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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Severalguestswerewaitinginthe()forthefrontdoortoopen.

问题1选项

A.porch

B.vent

C.inlet

D.entry

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项porch“(沿外墙建筑、常带顶的)门廊,走廊”;B选项vent“(气体、液体的)进出口,通风口,排放口”;C选项inlet“(河道、水湾)入口,进口”;D选项entry“进入,入口”。句意:有几位客人在入口处等着开门。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Judgingfromrecentsurveysandclinicalexperiments,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallya(n)(1)ofsleepinessinthenation.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightBulbacenturyago.Bythe1950sand1960s,thatsleepschedulehadbeen(2)dramatically,tobetween7and8hours.

Perhapsthemost(3)robberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleepmostexpendableitemontheagenda.Often,thoughoureffortstosqueezeevermoretasksintoourdaysandnights(4).Thepersonwhoinvestsinafullnight’ssleep,expertssay,willbemorethan(5)inheightenedproductivity,creativity,andfocus.Anotherthiefofsleepisshiftwork,inwhichpeopleworkregularlyintheevening,atnightoronrotatingschedules.Researcherssaythebrainhasdifficultyvaryingsleeptimes,whichmeansthattheseemployeesusuallysuffera(6)lossofsleep.Theavailabilityofround-the-clockentertainment,especiallyall-nighttelevision,alsotakesits(72).

Toassesstheconsequencesofsleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthrougha(8)ofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthemtoaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.Researchersfoundthatifthesubjectsweresleep-(9).Theirperformancesuffered,short-termmemorywasimpaired,aswereabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.Becausetheirreactiontimeandattentionspanareaffected,sleepypeoplemaybemorepronetomakingmistakes.

Sleeping(10)onweekendsdoesnothelpthebodyrecoup.Butinchroniccases,peoplemayneedweeksofcatchinguptoreversetheeffectsofsleeploss.

问题1选项

A.phenomenon

B.epidemic

C.tendency

D.symptom

问题2选项

A.whittled

B.reduced

C.imputed

D.subjugated

问题3选项

A.relentless

B.annoying

C.merciless

D.greedy

问题4选项

A.backtrack

B.backcross

C.backset

D.backfire

问题5选项

A.rejuvenated

B.recovered

C.refreshed

D.recompensed

问题6选项

A.net

B.total

C.great

D.sea

问题7选项

A.part

B.toll

C.role

D.effect

问题8选项

A.bundle

B.bevy

C.battery

D.batch

问题9选项

A.deprived

B.driven

C.ridden

D.laden

问题10选项

A.out

B.away

C.in

D.up

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:C

【解析】1.考查名词辨析。A选项phenomenon“现象;奇迹;杰出的人才”;B选项epidemic“传染病;流行病;风尚等的流行”;C选项tendency“倾向,趋势;癖好”;D选项symptom“症状;征兆”。句意:从最近的调查和临床实验来看,大多数睡眠行为方面的专家都发现嗜睡流行病遍布整个国家。因此B选项正确。

2.考查动词辨析。A选项whittle“削;削减;切;削弱”;B选项reduced“减少;降低;使处于;把……分解”;C选项imputed“归罪于,归咎于;嫁祸于”;D选项subjugated“征服;使服从;克制”。句意:到了20世纪50年代和60年代,人们的睡眠时间急剧减少到7到8小时。因此B选项正确。

3.考查形容词辨析。A选项relentless“无情的;残酷的(多用来形容外界及周围环境的残酷);不间断的”;B选项annoying“讨厌的;恼人的”;C选项merciless“残忍的(多用来形容人的内心是残酷无情的);无慈悲心的”;D选项greedy“贪婪的;贪吃的;渴望的”。句意:研究人员说,也许最无情的睡眠劫匪是一天的复杂性。因此C选项正确。

4.考查逻辑关系。A选项backtrack“v.原路返回;折回;折返;(屈于压力而)改变声明(或主张),出尔反尔;退缩”;B选项backcross“v.使(杂种)回交(或逆代杂交);n.回交;逆代杂交;回交子代”;C选项backset“n.涡流;逆流;倒退;挫折”;D选项backfire“v.产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果;逆火;回火”。由题可知空格处应填带有转折意味的词,意为“通常情况下,尽管我们日日夜夜都在为更多的任务而努力,结果却事与愿违”,因此D选项正确。

