A选项正确。

12.单选题

Thereareactuallymanyconvincingreasonstousenaturalproducts,eventheregularhealthproductsarefilledwithchemicals.Allofthoseexcessivechemicalsdoalotharmtoyourbody.

问题1选项

A.persuasive

B.confident

C.obedient

D.concrete

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项persuasive“有说服力的；劝诱的，劝说的”；B选项confident“自信的；确信的”；C选项obedient“顺从的，服从的；孝顺的”；D选项concrete“混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的”。句意：事实上，使用天然产品有很多令人信服的理由，即使是普通的保健品也充满了化学物质。所有这些过量的化学物质都对你的身体有害。。结合此处关键词convincing“令人信服的；有说服力的”，得知A选项正确。

13.单选题

Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.

问题1选项

A.create

B.occur

C.emerge

D.deteriorate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项create“创造，创作；造成”；B选项occur“发生；出现；存在”；C选项emerge“浮现；摆脱；暴露”；D选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”。句意：可以证明，组织不仅看起来是均匀的，而且实际上是均匀的，因为如果组织被切成两半，每一半将调节以产生与整体相同的图案。结合此处关键词giveriseto“造成；引起；导致”，得知A为正确答案。

14.单选题

Thatcountryisdisturbedatthedevelopmentswhichseemunfavorabletoitsinterests.

问题1选项

A.adverse

B.adherent

C.controversial

D.disagreeable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项adverse“不利的；相反的”；B选项adherent“粘着的；遵守的”；C选项controversial“有争议的；有争论的”；D选项disagreeable“不愉快的；厌恶的；不为人喜的”。句意：那个国家对似乎不利于其利益的事态发展感到不安。A选项adverse（不利的）最符合题意，B，C，D选项都可排除。结合句意，A选项正确。

15.单选题

Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.A1998studybyHarvardMedicalSchoolgeriatricianThomasPerlsofferstworeasons:oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.Aman’spurposeissimplytocarrygenesthatensurelongevityandpassthemontohischildren.

Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast.Butwhatisitaboutaman'slifestylethatreduceshislongevity?Asactionmoviemakersknowalltoowell,menaresuperchargedwithtestosterone.AsidefromforcingustowatchfrenziedmovieslikeTheMatrixReloaded,thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.Meanwhile,thefemalehormonechopsharmfulcholesterolandraises“good”cholesterol.

AsPerls’sstudypointsout:“Betweenages15and24,menarefourtofivetimesmorelikelytodiethanwomen.Thistimeframecoincideswiththeonsetofpubertyandanincreaseinrecklessandviolentbehaviorinmales.Researchersrefertoitasa“testosteronestorm”.Mostdeathsinthismalegroupcomefrommotorvehicleaccidents,followedbyhomicide,suicide...anddrowning.”

Whileallthisjumpingfromtallbuildingsmayresultinsomeaccidentaldeath,itstilldoesn'taccountfortheonsetoffatalillnessesatanearlierage.Statistically,menarecrippledmorequicklybyillnesseslikeheartdisease,strokeandcancer.ASingaporestudyfoundthatwhilemenwerediagnosedwithchronicillnesstwoyearsearlierthanwomen,womenwerealsodisabledbytheirillnessesfouryearslater.Menmoreoftenengageinriskierhabitslikedrinkingalcoholandusingrecreationaldrugs,aswellaseatingtoexcess.Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit'strue.

Ifyourgoalistobecomethefirst100-year-oldmanonyourfamilytree,therearesomethingsyoucandotoboostyourodds.Oneistoexaminewhatcentenariansaredoingright.AccordingtotheongoingNewEnglandCentenarianStudy,thelargestcomprehensivestudyofcentenariansintheworld,theycanfendofforevenescapeage-associateddiseaseslikeheartattack,stroke,cancer,diabetesandAlzheimer's.Ninetypercentofthosestudiedwerefunctionallyindependentforthevastmajorityoftheirlivesupuntiltheageof92,and75%werejustasautonomousatanaverageageof95.“Centenariansdisprovetheperceptionthat‘theolderyouget,thesickeryouget.’Centenariansteachusthattheolderyouget,thehealthieryou’vebeen.”

1.Thispassagemainlydiscusses______.

2.AccordingtoThomasPerls,whichofthefollowingisamajorfactorcontributingtotherelativelongevityofwomenovermen?

3.Theauthormentions“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”to______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,testosteroneisahormonethat______.

5.Comparedwithwomen,menasawhole______.

