2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号68

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Nobodyyetknowshowlongandhowseriouslytheshakinessinthefinancialsystemwill（）downtheeconomy.

问题1选项

A.put

B.settle

C.drag

D.knock

【答案】C

【解析】动词词组辨析。putdown放下；settledown安居，安定下来；dragdown向下拖，其比喻义为：使衰弱，拖垮；knockdown击倒，拆卸。句意：没人知道金融体系的动荡会拖垮经济多长时间、有多严重。根据howlongandhowseriously可知，选项C更符合语境。

2.单选题

TheGermangeneralstaffmadeanotherdangerousconcessiontowhattheyconsideredamilitarynecessity.Theplanwouldbe（）notwhencountriesformallydeclaredwarbutsimplywhentheyorderedmobilization.

问题1选项

A.triggered

B.triggering

C.trifling

D.trifled

【答案】A

【解析】trigger引起，发动；trifle浪费，嘲弄。根据句意：德国总参谋部对他们认为是军事需要的东西又作了危险的让步。该计划不会在国家正式宣战时启动，而只是在国家下令动员时启动。首先排除选项C和D，计划是被启动，所以选项A正确。

3.单选题

Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment,bothphysicallyandaesthetically,ismostapparentinourcities.Thedehumanizingeffectsoflifeintheslumsandghettoesparticularly,wherethereislittlehopeforimprovingconditions,haveoftenbeencitedascontributingcausesofurbanriotinganddisturbances.Crimeratesusuallyreachtheirpeakintheseneighborhoods.Suchsymptomsofgeneralpsychologicalmaladjustmentsuggestthatmoderncitiesprovidealessthanidealenvironmentforhumanbeings.

Thereseemstobeabundantevidencethattraditionalculturalpatternsbreakdownincities,andalsothatthehighnumbersofcontactswithindividuals,notpartofone’scircleofregularsocialacquaintancesmayleadtomentaldisturbancedefinedheremerelyasbehaviorgenerallyconsidered“disturbed”bythemajorityofthesociety.Itisimportanttonotethatantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”arefoundinallcultures,andthatindeedthesamedisordersrecognizedbyWesternpsychiatristsarefoundeveninprimitivepeoples.Therefore,wecanbereasonablycertainthatlackofanevolutionarily“natural”environmentisnotthesolecauseofsuchbehavior.Nevertheless,thatlackmaywellservetoaggravatetheproblemsofpeoplelivinginourmostcrowded,smoggy,andimpersonalmetropolises.

StanfordpsychologistPGZimbardohasconcludedthaturbanpressuresaretransformingAmericansintopotentialassassins.Hebasedhisconclusionsonexperimentalstudiesoftheconnectionbetweenanonymityandaggression,andonfieldstudiesofvandalism.Henotedanestimated230violenturbanoutbreaksintheperiod1964-1969,andreportedthatin1967vandalsinNewYorkCityalonewrecked360,000paytelephones,broke202,719schoolwindows,anddiddamagetoparksandtransitsystemscostingsome$850,000.Carswereabandonedonstreetsofalargecity(NewYork)andasmallone(PaloAlto,California),andsecretlywatchedtoseeiftherewasadifferenceinvandalismbetweenthetwolocalities.TheNewYorkcarwasvirtuallydemolishedwithinthreedaysby23separateattacksbylootersandvandals,nearlyallinviewofpassersbyandduringthedaytime.ThePaloAltocarwasnotmolestedformorethanaweek.Howmuch(ifany)ofsuchbehaviormightbereducedifdensitywereloweredisunknown,butatleasttheanecdotalevidenceseemstoindicatethathighdensityisafactorinsuchproblems.Crimeratesaresomefivetimesashighinurbanasinruralareas.Thoughsomeofthisdifferencemaybeduetodisparitiesinreporting,notallofitcanbeexplainedonthisbasis.RatesforviolentcrimeshavebeenshowntobepositivelycorrelatedwithactualpopulationdensitiesinAmericancities.Thisgeneralcorrelationheldforstatisticstakeninthreedifferentyears,1940,1950,and1960,inthesamecities.Therisesinassaultandrobberywithhigherdensitywereparticularlystriking,althoughmurderandrapebothalsoreflectedthetrend.Robberyistheonlyoneofthefourthatdoesnotmostcommonlyoccurbetweenacquaintances.Interestingly,crimeratesinthesuburbshavebeenrisinginthepastfewyears,especiallyamongteenagersfromrelativelyaffluentareas,althoughtheircrimesaremoreoftenactsagainstpropertythancrimesofviolence.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostoftencrimesarecommittedin（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”?