5.考查动词辨析。A选项rejuvenated“使年轻;使更新;使恢复精神;使复原;复原;变年轻”;B选项recovered“恢复;弥补;重新获得;恢复;胜诉;重新得球”;C选项refreshed“使恢复精力;使凉爽;重新斟满;提醒;提示;使想起”;D选项recompense“赔偿,补偿;酬谢,回报”。句意:如果你有充足的睡眠,那么在工作效率、创造力和精神集中程度方面会远超过你本该有的报酬。也就是说你的工作效率、创造力和精神集中程度会有很大的改观。因此D选项正确。

6.考查形容词辨析。A选项net“纯的;最后的;原价的;(重量)净的;(高尔夫球得分)净得的”;B选项total“全部的;完全的;整个的”;C选项great“伟大的,重大的;极好的,好的;主要的”;D选项sea“n.海;海洋;许多;大量”。句意:研究人员表示,大脑很难改变睡眠时间,这意味着这些员工通常会损失大量睡眠时间。因此C选项正确。

7.考查名词辨析。A选项part“部分;角色;零件;一些;片段”;B选项total“总数,合计”;C选项great“大师;大人物;伟人们”;D选项effect“影响;效果;作用”。句意:24小时的娱乐,尤其是通宵的电视节目,也起到了一定的作用。因此D选项正确。

8.考查短语辨析。A选项abundleof“一捆捆的;一束;一包”;B选项abevyof“一群;一组”;C选项abatteryof“一连串的;一系列的”;D选项abatchof“一批(用来形容数量,后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词,它的谓语动词都用单数)”。句意:为了评估睡眠不足的后果,研究人员对受试者进行了一系列的心理和表现测试,要求他们添加一列数字,或者回忆几分钟前读给他们听的一篇文章。因此C选项正确。

9.考查上下文语义。A选项deprived“贫困的,穷苦的,严重匮乏的;(人)丧失的,被剥夺的”;B选项driven“被动的,受到驱策的;有紧迫感的;(人)发愤图强的”;C选项ridden“充斥……的;受虐待的”;D选项laden“负载的;装满的;苦恼的”。前文提到了“sleep-deficit睡眠不足”,所以空格处应填与该词意思相对应的词,sleep-deprived“睡眠剥夺”符合题意,因此A选项正确。

10.考查短语辨析。A选项sleepout“外宿;在外过夜;露宿;外宿房”;B选项sleepaway“一直熟睡;用睡觉消磨(时光);用睡觉消除(头痛等)”;C选项sleepin“睡过头;睡懒觉;晚一点儿起床;迟起床”;D选项sleepup“五倍深度睡眠;深度睡眠;睡起来了”。句意:周末睡懒觉无助于身体的恢复。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

()theirterms,wewouldgobankrupt.

问题1选项

A.Ifweaccept

B.Ifweshouldaccept

C.Ifwehadaccepted

D.Ifwearetoaccept

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气常见的三种形式:与过去事实相反的假设,从句用“had+过去分词”,主句用“should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词”;与现在事实相反的假设,从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should+动词原形”;与将来事实相反的假设,从句的谓语动词用“should(wereto)+动词原形”,主句用“should+动词原形”。句意:假如我们接受他们的条件的话,我们就会破产。表示的是与将来事实相反的假设,因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.

问题1选项

A.trite

B.haggard

C.poundage

D.sighted

【答案】A

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项trite“陈腐的,平庸的,老一套的”;B选项haggard“憔悴的,野性的,(鹰)未驯服的”;C选项poundage“按每磅收取的手续费或税金,磅重总数”;D选项sighted“有视力的,不盲的”。句意:是的,这是一个陈词滥调,但政治是可能的艺术。Hackneyed“陈腐的,平庸的”,A选项与该词意思最相近,因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Whatwill()leadto?

问题1选项

A.thepolicyofthegovernment’s

B.thispolicyofthegovernment’s

C.thispolicyofagovernments

D.thepolicyofagovernments

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。双重属格的第一个名词不可以使用表示确定特指的the,但可以使用this。第二个名词词组则不可以用表示不确定特指的a,只能用the。句意:政府的这一政策将导致什么?因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Thisshouldbea()foryou,weallknowyouwillfinishitintime.