问题1选项

A.whywomenleadahealthierlifethanmen

B.howwomencanlivelongerandstayhealthy

C.whatkeepsmenfromenjoyingalongerlifespan

D.whethermen'slifestyleleadstotheirearlydeath

问题2选项

A.Theirnaturalurgetoremainhealthy

B.Theirgreaternaturaldrivetopassongenes

C.Theirneedtobearhealthyoffspring

D.Theirdesiretohavemorechildren

问题3选项

A.supporttheargumentaboutwomen'sroleinrearingchildren

B.summarizeapossiblecauseofdifferentlifeexpectancies

C.challengethetheoryaboutourancestors'behaviorpatterns

D.illustratethehistoryofhumanevolutionprocess

问题4选项

A.increasesasmengrowolder

B.reducesriskfactorsinmalebehavior

C.leadstoaggressivebehaviorandheartdisease

D.accountsforwomen’sdislikeforviolentfilms

问题5选项

A.sufferfromdepressionmoreoften

B.sufferfromdiseaseslaterthanwomen

C.arereluctanttohavephysicalcheckups

D.arenotaffectedbyviolentmovies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句“Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.”中文翻译为：女人仍然比男人活得长，这是一个有据可查的事实。A选项“为什么女性比男性生活得更健康。”文章中虽提及，但并不是文章的主要内容。C选项“是什么让男人不能享受更长的寿命呢。”在文章的第二段有所体现，但这篇文章不能简单地概括为“男人不能享受更长的寿命。”D选项的意思跟C选项大体一致，也可排除。由此可知B选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键字“ThomasPerls”可以定位到原文第一段“oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.”中文翻译为：一个是遗传基因的进化动力；另一个是需要保持足够的健康来抚养尽可能多的孩子。因此可知B选项“她们天生就有传递基因的动力”符合题意。

3.作者意图题。由题干关键句“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”可定位到原文第二段“Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”，中文翻译为：好吧，这就是过去穴居人留下的遗产。根据后文转折，可以得知C选项“挑战关于我们祖先行为模式的理论”为正确答案。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“testosterone”可定位到原文第二段“thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.”，中文翻译为：测试产生的荷尔蒙还会引发更危险的行为和攻击性，增加有害胆固醇的水平，增加患心脏病或中风的风险。可知C选项“导致攻击性行为和心脏病”正确。

5.细节事实题。通过题干可以定位到第四段最后一句“Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit’true.”中文大意：还有关于男人不喜欢经常看医生的刻板印象?研究表明这是真的。由此可知C选项“与女性相比，男性总体上不愿意做身体检查”正确。

16.翻译题

将模糊性(fuzzy,adj)和定性评价合理地转化为定量评价，进而选择最优设计解，是产品设计的关键。论文运用模糊综合评判与比较的方法，以MicrosoftVisualBasic5.0为软件平台，建立了计算机辅助的设计方案择优系统。提供了对产品设计方案定量评价和择优、将结果存档、调用和打印等功能。

【答案】Itisaveryimportantprocedureofproductdesigntotransformrationallyfuzzyandqualitativeevaluationintoquantitativeevaluationforoptimumsolution.Thispaperintroducesacomputer-aidedselectionsystemforoptimumsolutiontoproducedesign.ThesystemisestablishedontheplatformofMicrosoftVisualBasic5.0withthemethodoffuzzycomprehensivejudgmentsandcomparison.Ithasthefunctionsofquantitativeevaluation,selectionoftheoptimumdesignsolution,filling,consultingandprintingoftheoptimizedresults.

17.单选题

Tony'smotherlovesPekingoperaandwheneverthereisanewplay,sheasksTonytobuyticketsforher.

问题1选项

A.adorns

B.adapts

C.adopts

D.adores

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项adorns“装饰；使生色”；B选项adapts“适合的；使适应，改编”；C选项adopts“收养”；D选项adores“崇拜；喜爱；极喜欢”。句意：托尼的妈妈喜欢京剧，每当有新戏上演，她就让托尼给她买票。结合句意，A，B，C选项都可排除，得知D选项正确。

18.单选题

ItisMr.YorkwhobangsthedruminJohnKirkpatrick'sapparentlyauthentic,andcertainlysuitablebandmusic.