3.AccordingtoPGZimbardo’sresearch,（）.

4.Thewriterholdsthat（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaformofbreakdowninurbanareas?

问题1选项

A.thesuburbs

B.commercialareasofbigcities

C.theslumsandghettoes

D.theparksandtransitsystems

问题2选项

A.Theyareuniqueinmoderncities.

B.Theyaregraverinmetropolises.

C.Theyareneverfoundinprimitivepeoples.

D.Theyresultentirelyfromthelackofa“natural”environment.

问题3选项

A.thereexistsahigherrateofvandalisminamoredensely-populatedcity

B.whenpopulationdensitiesdecrease,crimeratesgoup

C.thereisnocorrelationbetweenthepopulationdensityandcrimerate

D.suburbanteenagersaremoreapttocommitviolentcrimesthansmallthefts

问题4选项

A.deteriorationoftheenvironmentinamoderncitywillmakeitunfitforpeopletolivein

B.lackofa“natural”environmentresultsinantisocialbehaviorand“mentalillness”

C.deteriorationofenvironmentinametropolisplaysacertainroleincausinghighcrimerates

D.vandalismandotherviolentoutbreakswillneverdisappearinmostcrowdedmetropolises

问题5选项

A.Vandalism.

B.Suicide.

C.Rioting.

D.Rape.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第二句“Thedehumanizingeffectsoflifeintheslumsandghettoesparticularly,...urbanriotinganddisturbances.”特别是在条件改善希望渺茫的贫民窟和贫民区，生活的非人道影响经常被认为是城市暴乱和骚乱的原因之一。选项C符合原文。

2.细节判断题。根据关键词“antisocialbehaviorand‘mentalillness’”定位到第二段。根据“Itisimportant...eveninprimitivepeoples.”反社会行为和“精神疾病”在所有文化中都存在，而且西方精神病学家所承认的同样的疾病甚至在原始人中也存在。由此可知选项A和C错误；根据第二段倒数第二句“...lackofanevolutionarily'natural'environmentisnotthesolecauseofsuchbehavior.”缺乏进化上的“自然”环境并不是这种行为的唯一原因。由此可知选项D错误；根据第二段最后一句“lackmaywellservetoaggravatetheproblemsofpeoplelivinginourmostcrowded,smoggy,andimpersonalmetropolises.”可知反社会行为和“精神疾病”在大都市可能会更严重，选项B正确。

3.细节判断题。根据关键词“PGZimbardo”定位到第三段。根据“RatesforviolentcrimeshavebeenshowntobepositivelycorrelatedwithactualpopulationdensitiesinAmericancities.”暴力犯罪率已被证明与美国城市的实际人口密度呈正相关。选项A符合原文。

4.细节判断题。原文第一段最后一句为作者的观点。“moderncitiesprovidealessthanidealenvironmentforhumanbeings.”现代城市为人类提供了一个不太理想的环境。也就是说大都市环境的恶化是造成犯罪率升高的一个重要原因，选项C符合原文。

5.细节判断题。根据原文可知，破坏他人财物、暴乱和强奸在文中均有提及，只有选项B（自杀）没有提及。

4.翻译题

一直以来，哈佛大学要求在校本科生除了自己的主修专业课程之外，还要修习一系列课程，以确保他们受到的本科教育涵盖了宽泛的研究课题和研究方法。哈佛大学新的通识教育项目(generaleducationprogram)大胆地致力于将学生在课堂上学到的知识与校园围墙外的生活，甚至毕业后的生活联系起来。通识教育课程的内容和其他的课程内容具有相连性，但教学方式并不一样。通识教育课程的目的不是将学生带入一门学科，而是将一门学科融入学生的生活。通识教育项目把艺术和科学与学生们面临的21世纪的世界以及毕业后的生活联系起来，让学生了解哈佛大学所有的研究课题和研究技巧。

