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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Inmyeyes,theoldgenerationisalways().

问题1选项

A.economic

B.costly

C.expensive

D.thrifty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的;经济学的”;B选项costly“昂贵的;代价高的”;C选项expensive“昂贵的”;D选项thrifty“节检的;节约的”。句意:在我眼里,老一辈总是……的。关键词theoldgeneration老一辈的消费观偏向于节约。故选D。

2.单选题

Theyhurriedtothetheatre()thattheplayhadalreadybegun.

问题1选项

A.finding

B.justintime

C.onlytofind

D.rightincase

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。主句使用的是一般过去式hurried,而后面的句子使用的是过去完成时hadbegun,两者之间存在转折。句意:他们匆忙赶到剧院,……戏已经开始了。onlytodosth表示“出乎意料的结果”,故选C。

3.单选题

Schoolchildrenoughttobe()totheirparentsandteachers.

问题1选项

A.alien

B.transient

C.obedient

D.current

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项alien“外国的;相异的”;B选项transient“短暂的;路过的”;C选项obedient“服从的;孝顺的”;D选项current“现在的;最近的”。句意:学龄儿童应该……父母和老师。句中主语是Schoolchildren,由关键信息totheirparentsandteachers“对其父母和老师”要服从。因此C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareferriedisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenodearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthere’sagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalledbehaviorsclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingwhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

ThesocialandpoliticalimplicationsorthesetwotheoriesareprofoundIntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behavioristsincontrastsaythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

46.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem().

47.Theword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby().

48.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?

49.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?

50.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores().

问题1选项

A.whyone’sbehaviorsdifferfromothers

B.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligence

C.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheories

D.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”controversy

问题2选项

A.approaches

B.advocates

C.principles

D.characters

问题3选项

A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.

B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.

C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsarerevealedbybehaviors.

D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstinct.

问题4选项

A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.

B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.

C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.

D.Theyupholdthatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.

问题5选项

A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantages

B.areamanifestationoftheblacks’poorintelligence

C.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligence

D.havenothingtodowillfactorsotherthanheredity

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】46.主旨大意题。第一段先提出“人们一直很想知道个性和行为是怎样形成的”,然后每段都提出一个理论,最后一段得出总结这两种理论都不能完全解释人类行为,关于个性是先天的还是后天的这场争论肯定会持续很长一段时间。因此D选项“是什么导致了先天/后天的争论”正确,符合题意。A选项“为什么一个人的行为与别人不同”,B选项“是什么造就了智力的不同阶段”,C选项“社会科学家如何形成不同的理论”均不符题意,可排除。故选D。

47.词义推测题。定位在原文Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthere’sagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.(正如人们预想的那样,这两种方法是非常不同的,各理论的……之间存在大量争论)因为两种理论是截然相反的,所以所持不同理论的人会存在大量的争论。因此proponents指人,指这两种理论的支持者。因此B选项“拥护者;倡导者”正确,符合题意。A选项“方法;办法”;C选项“原则”;D选项“特性”均与题意不符,可排除。故选B。

48.推理判断题。根据第三段首句Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.(那些支持自然派的人们认为,我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物和遗传因素决定的。)由此可判断自然派认为我们具有一定的个性和行为模式是先天具备的,因此A选项“我们生来就有特定的个性和行为”,正确,符合题意。B选项“环境与我们的个性无关”,说法过于绝对,定位在原文Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.(我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有关系,这是这一理论的核心。)错误,可排除。C选项“能力和特征是由行为表现出来的”与题意无关,可排除。D选项“只有极端的行为是由本能决定的”,错误,定位在原文Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.(极端地说,这一理论认为,我们的行为在很大程度上是先天决定的,以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配。)可排除。故选A。

49.客观细节题。由第四段第一句找到关键词定位Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalledbehaviors(后天理论的支持者,或者通常被称为行为主义者)再由第四段最后一句Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.(他们对人类的看法相当机械的;他们认为,人类像机器一样对环境刺激做出回应,这些刺激是他们的行为的基础。)因此C选项“他们认为我们像机器一样对环境做出反应”正确,符合题意。A选项“他们相信人类是机械的”太过绝对,原文说的是quite“相当”,只能够说明极度相似,并不完全等同,可排除。B选项“他们把我们的行为比作机器”,依照原文,他们是将humanbeing“人类”比作机器,可排除。D选项“他们坚持认为机械论也适用于我们”原文未提及,可排除。故选C。