问题1选项

A.genuine

B.reliable

C.honest

D.automatic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项genuine“真实的，真正的；诚恳的”；B选项reliable“可靠的；可信赖的”；C选项honest“诚实的，实在的；可靠的；坦率的”；D选项automatic“自动的；无意识的；必然的”。句意：约克先生在约翰•柯克帕特里克(JohnKirkpatrick)的音乐中敲起了鼓，这显然是真实的，当然也是合适的乐队音乐。结合此处关键词authentic“真正的，真实的；可信的”，得知A为正确答案。

19.翻译题

ChinaDreamistheguidingideologyputforwardbyPresidentXiJinping.HebelievesthatitisthegreatestdreamoftheChinesenationinmoderntimes,andstatesthatthedreamcandefinitelyberealizeD.ThecoreobjectiveofChinaDreamistoachievethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Tobemorespecific,thatistorealizenationalprosperityandrejuvenation,aswellasthewell-beingofpeople.Anditsfundamentalrequirementistobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Onlywhenthecountryisdevelopedcomprehensivelyandscientifically,canindividualsrealizetheirdreams.Similarly,onlywheneveryoneisfullofpassion,canChinaDreambebeautiful.

【答案】中国梦，是习近平主席提出的指导思想。他认为，这是近代以来中华民族最伟大的梦想，这个梦想一定能够实现。中国梦的核心目标是实现中华民族伟大复兴。具体来说，就是要实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建设小康社会。只有国家全面科学发展，个人才能实现自己的梦想。同样，只有每个人都充满激情，中国梦才会美丽。

20.单选题

Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworldnow.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationalandharmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelppeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-drivenera.

Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomesmoreandmoreobvious.“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage,”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.“Unfortunately,it'sasegmentthatseemsparticularlypopularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.”

Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontainedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid“Thesearenotjustgamesanymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We’reteachingkidsinthemostincrediblemannerwhatit'sliketopullthetrigger.Whattheyarenotlearningarethereal-lifeconsequences.”

Theyalsosaid“Thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebettergraphicsandallowtheplayerstoparticipateinevenmorerealisticviolentacts.”InthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwillhavedrivenoverandkilledupto33,000peoplebythetimealllevelsarecompleteD.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:“Yourvictimsnotonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield;theyalsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem.”

Isallthisstimulatedviolenceharmful?Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.

Somespecialistsdownplaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbetakenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibilitythatkidswhoalreadyhaveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethatviolentgamesstillplayacontributionrole?Itseemsunrealistictoinsistthatpeoplearenotinfluencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?

1.Accordingtoonestudy,mostcomputerandonlinegames______.

2.Whatdoestheword“dismember”inParagraph4mean?

3.Manystudieshavesuggestedthat______.

4.Theauthoruses“televisionadvertising”asanexampletoillustratethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforpassageis______.

问题1选项

A.allowtheplayerstotakepartinkillingacts

B.thatyoungpeoplelikeinvolveviolence

C.teachtheplayerstobeantisocial

D.maketheplayersforgettherealliferesults

问题2选项

A.Tocutsomebodyintopieces

B.Tokicksomebodyout

C.Todismisssomebody

D.Tostabaknifeintosomebody

问题3选项

A.moreandmoreyoungpeopleappreciatecruelcomputergames

B.therearenowfarmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames

C.violenceincomputergamesmakestheirplayermoreaggressive

D.simulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromreallife

问题4选项

A.otherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolenceinreallife

B.thereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasinglygrowingviolenceinreallife

C.computerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreasedviolenceinreality

D.thecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreality

问题5选项

A.TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames

B.AstudyontheInfluenceofComputerandOnlineGames

C.TheDarkSideofComputerandOnlineGames

D.ComputerandOnlineGames—AdvantagesandDisadvantages

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage.”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.中文翻译为：国家媒体与家庭研究所所长大卫•沃尔什说，部分游戏以暴力、性和粗俗语言为反社会主题。A选项“允许玩家参与杀戮行为”可排除。B选项“年轻人喜欢使用暴力”可排除。D选项“让玩家忘记现实生活的结果”可排除。C选项“教导玩家要反社会”最符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.词义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中最后一句“youcanalsodismemberthem.”中文翻译为：你也可以肢解它们。B选项“把某人赶出去”排除。C选项“解雇某人”不符合题意。D选项“用刀刺某人”也可排除。由此可知A选项“把某人切成碎片”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.”中文翻译为：大约有3000个不同的研究在这个问题上进行。许多人认为游戏中的暴力行为和玩家攻击性的增强之间存在联系A选项“越来越多的年轻人喜欢残酷的电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“现在有更多的暴力事件是由于电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑游戏中的暴力使玩家更具攻击性”符合题意。因此C选项正确。D选项“电脑游戏中的模拟暴力不同于现实生活”不符合题意，故排除。