通识教育课程由本科生主修专业课程之外的一系列课程组成，从而取代了过去30多年来一直实行的核心课程体系(coresystem)。目前，有很多的通识教育课是由经过较大修改的核心课程转化而来，其他诸如“生命的定义，从夸克(quark)到意识”这类课程就是全新的了。这些新课程将课堂学习和其更广泛的含义联系起来，不仅是跨学科的，还超越了课堂本身。其中有些课程还是由不同系别的教授联合授课的。

在新的课程体系中，学生必须在八大课程类别中各选择一门课程。这种新的体系鼓励教授们以校外教学、动手实验、客座演讲和其他新颖模式进行大胆创新，当然也同样鼓励学生去大胆创新。

【答案】Traditionally,theundergraduatesofHarvardUniversityarerequiredtostudytheirmajorsubjectsaswellasaseriesofothercoursesinordertoensuretheirundergraduateeducationcoversextensiveresearchthemesandmethods.ThegeneraleducationprogramatHarvardUniversitybravelyaimsatcombiningtheknowledgethestudentslearninclasseswiththelifeoutsidecampusoreventhelifeaftergraduation.Thecontentofthegeneraleducationprogramisofconnectionwithothersubjects,buttheteachingmethodisdifferent.Thetargetofgeneraleducationprogramisnottoimmerseastudentintocertainsubject,buttointroducethatsubjectintothelifeofthatstudent.Thegeneraleducationprogramlinksartandsciencetogetherwiththe21thcenturyfacingthestudentandthelifeafterthegraduation,makingstudentsfamiliarwithalltheresearchthemesandmethods.

Thegeneraleducationprogramconsistsofawiderangeofcoursesbesidesthemajorsubjectsfortheundergraduates,andsupercedesthecoresystemthathasbeenpracticedforthepastthreedecades.Atpresent,manycoursesunderthegeneraleducationprogramderivefrommajorcorecourses,andsomeothersubjectssuchasTheDefinitionofLife,FromQuarktoConsciousnessarecompletelynew.Thesecoursescombinetheclasslearningwithwideimplication,whicharenotonlyinter-discipline,butalsobeyondclasslearningitself,andsomeofwhicharetaughtbydifferentprofessorsfromdifferentdisciplines.

Underthenewcurriculumsystem,studentswillhavetochooseonecoursefromeachoftheeightcoursecategories.Thenewsystemencouragesprofessorstobeboldwithout-of-schoolteaching,hands-onexperiments,guestspeakersandotherinnovativemodels,aswellasstudents.

5.单选题

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

问题1选项

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词组辨析。inthelightof根据，按照；intheeventof如果……发生；inthefaceof面临，面对；inthecourseof在……过程中。句意：她总是根据自己的经验和原则来处理问题。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

Anycountryhasgoodreasontowantitscitizenstobeashealthyaspossible,sinceoneofitsgreatestresourcesisanactivepopulation.Nocountrywantsitspeopletosufferunnecessarilyfromillhealth.

Thiswasthekindofthinkingwhichledtotheintroductionofahealthserviceinmanycountries.InBritainthishasdevelopedintoa“WelfareState”inwhichallcitizens,richandpooralikecangetmosthealthtreatmentfree.Themoneyforthisispartiallyraisedbycontributionsfromemployersand

employees.

Asthreedecadeshaveshown,suchautomaticarrangementsarenotalwaysidealandthereareargumentsforandagainsttheHealthService.Thenumberofpatientstreatedeveryyearandthecostoftreatmentaremuchgreaterthanwasestimated.ThismeansthatthepeoplewhoworkfortheHealth

Service-doctors,nursesandotherhospitalstaff—havemuchmoreroutineworktodoandasaresulttheyhavelittletimeforpreventivemedicine.TheHealthServicedoesneedmorestaff—aneedthatcanonlybemetifmoremoneyismadeavailabletoit.

However,apowerfulargumentfortheHealthServiceisthatmanypeopleareabletoreceiveexpensivetreatmentwhichtheycouldneveraffordthemselves.Sometimesthisfreetreatmentisabusedandpeoplevisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.Becausetheyhavesomanypatients,

doctorscannotspendaslongwitheachoneastheywouldlike,andsomepeopleprefertopayforprivatetreatmentsothattheirdoctorscangivethemmoretime.Infact,somewealthypeoplefeelthattheyshouldpay,andsofreemoremoneyfortreatmenttoothers.