问题1选项

A.cakehole

B.cakewalk

C.catchall

D.catcall

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项cakehole“嘴巴”;B选项cakewalk“步态竞赛,一种步态舞,易如反掌之事”;C选项catchall“装杂物的容器,总受器,分沫器”;D选项catcall“嘘声,不满之声,喝倒彩”。句意:这对你来说应该是轻而易举的事,我们都知道你会按时完成的。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Newphilanthropistsalsotendtostaycloselyinvolvedinthefoundationstheysetupratherthanjustbankrollinganorganization.

问题1选项

A.subsidizing

B.formenting

C.cruciforming

D.ideating

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义动词辨析。A选项subsidizing“资助;给予奖助金;向……行贿”;B选项formenting不存在;C选项cruciform/cruciforming“(adj.)十字形的;十字架状的”;D选项ideating“形成概念;想象,设想”。句意:新的慈善家也倾向于密切参与他们建立的基金会,而不仅仅是资助一个组织。bankroll“提供资金;提供财务上的资助”,A选项与该词词意最相近,因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Thisissuehasbecomeapoliticalhot().

问题1选项

A.potato

B.cake

C.rod

D.bun

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项potato“土豆,马铃薯”;B选项cake“蛋糕,块状物;利益总额”;C选项rod“棒,惩罚,枝条,权力”;D选项bun“小圆面包”。hotpotato为俗语,意思是烫手的山芋,即棘手的事件。句意:这一事件升级为一个棘手的政治事件。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Suchasanguineconclusionmayseemoddatatimewhenfuriousargumentsarenodoubtragingbehindthescenes.

问题1选项

A.puissant

B.sapient

C.propitious

D.berserk

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项puissant“强大的,强盛的;有势力的,有权力的”;B选项sapient“聪明的;伶俐的;装聪明样的;有见识的”;C选项propitious“适合的;有利的;顺利的”;D选项berserk“狂怒的,失控的:(激动得)控制不住的”。句意:在激烈的争论毫无疑问正在幕后肆虐之际,这样一个乐观的结论可能显得有些奇怪。sanguine“乐观的;满怀希望的;面色红润的”,C选项与该词意思最相近,因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Heisadeadringer()hisfather.

问题1选项

A.to

B.for

C.with

D.after

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。Baadeadringerfor“容貌和……酷似,看上去一模一样的人”。句意:他的容貌与他爸爸酷似。因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Wetriedtosettletheproblemwiththemassoonaspossible,buttheyseemedto()sincerity.

问题1选项

A.lackof

B.belackof

C.lackin

D.belackingin

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。seem的用法为“主语+seem+(tobe)+表语”,表语多为名词或形容词,有时是其他的词或短语,以说明主语的特征或状态,所以排除A、C选项;lackof“没有;不够;缺乏;不足”,经常和for或becauseof连用;lack还可以用“现在分词”的形式组成一个惯用句型belackingin来表示“欠缺、特点等”,该句型中介词in不可省略。句意:我们试图尽快和他们解决这个问题,但他们似乎缺乏诚意。因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Acourtlaterreducedthecordonto200metersfromthe()fence.

问题1选项

A.perimeter

B.parameter

C.diameter

D.circumference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项perimeter“周长(可以指任何形状的周长);周界;视野计”;B选项parameter“参数;系数;参量”;C选项diameter“直径;径;通径;外径”;D选项circumference“圆周;周长(主要指圆或椭圆的周长);胸围”。句意:后来法庭决定将警戒线范围缩小至距离围栏200米处。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Manyofthesuccessfulmen,hadtheybeenabletochooseforthemselves,wouldhaveselectedsomequitedifferentprofessions()theyhavemadefortunes.

问题1选项

A.fromthatinwhich

B.fromwhich

C.inwhich

D.fromwhat

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词性从句。differentfrom“与……不同”,that代指professions,inwhich引导名词性从句,其中in是makefortunesinsth.短语中的in;makefortunesinsth“靠……致富”。句意:许多成功的人,如果他们能够自己选择的话,会选择一些与致使他们发财的工作截然不同的职业。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-day’sflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.