4.作者意图题。根据题干关键词“televisionadvertising”定位到原文第六段“Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?”，中文翻译为：如果这是真的，为什么商业世界每年要花费数十亿美元在电视广告上。联系上下文，D选项“现实中，商业世界正在助长暴力的增加”最符合题意，因此选项D正确。A选项“其他因素也必须被认为是现实生活中暴力的可能原因”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“电脑游戏和现实生活中日益增长的暴力之间有着密切的联系”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏并不是现实中暴力增加的唯一原因”不符合题意，故排除。

5.判断推理题。A选项“TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames”暴力电脑游戏的发展，文章不仅仅讲暴力游戏的发展，故A选项排除。B选项“计算机和网络游戏的影响研究”，文章对于计算机并未提及，故B选项排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏的黑暗面”，在文章第一段也讲述了网络游戏的益处，故C选项排除。D选项“电脑和网络游戏的优点和缺点”最符合题意，故选D。

21.单选题

Ellenhascomeintoalotofmoneyrecentlythankstoherrelatives'___.

问题1选项

A.generosity

B.sincerity

C.certainty

D.flexibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项generosity“慷慨，大方；宽宏大量”；B选项sincerity“真实，诚挚”；C选项certainty“必然；确实；确实的事情”；D选项flexibility“灵活性；弹性；适应性”。句意：由于亲戚们的慷慨，埃伦最近得到了很多钱。因此A选项正确。

22.写作题

Nowadaysthewaymanypeopleinteractwitheachotherhaschangedbecauseoftechnology.Inwhatwayshastechnologyaffectedthewaypeoplecommunicatewitheachother?Hasthisbecomeapositiveornegativedevelopment?Youmustwritelogicallyandshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youmaymakeuseofanyrelevantexamplesfromyourknowledgeorexperience.Youshouldhaveyourowntitleandwriteatleast200words.

【答案】略。

23.单选题

AirattacksinAfghanistanarefocusedonairportsandtrainingcampstoavoidcivilian______.

问题1选项

A.involvement

B.rebellion

C.casualties

D.anguish

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项involvement“参与；牵连；包含；混乱；财政困难”；B选项rebellion“叛乱；反抗；谋反”；C选项casualties“伤亡；人员伤亡”；D选项anguish“痛苦；苦恼”。句意：阿富汗的空袭主要集中在机场和训练营，以避免平民的……。可推测为了不使平民受到伤亡，所以阿富汗的空袭主要集中在机场和训练营。结合此处语境，C选项正确。

24.单选题

Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce___politicalendscanneverbejustified.

问题1选项

A.insearchof

B.inpursuitof

C.inviewof

D.inlightof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项insearchof“寻找”；B选项inpursuitof“追求”；C选项inviewof“鉴于，由于”；D选项inlightof“根据”。句意：有许多人认为，为追求政治目的而使用武力永远是不正当的。根据句意可知B选项正确。

25.单选题

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasic______ofmatter,andthemiraclesoflife.

问题1选项

A.bacteria

B.constituents

C.erosion

D.contexts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bacteria“细菌”；B选项constituents“成分”；C选项erosion“侵蚀，腐蚀”；D选项contexts“环境，上下文”。句意：科学和技术的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的……和生命的奇迹。根据matter（物质）可推测与其搭配的是constituents。结合句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项contexts（环境）也不能与matter（物质）搭配，因此B选项为正确答案。

26.写作题

Inmanycountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeopleregardthisascompletelywrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkexperience,importantforlearningandtakingresponsibility.Whatareyouropinionsonthis?Writeapassageonthetopicinabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.

【答案】略。

27.单选题

Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.

问题1选项

A.spokesman

B.demagogue

C.representative

D.politician

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项spokesman“发言人；代言人”；B选项demagogue“煽动者；煽动家；煽动政治家”；C选项representative“代表；典型；众议员；销售代表”；D选项politician“政治家”。句意：他被指控为一名……，因为他的承诺在听众中激起了无用的希望。由arousedfutilehopesinhislisteners（在他的听众中激起了无用的希望）可知B选项与其意思对应正确，结合此处语境，B选项正确。

28.单选题

Asfewhouseholdappliancesarenowperfect,thisminordefectisnegligible.

问题1选项

A.detectable

B.trifling

C.inexcusable

D.magnificent

【答案】B

【解析】