1.Intheauthor’sview,BritainisaWelfareStateinthat（）.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theauthormentionsthatsomewealthypeopleprefertopayforprivatetreatmentbecause（）.

5.Theword“abused”(Para.4)means（）.

问题1选项

A.allcitizensareentitledtoafreemedicaltreatmentinsomesense

B.poor,unliketherich,couldenjoyfreemedicaltreatment

C.healthserviceishighlydevelopedinBritain

D.Britaindoesn’tallowitspeopletosufferunnecessarilyfromillhealth

问题2选项

A.theHealthServiceisintroducedtomanyothercountriesbyBritain

B.theHealthServicehasbeenintroducedanddevelopedfor30yearsinBritain

C.anactivepopulationisthegreatestresourceinBritain

D.allcitizensinBritainhaveagoodopinionoftheHealthService

问题3选项

A.AWelfareState

B.ImportanceoftheHealthService

C.DisadvantagesoftheHealthService

D.TheHealthService

问题4选项

A.theirdoctorscangivethemmoretimeleavefromwork

B.thosedoctorshavebettermedicalinstruments

C.theymightsavesomemoneyforthepoor

D.theirdoctorshaveastrongersenseofresponsibilityforthepatients

问题5选项

A.destroyed

B.usedinwrongway

C.ignored

D.wasted

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“WelfareState”定位到第二段第二句“InBritainthishasdevelopedintoa'WelfareState'inwhichallcitizens,richandpooralikecangetmosthealthtreatmentfree.”所有公民，无论贫富，都可以免费获得大部分医疗服务。选项A符合原文。

2.细节推断题。选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；根据第三段的第一句“Asthreedecadeshaveshown,suchautomaticarrangementsarenotalwaysidealandthereareargumentsforandagainsttheHealthService.”threedecades意为30年；公众支持和反对卫生服务都有，并不都是好的评价；所以选项B符合原文，而选项D错误。

3.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲医疗服务的发展，其有利条件和不利条件，所以选项D更能概括全文，其他选项只是文中的片段。

4.细节推理题。根据关键词“wealthypeople”定位到最后一段的最后一句“Infact,somewealthypeoplefeelthattheyshouldpay,andsofreemoremoneyfortreatmenttoothers.”事实上，一些富人觉得他们应该付钱，这样就可以把多余的钱让给其他人治疗。选项C符合原文。

5.词汇推断题。根据第四段的第二句“Sometimesthisfreetreatmentisabusedandpeoplevisittheirdoctorswhentheydon’treallyneedto.”有时这种免费治疗被滥用，有些人在不需要的时候也去看医生。由此可知他们是用了错误的方法，选项B符合原文。

7.单选题

Itwasdifficulttobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit（）aswehadhoped.

问题1选项

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】cameoff举行，成功；wentoff爆炸，离去；broughtout出版，生产；madeout理解，辨认出。句意：在深谷里建发电站是困难的，但正如我们所希望的那样成功了。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Hewasunabletoendurethetortureoftheenemyandsurrendered.He（）hiscomrades.

问题1选项

A.revealed

B.suspended

C.exposed

D.betrayed

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。revealed揭示；suspended悬浮，暂停；exposed使暴露，揭露；betrayed出卖，背叛。句意：他无法忍受敌人的折磨而投降了。他背叛了他的同志。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious（1）tohowtheycanbest（2）suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand（3）,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.（4）theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe（5）thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare（6）byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe（7）toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,（8）,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,（9）studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide（10）opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful（11）dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe（12）ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult（13）visibleinthebackground.

Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave（14）attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized（15）participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto（16）elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants（17）.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.（18）theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby（19）forrolesthatarewithinthei（20）andtheirattentionspansandbyshavingclearlystatedrules.