50.客观细节题。定位到第五段Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behavioristsincontrastsaythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.(这导致一些“自然”派支持者认为黑人基因不如白人。与之相反的行为学家说,成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了许多教育和其他白人所享有的环境优势,因此他们不与白人做出相同的反应。)由此可知,在“自然”派支持者看来黑人的低分数是因为基因的不同。因此D选项“除了遗传与意志因素无关”正确。A选项“是教育劣势的结果”为行为主义者的观点,可排除。B选项“是黑人智力低下的表现”,C选项“与他们的真正智慧无关”与题意无关,可排除。故选D。

5.翻译题

Chinesecultureisdevelopedaroundcollectivismwhichstressescommunionandharmony.Westerncultureemphasizesindividualism.Intermsofeatingcustoms,chopsticksandknivesandforksaretwodisparateexpressionsofthisculturaldifference.TheChineseliketohavecommunalmealswhereeverybodyeatsoutofthesamebowloffood.Chopstickswereusedinordertodiscouragepeoplefromeatingmorethanothers.Thiswasnotonlyagoodwaytopreservecollectiveness,butalsotolimitindividualism.ItismorestraightforwardintheWest.Peopleeattheirmealsontheirownandthereisnorestrictiononhowtoeat.

【答案】中国文化推崇集体主义,崇尚共有,融合;西方文化崇尚个体。体现在吃饭的方式上就是筷子和刀叉的不同。中国人实行合餐制,用餐的人在一个盘中取食,用筷子可以限制个别人大量取食。如此一来,既保留了集体主义的形态,个人利益又不会受太大影响。西方人就简单一些,每个人吃自己盘里的食物,吃法也没有什么严格限制。

6.单选题

()morbidlyaggressiveperson,hewouldregardevenastareassomekindofintrusion.

问题1选项

A.A

B.Being

C.As

D.Tobe

【答案】A

【解析】考查句子成分。A选项A“一个;一位”;B选项Being“作为”引导主语从句;C选项As“作为”引导定语从句;D选项Tobe“成为”引导目的状语从句。主句hewouldregardevenastareassomekindofintrusion.(他甚至会把别人的凝视看作是一种冒犯。)句中成分完整,因此可排除B,C,D选项。句意:一个极其好斗的人,他甚至会把一个眼神注视当作一种侵犯。前面的句子用逗号隔开,可充当主语he的同位语。因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Biologyisbeingrebornasaninformationscience,aprogenyoftheInformationAge.Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.Moleculesconveyinformation,anditistheirmessagesthatareofparamountimportance.Eachmoleculeinteractswithasetofothermoleculesandeachsetcommunicateswithanotherset,suchthatallareinterconnected.Networksofpeoplebringaboutculturesandsocieties,andnetworksofspeciesencompassecosystem.Lifeisawebandthewebislife.

Ironically,itwastheeuphoriaformoleculesthattouchedoffthisscientificRevolution.Inthe1980sonlyatinypercentageofthemillionsofdifferentmolecularcomponentsoflivingbeingswereknown.Inordertogainaccesstothesemolecules,anewscienceandevenanewindustryhadtobecreated.Genomicsisthedevelopmentandapplicationofresearchtoolsthatuncoverandanalyzethousandsofdifferentmoleculesatatime.Thisnewapproachtobiologyhasbeensosuccessfulthatuniversitieshavecreatedentiredepartmentsdevotedtoit,andallmajorpharmaceuticalcompaniesnowhavelargegenomicsdivisions.Genomicshasgrantedbiologistsunprecedentedaccesstothemoleculesoflife,butthisismorethanjustatechnologicalrevolution.Throughgenomicsmassiveamountsofbiologicalinformationcanbeconvertedintoanelectronicformat.Thisdirectlylinksthelifesciencestothedramaticallynewframeworkforunderstandinglife.

Informationisamessage,abitofnews.Itmaybeencodedordecoded.Itmaybecoveredbysmokesignals,pictures,soundwaves,electromagneticwaves,orinnumerousothermedia,buttheinformationitselfisnotmadeofanything.Ithasnomass.

Furthermore,informationalwayshasasenderandanintendedreceiver.Thisimpliesanunderlyingintent,meaning,orpurpose.Informationtheorythusmayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismofscience.Thefocusoftheinformationscience,however,isnotsomuchoninformationcontent,butratheronhowmessagesareconveyed,processed,andstored.

Advancesinthisareahavebeengreatandhavehelpedtopropeltheremarkabledevelopmentofthecomputerandtelecommunicationindustries.Couldtheseforcesbeharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbodyandtoimprovehumanhealth?

51.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto().

52.ThepassagementionseachofthefollowingasanexampleofelementsinterrelatingtoformalargerwholeExcept().

53.Accordingtothepassage,the“dramaticallynewframework”isoneinwhich().

54.Accordingtothepassage,informationtheory“mayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismof

science”because().