Chile,therefore,ishavingtofighthardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcoininghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.Butitissucceeding,notonlyinexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWestern.Europebutinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.

LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.

Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChile’stouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyearThestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworld-widecampaign,takingpartintradefairs,andinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.

Chile’sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararegenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.

ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour’sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialistvisitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion’srivers.

However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandthepoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.

AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile’stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUnitedStatesandEurope,whileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile’sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.

Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,includingGreenpeace,saythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-developed.ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsuffertheculturaldestructionwitnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.

ThepolicyofopeningupAntarcticatotourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanentsettlementsontheiceandmanypeopleseethedecisiontoallowtouriststhereasapoliticalmove,enhancingSantiago’sterritorialclaimoverpartofAntarctica.

TheChileanGovernmenthaspromisedtorespecttheenvironmentasitseekstobringtourismtotheseareas.Butthereareimmensecommercialpressurestoexploitthecountry’stourismpotential.TheGovernmentwillhavetomonitordevelopmentscloselyifitisgenuinelyconcernedincreatingabalanced,controlledindustryandifthepriceofanincreasinglylucrativetouristmarketisnotgoingtomeanthelossofmanyofChile’snaturalriches.

1.Chileisdisadvantagedinthepromotionofitstourismby().

2.ManyofChile’stouristsusedtocomefromEXCEPT().

3.Accordingtotheauthor,Chile’sgreatestattractionis().

4.Accordingtothepassage,inwhichareaimprovementisalreadyunderway?

5.TheobjectiontothedevelopmentofChile’stourismmightbeallEXCEPTthatit().

问题1选项

A.geographicallocation

B.guerrillawarfare

C.politicalinstability

D.streetcrime

问题2选项

A.U.S.A

B.theFarEast

C.WesternEurope

D.herneighbors

问题3选项

A.theunspoiltbeaches

B.thedryandhotdesert

C.thefamousmountainrange

D.thehighstandardofservices

问题4选项

A.Facilitiesintheskiresorts.

B.Domestictransportsystem.

C.AirservicestoAsia.

D.Roadnetworkinthesouth.

问题5选项

A.ispoliticallysensitive

B.isambitiousandunrealistic

C.willbringharmtoculture

D.willcausepollutioninthearea

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。由题干可定位到文章第一段“ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.(智利把自己标榜为一个旅游目的地所面临的最大问题就是它处于地球的尽头。)”,再根据下文说到智利不像墨西哥那样处于交通停留点,由此便可推断出智利所处的地理位置不好。A选项“地理位置”正确;B选项“游击战争”是秘鲁所面临的问题;C选项“政治不稳定”文章未提到;D选项“街头犯罪”是巴西所面临的问题,因此A选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题意可定位到文章第二段“Butitissucceeding,notonlyinexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWestern.Europebutinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.(但它成功了,不仅在美国和西方国家这样的现有市场。但在新的地区,尤其是远东。然而,国内市场并没有被遗忘。到智利旅游的游客中,仍有超过50%来自最近的邻国阿根廷,那里的生活成本要高得多。)”。A选项“美国”;B选项“远东”和C选项“西欧”文中都有提到,D选项“她的邻居们”看似是正确的,但文中只提到了她的阿根廷邻居,并且所占比例就超过了50%,并没有提到她的邻居们,因此D选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段第一句话“ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.(但王牌是安第斯山脉。)”,由此可知智利最有吸引力的地方还是安第斯山脉。A选项“未受破坏的海滩”;B选项“干热的沙漠”;C选项“著名的山脉”;D选项“高标准的服务”。因此C选项正确。

4.细节事实题。本题可用排除法。A选项“滑雪胜地的设施”和B选项“国内运输系统”,文章第七段提到“TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandthepoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.(滑雪胜地没有欧洲同行那么多的电梯,而南部糟糕的道路意味着只有最坚定的游客才能看到最好的国家公园。)”,由此可知滑雪胜地设施不完善,交通运输也不发达,故排除A、B选项;C选项“飞往亚洲的航空服务”,文章第八段提到“whileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.(而飞往亚洲的航线几乎不存在。)”,故排除C选项,因此D选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章9、10、11段,A选项“政治敏感”;B选项“雄心勃勃,不切实际”;C选项“会给文化带来危害”;D选项“将在该地区造成污染”。其中A、C、D选项都有提到,只有B选项没被提及,因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Theybelievedthatthiswasnotthe()oftheircampaignforequalitybutmerelythebeginning.