问题1选项

A.thought

B.idea

C.opinion

D.advice

问题2选项

A.strengthen

B.accommodate

C.stimulate

D.enhance

问题3选项

A.care

B.nutrition

C.exercise

D.leisure

问题4选项

A.If

B.Although

C.Whereas

D.Because

问题5选项

A.assistance

B.guidance

C.confidence

D.tolerance

问题6选项

A.claimed

B.admired

C.ignored

D.surpassed

问题7选项

A.improper

B.risky

C.fair

D.wise

问题8选项

A.ineffect

B.asaresult

C.forexample

D.inasense

问题9选项

A.displaying

B.describing

C.creating

D.exchanging

问题10选项

A.durable

B.excessive

C.surplus

D.multiple

问题11选项

A.group

B.individual

C.personnel

D.corporation

问题12选项

A.consent

B.insurance

C.admission

D.security

问题13选项

A.particularly

B.barely

C.definitely

D.rarely

问题14选项

A.similar

B.long

C.different

D.short

问题15选项

A.ifonly

B.nowthat

C.sothat

D.evenif

问题16选项

A.everything

B.anything

C.nothing

D.something

问题17选项

A.off

B.down

C.out

D.alone

问题18选项

A.Onthecontrary

B.Ontheaverage

C.Onthewhole

D.Ontheotherhand

问题19选项

A.making

B.standing

C.planning

D.taking

问题20选项

A.capabilities

B.responsibilities

C.proficiency

D.efficiency

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:A

【解析】（1）giveseriousthoughtto为常用搭配，意为认真考虑。

（2）根据原文句意，教师应该关注的是如何能够使他们（青少年）很好地适应这些变化。选项B符合句意。

（3）and连接并列句，前后意思相近。所以选项C更符合原文。句意：成长中的身体需要运动和锻炼。

（4）根据句意，青少年正在适应新的身体状况，面临着心智和情感方面的诸多挑战，他们的自我意识很强。显然这之间不是条件或转折关系，而是一个因果关系。because表示原因，引导原因状语从句。

（5）根据原文，获得成功之后，我们常常得到的是信心，所以选项C正确。

（6）claimed索取，主张；admired羡慕，赞美；ignored忽视；surpassed超过。句意：青少年需要自信，自信来自成功，也来自知道他们的成绩受到别人的赞美。选项B符合句意。

（7）根据原文：然而，青少年的生活本身就已经充满了这么多的竞争，那么，安排胜者多败者少的活动将会是明智的，因为这能提高他们的自信心。所以选项D符合原文。

（8）根据下文可以推断是对胜者多败者少这个活动进行具体的例证，所以选项C正确。inasense在某种意义上，不符合原文。

（9）考查动宾搭配。展览学生的作品。选项A正确。

（10）durable耐用的，持久的；excessive过分的，过度的；surplus过剩的；multiple多种多样的。根据原文，各种各样的小型俱乐部可以提供多种多样的机会。选项D符合句意。

（11）根据前面的club可知，这里应该为团体活动。选项A符合原文。

（12）根据原文句意：交朋友对青少年非常重要，许多腼腆的学生都需要某种团体所提供的安全感。选项D符合原文。

（13）来自于背后的支持，那么就是几乎看不见的。用barely修饰，表示几乎不。选项B符合句意。

（14）根据下文的“participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywant.”使参与者能保持活跃的心态，由此推断，青少年的注意力很短。选项D符合原文。

（15）根据原文：应该组织各种各样的活动，以便让参与者能尽可能长时间地保持活跃。Sothat表目的，符合原文。

（16）anything用于疑问句和否定句中；somethingelse别的事情。根据原文：应该组织各种各样的活动，以便让参与者保持活跃，然后转而参与其他活动。选项D正确。

（17）letoff放下，宽恕；letsb.down为固定搭配，意为使沮丧；letout泄露；letalone听任，不打扰。句意：既不会让他们感到内疚，又不会让别的参与者失望。B选项符合原文。

（18）Onthecontrary相反；Ontheaverage平均来说，一般地；Onthewhole总的来说，大体上；Ontheotherhand另一方面。根据上下文：这并不意味着成年人不负责任，（

），他们可以帮助学生获得一种责任感。两句形成对比，选项A正确。

（19）根据原文：他们可以通过角色帮助学生获得一种责任感。makefor向……方向走；standfor代表，表示；planfor为……做计划，在这里指策划创造一些（合适的）角色；takefor误以为，把……看作……选项C符合原文。

（20）rolesthatarewithintheircapabilities指“他们力所能及的任务”。

10.单选题

Hebecome（）withthegirlreporterwhoquestionedhimatpressconference.

问题1选项

A.observed

B.obsessed

C.notified

D.troubled

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。becomeobsessedwith为固定搭配，意为痴迷于……。

11.单选题

Atthelastcommitteemeeting,themotionthattheclub（）openuntilmidnightwasdefeated.

