pscad包-学习笔记如前所述SD部分主要目是为用户提供直接插入自己代码到EMTD

SystemDSDYNandDSOUTAsmentionedearlier,theprimarypurposeoftheSystemDynamicssectionistoprovidetheuserwiththeabilitytoinserthisorhercodedirectlyintotheEMTDCmainprogram. Atthesametime,theSystemDynamicssectionofferstheadditionaladvantageinthatelectricalelementsneednotbepresentinasimulation. Thatis,EMTDCcanberunwithoutthepresenceofanyelectricalcomponentsor就是说EMTDC可以在没有任何电力组件和网络的情况下运行。Forexample,alinearcontrolsystemcanbeyzedbyusingclassiccontroltheory. Ifnon-linearitiessuchaslimits,dead-bands,saturationfunctions,switches,etc.arepartofthecontroller,thentimeysisofsuchamodelcanbebuiltintotheSystemDynamics,providingapracticalsolutionmethodwithorwithoutelectriccircuits.SystemDynamic，SystemdynamicDSDYNandDSOUTTheSystemsDynamicssectionissplit-upintotwosub-sections, passing（包含）thenetworksolution(seeFigure2-1):ThesearetheDSDYNandDSOUTsubroutines. ThefactthatSystemsDynamicscanbeutilisedbothbeforeandaftertheelectricnetworkissolved,offersagreatadvantageinprogram Ifjudiciallyselected,theusercanavoidtimestepdelaysbetweencontrolandelectricalsystems,forinstance.SD部分可以分割成两个子模块，(实际上包含了网络求解)，它们DSDYNDSOUT子程序。在求解网络前后两次利用SD为程序的灵活性提供了很大的优势。AlthoughtherearenomajordifferencesbetweenDSDYNandDSOUT(i.e.theycanbecalledinterchangeably),therearespecificusesforeach.Ingeneral,mostcontroldynamicscodeshouldbeplacedin DSOUTisprimarilyusedtooutputtiesafterthenetworksolutioniscalculated. Thecombinationofthesetwosubroutinesallowstheusertodecidewhethercertaincontroldynamicsshouldbecalculatedusingpreorpostsolution尽管在DSDYNDSOUT之间没有重大的不同（i.e.它们可以交替的被调用），DSDYNDSOUTTimeDelaysandCodeInsomeinstances,itisimportanttoestablishtheproperuseofDSDYNandDSOUTtoavoidunnecessarytimestepdelaysinthecontrol在有些例子中，在控制动态中合适的使用DSDYNDSOUT避免不必要的时间步Metersusedforthemeasurementofvoltageandcurrentsforexample,areprimarilydefinedinDSOUT: Thisisthelogicalsubroutinetochoose,asDSOUTwillsupplythemeasuredtiesdirectlyfollowingthenetworksolution. However,measuredtiesareoftenusedasinputstocontrolsystems,wheretheindividualcontrolcomponentsaredefinedinDSDYN. Therefore,thecontrolsystemmaybebasingoutputsontiesdefinedintheprevioustimestep.序，如果选在DSOUT中，提供求解网络之后的工程量测量值。EXAMPLE2-Figure2-2-SimpleComparatorCircuitcreatedinConsiderthesimplecircuitinFigure2-2.Acomparatorisbeingusedtocomparearealconstantwithasignal'Ea',whichisameasuredvoltagefromavoltmeter. Thecomparatorisadjustedsoastogiveahighoutputwhen'Ea' esgreaterthan0.0,andalowoutput ThecomparatordynamicsaredefinedbydefaultinDSDYN,whereasthemeasuredvoltage'Ea'isdefinedinDSOUTasanoutputEa01，00.默认的比较器动态定义在DSDYN中，然Ea作为一个输出值定义在DSOUT中。Withtheaboveconfigure-tion,thecomparatoroutputsignalwillcontainasingletimestepdelay. ThisisduetothefactthatthecomparatordynamicsinDSDYNareusingameasuredvoltage'Ea',definedinDSOUTfromthepreviousstep(seeFigure2-1).ThistimestepdelaycanberemovedbysimplymovingthecomparatordynamicscodefromDSDYNtoDSOUT. Thiswillforcethecomparatortousethemeasuredvoltagefromthepresenttimestep,beforedeterminingitsoutput.这个时间步长延迟可以简单地通过移动比较器动态代码从DSDYNDSOUT来清AssemblyofSystemDynamicsCode(FortranSD部分代码的集成（FORTRAN文件inthetheDSDYNand/orDSOUTsegmentsofeachComponentDefinitionWhenaCaseProjectiscompiledinPSCAD,theSystemDynamicsisautomaticallyassembledintoformattedFortrancode. informationrequiredtoconstructtheFortraninthetheDSDYNand/orDSOUTsegmentsofeachComponentDefinition,whetherdefinedintheMasterLibraryorinauserdefinedlibrary.PSCAD编译一个工程时，SD部分被自动的集成到格式化的fortran代码中。构造FORTRAN代码的信息从工程中存在的组件对应的DSDYN和DSOUT代码段Figure2-3illustrateshowPSCreparesandconstructstheFortrancodeforEMTDC. ThePSCADCaseProjectshowncontainsadefaultmainpagewithaComponentInstanceandaPageModule. Whenthecaseiscompiled,anequivalentFortranfilecalled'main.f'iscreated,whichactsasthemainroutineforthecase. WithinitareplacedtheDSDYNandDSOUTsubroutines(SystemDynamics),whichcontaincomponentcodeand/orcallstouser-definedsubroutines,specifiedintheComponentDefinitions.2-3PSCADEMTDCfortran代码的。PSCAD工程包含EachsubistreatedasasubroutineandreceivesitsownFortran AsshowninFigure2-3,thesubcalled'abc'receivesacorrespondingfilecalled'abc.f'.WithinthisfileareplacedlocalDSDYNandDSOUTsubroutines,whicharerenamedtoabcDYNandabcOUT(i.e.PageModulenamereplacesDS). abcDYNandabcOUTarethencalledfromDSDYNandDSOUTin'main.f'.DSOUTabcDYNabcOUT.这两个文件接着被main.fDSDYN和DSOUT调用。Figure2-3-AssemblyofDSDYNandDSOUTThismethodof'nested'routinescontinuesoniffurtherlevelsofsubsexist. Forinstance,ifanothersubexistswithin'abc',thentheDSDYNandDSOUTsubroutines,localtothisnewsub-page,willbecalledfromabcDYNandabcOUTin'abc.f'.NOTE:Subs(orPageModules)shouldnotbeconfusedwithasubsystem.FormoreonsubsystemsinEMTDC,seeSubsystemsinElectricNetworks.EXAMPLE2-AsanillustrationastohowthecomponentcodeisinsertedintoDSDYN,considerthesimpleMultipliercomponent,showninFigure2-4:Figure2-4-MultiplierComponentinThecodeforthisdeviceexistsasPSCADScriptintheDSDYNsectionoftheComponent Itisshownbelowforeasy!$OUT=$IN1*!WhenthePSCrojectiscompiled,theabovescriptisextractedfromtheMultiplierComponentDefin