问题1选项

A.climax

B.pitch

C.summit

D.maximum

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项climax“高潮,顶点,层进法,极点”,多指戏剧等的高潮,也指事物发展中的极点,多含其后由盛而衰的意味;B选项pitch“运动场地,程度,音高,沥青,投球”;C选项summit“顶点,最高级会议,最高阶层”,书面用词,指山的最顶部分,也指通过努力可以达到的最高水平,还指最重要的、国家间的首脑最高级会谈;D选项maximum“极大,最大限度,最大量”。句意:他们认为这并不是他们争取平等运动的顶峰,而仅仅是一个开始。因此C选项正确。

16.翻译题

Bookendedby9/11atthestartandafinancialwipeoutattheend,thefirst10yearsofthiscenturywillverylikelygodownasthemostdispiritinganddisillusioningdecadeAmericanshavelivedthroughinthepost-WorldWarIIera.Whydidsomuchbadstuffhappeninthisdecade?Wasitjustrottenluckorsomethingmore?Inlargepart,wehaveourselvestoblame.

Itwasalmostasifwesaidinpreviousdecades,“Whydotodaywhatwecanputoffuntilthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury?”Butwedidn’trisetothosechallenges.Whatwejustlivedthrough,then,wasthechickenscoininghometoroost.

IfwearenowwatchingthesunsetonaDecadefromHell,doesitnaturallyfollowthatthenextdecadewillbeallgoodandglory?Ofcoursenot.Andyettherearesomehopefulsigns.Wehaveseenthedestructivenessofdeferralandneglectoninfrastructure,nationalandglobalpolitics,financialmarketsandcorporategovernance,theawarenessofthatdangerismuchhighernow.

Wemaycontinuetoseeourglobaldominanceerode.Butverysignificantly,westillholdmanyoftheworld’strumpcards.Ifweavoidtheeasyoutsofdeferralandneglect,thenthenextdecadeshouldbeahelluvalotbetterthanthelastone.

【答案】始于9/11恐怖袭击,止于金融大危机,本世纪的头10年很可能成为美国人在二战后经历的最令人沮丧、最令人幻灭的10年。为什么这十年发生了这么多坏事?是运气不好还是别的原因?在很大程度上,我们要怪自己。

这几乎就像我们在前几十年说过的:“为什么今天要做我们可以推迟到21世纪第一个十年的事情?”,但我们没有直面这些挑战。这不,回顾我们刚刚所经历的一切,就是自食其果。

现在,如果我们忽视这十年前从地狱里升起的太阳,那是否意味着未来十年的繁荣和荣耀会自然而然地紧随其后呢?答案是否定的,但是我们还是可以看到希望的曙光。我们已经尝尽持续不断的破坏带来的危害,以及忽略基础设施建设,忽视全国和全球政治、金融市场和政府间合作造成的恶果。而现今,这些不当举措带来的危害远高于过去。

我们可能会继续看到我们的全球主导地位被侵蚀。但非常重要的是,我们仍然握有许多世界王牌。如果我们能够避免不必要的错误,对重要的事件给予必要的关注,那么和过去的十年相比,未来十年间我们会有创世纪的发展。

17.单选题

Momflippedher()whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

问题1选项

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美国俚语,意为发怒,发火,失去控制,变得狂热,大发脾气。句意:妈妈发现我怀孕后大发雷霆。因此D选项正确。

18.单选题

ThepompandceremonywithwhichPresidentBarackObamawillhostIndia’sPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghataWhiteHouse-statedinneronTuesdaywon’talteraperceptioninIndiathatithaslostgroundtoChinainthenewAdministration’sAsiapolicy.ManyinNewDelhisawObama’sperformancelastweekinBeijingasacquiescenttowardanemboldenedBeijing,NewDelhi’slongtimeregionalrival.AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.