问题1选项

A.remains

B.remain

C.remained

D.wouldremain

【答案】B

【解析】虚拟语气。motion表示提议、建议，后面要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，所以本题选B。

12.单选题

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,”wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago.“Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（肾上激素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight（逃离）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause“thecarmightbreakdown.”Growingupinsuchahome?Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.

问题1选项

A.fearofsomething

B.afiercebeast

C.physicalpain

D.publicridicule

问题2选项

A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

B.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

C.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream

D.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

问题3选项

A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

B.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

C.onecannotstandthedanger

D.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

问题4选项

A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

B.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

C.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

D.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

问题5选项

A.homeeducation

B.schooleducation

C.parents'lifestyle

D.earlyexperiences

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据上文提到的，恐惧对每个人来说几乎都是一个问题，每个人害怕的事物不一样，所以这里提到的我们这些特殊的生物是指对某种事物感到害怕。选项A正确，选项B,C,D都是指某一类人害怕的东西，不能以偏概全，所以错误。

2.根据第二段的内容可知，恐惧是一种有用的情感是因为它能帮助我们面对危险时快速做出反应并自我保护。选项D符合原文。其他选项都只涉及生理反应而忽略了心理反应，太片面。

3.根据第二段的最后一句“Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.”只有当恐惧与眼前的危险不成比例时，它才会成为一个问题。也就是说，当危险被认为比实际上更大时，恐惧就会成为一个问题。选项A正确。

4.根据第三段第一句“Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐惧的影响。以及第三段的最后一句“Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.”从出生开始，他或她更容易学习恐惧的反应，因为他或她遗传了一种更敏感的倾向。选项A符合原文。

5.根据第四段的第一句“psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”可知选项D正确。

13.单选题

Asaresultofthestrike,theGovernmentisurgingpeopletobe（）withelectricity.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.economical

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。economic经济学的；经济的；economical节俭的；经济的；economy经济的；廉价的；economics经济学。句意：政府敦促人们节约用电。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Television一thatmostpervasive(遍布的)andpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.

Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(vision:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.

Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachedthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.

Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyors(传播者)ofthenews,informationandentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghavenotonlyshapedtelevisionbutourperception(感觉)aswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.

1.Withwhichtopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.Theword“put”（2ndsentenceof2ndPara.）couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasafunctionofelectronicsintelevisiontransmissions?

4.Whatfieldoftelevisionisintendedforspecificgroups?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentelevisionanditsviewerscanbestbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Recentchangesinmodemtechnology.

B.Themarriageofbroadcastinggiants.

C.Theroleoftelevisionintoday’ssociety.

D.Thecontentofbroadcasttelevisionprograms.

问题2选项

A.expressed

B.asked

C.placed

D.inserted

问题3选项

A.Theconversionofimageintoelectronicsimpulses.

B.Thesendingofimpulsesthroughawirecable.

C.Thechangingofoneimageintoanotherimage.

D.Thefeedingofimpulsesintoareceiver.

问题4选项

A.Broad-based.

B.Reconstituted.

C.Traditional.

D.Non-broadcast.

问题5选项

A.Viewersdonottakeanactiveroleinwatchingtelevision.

B.Viewerswouldpreferincreasednewscoverage.

C.Viewersliketousetelevisiontoreachotherhumanbeings.

D.Viewersaregrowntiredoftelevision.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨题。文章第一段讲到电视将改变我们的生活和我们的世界，接下来讲述了电视在当今社会所扮演的角色。所以选项C最能概括全文。

2.语义题。根据前后文可知，verysimplyput可以理解为“简单地说”，这里的put意为“表达”，所以本题选A。

3.细节判断题。根据第二段的第二句“televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.”可知选项A和B正确；根据第二段的最后一句“Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.”可知选项D正确，而选项C错误。原文指转换成相同的图像，而不是把一种图像转换成另一种图像。所以本题选C。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后一句“thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroups”可知选项D正确。

5.细节推断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.”我们的娱乐来源于显像管，在这个静态的媒体面前扮演着被动的观看者的角色。选项A换了一种方式表达，也是符合原文的。

15.单选题

Thedefencelawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe（）ofthemurderc