TheymayhavewincedathisblundersinIraqandelsewhere,butmanyIndianswelcomedPresidentBush’sembrace,whichstrengthenedtiesbetweentheworld’slargestdemocraciestoanunprecedenteddegreeafterdecadesofColdWarestrangement.SinghfacedoppositionathomefrompartiesskepticalofclosetieswiththeU.S.,butstakedhispoliticalreputationonthegrowingrelationship—hisgovernmentwasalmostdeposedbypartiesoftheleftprotestinganuclear—technologydealheconcludedwiththeBushAdministration.

“UnderBush,IndiawasbeingencouragedtobeanAsianpower,”saysBrahmaChellaney,professorofstrategicstudiesattheCentreforPolicyResearch,aNewDelhi-basedthinktank.ImplicitintheBushagendawastheideaofhelpingarisingIndiabecomeademocraticbulwarkagainstauthoritarianChina.“Now”saysChellaney,“Obamaseesthingsthroughadifferentprism.”

OneexampleofthechangehasbeentheObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative,aloosealliancebetweenWashingtonandthreeotherprominentdemocraciesintheregion—India,JapanandAustralia—thatstagedjointnavalexercisesin2008.Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.

IndiananalystsbelieveObama’sforeignpolicyteammostlythinksofIndiainthecontextofotherregionalchallenges,particularlythedeterioratingsituationinAfghanistanandPakistan.China,withitsboomingeconomyandpositionasAmerica’sprimarycreditor,nowcarriesfarmoreweightinU.S.calculations.“ThegroundrealityisIndiaatthemomentdoesnotcountfortheU.S.inthesamewaythatChinaandPakistando,”saysBahukutumbiRaman,aformertopIndianintelligenceofficialandheadoftheCentreforTopicalStudiesinChennai.

Partofthepriceforthatnewreality,manyinIndiabelieve,isadowngradingoftheirownconcerns.SinghwillbeintheU.S.ontheanniversaryoflastyear’sMumbaiterrorattacks,traditionaltiestoPakistan’smilitaryintelligenceorganization,theISI.ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.TheagendaforSingh’svisitincludestalksonboostingintelligenceandcounterterrorismefforts,butIndiaremainsunwillingtobroachKashmirwithPakistanuntilIslamabaddemonstratesacommitmenttocrackdownonjihadistgroupsinitsmidst.

MoretroublingfortheIndiansthantheObamaAdministration’sprioritizingofAfghanistanwasaparagraphinthejointstatementreleasedduringthePresidentsBeijingvisit:itwelcomedChineseinvolvementinSouthAsiaandspokeofBeijing’sabilityto“promotepeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinthatregion.”InNewDelhi,thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.Chellaneysawthestatementasa“returntoakindofColdWarthinkingwheretwogreatpowerscandictatetermstoalesserone.”China’slong-standingborderdisputeswithIndia,anditsbuildingupofthePakistanimilitary,makesmanyinNewDelhireluctanttowelcomeBeijingasabenignpresence.Indeed,somefearIndiaisbeingencircledbyChineselisteningpostsandbasesaroundtheIndianOcean.AndwhentensionsspikedlastmonthoverChinapressingitsclaimtoterritoryinsideIndia,theU.S.remainedsilent.India’sgovernmentinsiststhere’sroomenoughforbothIndiaandChinatopeacefullyemergeasworldpowers,andSinghhasmadenocomplaintsaboutthechangeinatmosphereinWashington.Hisvisit,heinsists,issimplyanopportunity“torenewthepartnership.”It’lllooktoformalizeelementsofthenucleardealpennedlastyear,whichgrantsIndiaaccesstoarangeoftechnologiesthatithadpreviouslybeenblockedfromacquiring.Measureswillalsobetakentoexpandtrade,promoteeducationallinksandboostcooperationonresearchintovaccines.Thetwosidesarealsoexpectedtosoundtherightnotesonclimatechangewithoutmakinganysubstantialcommitments.

Despitetheirconcernsaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherelationship,manyinIndiaareconfidentintheircountry’slong-termtieswiththeU.S.Morethan3-millionpeopleofIndianoriginnowliveintheU.S.,whileIndianscomprisethebiggestpoolofforeignstudentsinAmericanuniversities,andwealthyIndianprofessionalsarecreatinganincreasinglyeffectiveIndialobbyinWashington.“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow”saysRaman,“butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.”

1.HowdidtheIndiansperceiveObama’sAsianPolicy?

2.WhydoesObamachoosenottopursuethequadrilateralinitiative?

3.FortheIndiagovernment,whatwouldbethedownsideofObama’sAsianpolicy?

4.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentinterpretthejointstatementreleasedduringObama’svisitinBeijing?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.TheybelievedtheObamaAdministrationappreciatedthefactthatBeijingwasbecomingbolder.

B.TheybelievedIndialostitscentralplaceintheBushAdministrationandObamafurtherdiminisheditsrole.

C.TheythoughtObamawastryingtofurtherstraintherelationsbetweenChinaandIndia,thetwolongtimeregionalrivals.

D.TheywereworryingthatIndiawasslightedbytheObamaAdministration.

问题2选项

A.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesChinashouldbeincludedinthealliance.

B.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesthejointnavalexercisesin2008posedathreatandthusirritatedChina.

C.BecauseinObama’sAsianpolicy,BeijingoutweighsIndia.

D.BecausetheObamaAdministrationdoesnottakeIndiaasaregionalpowerbutratheranelementinthepursuitofregionalpeace.

问题3选项

A.IndiawilllosesupportfromtheU.S.inmanyissuesofitsmajorconcern.

B.Thelong-standingborderdisputesbetweenIndiaandChinawouldnotbesolvedinthenearfuture.

C.IndiawouldfacemoreproblemscrackingdownterrorismsupportedbyPakistan.

D.IndiawouldfeelpowerlessincontainingChina.

问题4选项

A.AColdWarwouldbreakoutbetweenIndiaandChina.

B.ChinawouldexertherinfluencetoSouthAsiancountries,includingIndia.

C.TheU.S.andChinawouldjointlycontainIndiawhichisanemergingpower.

D.PakistanwouldgetmoresupportfromChinaandtheU.S.

问题5选项

A.SomeIndiananalystsareoptimisticabouttheIndian-USrelations.

B.LiketheBushAdministration,theObamaAdministrationtakesbothChinaandIndiaasrisingpowers.

C.TheObamaAdministrationprioritizesAfghanistanandPakistaninitsAsianpolicy.

D.Singh’svisitisto,amongothers,expandtrade,boostintelligenceandcounterterrorismeffortsandnegotiatewiththeObamaAdministrationaboutthefutureroleofIndiainAmericanAsianpolicy.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句话“AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.(他们还认为,印度在奥巴马白宫的经济和地缘政治计算中的作用正在减弱,至少与它在布什政府的亚洲政策中所享有的中心地位相比是如此。)”,由此可推断出印度人担心被美国轻视。A选项“他们认为奥巴马政府意识到北京正在变得更加大胆”;B选项“他们认为印度在布什政府中失去了中心地位,奥巴马进一步削弱了它的作用”;C选项“他们认为奥巴马是在试图进一步加剧中国和印度这两个长期的地区竞争对手之间的关系”;D选项“他们担心印度被奥巴马政府轻视”。因此D选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“theObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative(奥巴马政府取消了所谓的四方倡议)”和“Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.(中国认为这一举措旨在建立一个安全集团来遏制中国,为了改善与北京的关系,奥巴马拒绝推行这一举措。)”,由此可推断出奥巴马放弃四方倡议是因为激怒了中国。A选项“因为奥巴马政府认为,中国应该加入该联盟”;B选项“因为奥巴马政府认为2008年的联合海军演习对中国构成了威胁,因此激怒了中国”;C选项“因为在奥巴马的亚洲政策中,北京比印度重要”;D选项“因为奥巴马政府不把印度当作一个地区大国,而是在追求地区和平的一个因素”。因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.(但是,尽管奥巴马和他的阿富汗特使理查德•霍尔布鲁克敦促印度在克什米尔争端问题上做出让步,以帮助华盛顿说服巴基斯坦将更多资源集中在打击塔利班上,在迫使巴基斯坦打击以其领土为基地以印度为目标的极端组织方面,几乎没有采取什么行动。)”,由此可推断出印度和巴基斯坦之间将面临更多问题。A选项“印度将在其主要关注的许多问题上失去美国的支持”;B选项“印度和中国之间长期存在的边界争端不会在近期得到解决”;C选项“印度打击巴基斯坦支持的恐怖主义将面临更多

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