55.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthefinalparagraphinrelationtotherestofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.refuteatheory

B.describetheoriginsofamisconception

C.analyzedifferentperspectivesonaphenomenon

D.describeanewtrendinafieldofstudy

问题2选项

A.moleculesformingacell

B.organismsforminganecosystem

C.pathogensformingtheimmunesystem

D.cellsforminganorganism

问题3选项

A.biologicaldateistranslatedintoanewform

B.theimmunesystemattacksapathogen

C.geneticresearchreceivesmorefederalfunding

D.forcesareharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbody

问题4选项

A.itcanbeconveyedbysoundwaves

B.itisbettersuitedtocommercialindustrythantoacademicstudy

C.itsuggeststhatmessagesmayhavemeaningorpurpose

D.itanalyzesbiologicalinformation

问题5选项

A.Itmodifiesatheorypresentedearlier.

B.Itindicatesactualandpotentialconsequencesofgenomics.

C.Itraisesdoubtsaboutthevalueofgenomics.

D.Itprovidesasolutiontoaproblemmentionedearlier.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】51.主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了生物学研究的新趋势,生物学现在是信息科学,用信息手段探索生命。因此D选项“描述一个研究领域的新趋势”,正确,符合题意。A选项“反驳一个理论”,B选项“描述一种误解的起源”;C选项“从不同的角度分析一个现象”均与题意不符,可排除。故选D。

52.推理判断题。定位在第一段Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.(作为信息科学家,生物学家关心维持生命的信息,比如使受精卵发育成为成熟生物体的复杂的一系列信号,或者免疫系统对入侵病原体做出的协调反应。)Networksofpeoplebringaboutculturesandsocieties,andnetworksofspeciesencompassecosystem.(人的网络形成文化和社会,物种的网络构成了生态系统。)根据题干信息哪项不是元素相互关联构成更大的整体的例子。A选项“形成细胞的分子”,B选项“由有机体形成生态系统的”,C选项“病原体形成免疫系统”,D选项“细胞形成有机体”。A,B,D选项均是由小变大的例子。C选项根据原文,应该是一个大的、整体性的免疫系统,会对小的、部分性的病原体做出协调反应。因此C选项不符合题意。故选C。

53.词义推测题。定位到原文Throughgenomicsmassiveamountsofbiologicalinformationcanbeconvertedintoanelectronicformat.Thisdirectlylinksthelifesciencestothedramaticallynewframeworkforunderstandinglife.(通过基因组学,大量的生物信息可以被转换成电子格式。这直接使生命科学以全新框架来理解生命。)由此可判断dramaticallynewframework“全新的框架”根据指示代词this可知是指代前面的内容即生物数据可以被转换成电子格式,因此A选项“生物数据被转换成一种新的形式”,正确,符合题意。B选项“免疫系统攻击病原体”,C选项“基因研究得到了更多的联邦资助”,D选项“人们利用各种力量来更好地了解人体”,均不符题意,可排除。故选A。

54.推理判断题。定位在第四段Furthermore,informationalwayshasasenderandanintendedreceiver.Thisimpliesanunderlyingintent,meaning,orpurpose.Informationtheorythusmayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismofscience.Thefocusoftheinformationscience,however,isnotsomuchoninformationcontent,butratheronhowmessagesareconveyedprocessed,andstored.(此外,信息往往有发送者和有意向的接收者。这隐含着一个潜在的意图、意义或目的。信息理论因此似乎不适合科学的冰冷的客观主义。信息科学的焦点,然而,与其说是在信息内容上,不如说是在如何传达、处理和存储信息上。)根据关键点thus“因此”可知,信息理论似乎不适合科学的冰冷的客观主义的原因在前一句中可以找到。即信息隐含着一个潜在的意图、意义或目的。因此C选项“它表明,信息可能有意义或目的”正确,符合题意。A选项“它可以通过声波传播”,B选项“它更适合商业工业而不是学术研究”,D选项“它分析生物信息”,均与题意不符。故选C。

55.推理判断题。定位在最后一段Advancesinthisareahavebeengreatandhavehelpedtopropeltheremarkabledevelopmentofthecomputerandtelecommunicationindustries.Couldtheseforcesbeharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbodyandtoimprovehumanhealth?(信息科学的发展促使计算机和通讯产业的巨大发展,这是否应该可以更好的帮助探索人体和改善人类健康呢?)以及文章的第一段Biologyisbeingrebornasaninformationscience,aprogenyoftheInformationAge.(生物学正在重生为一门信息科学,一门信息时代的产物。)Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.(作为信息科学家,生物学家关心的是维持生命的信息,比如使受精卵发育成为成熟生物体的复杂的一系列信号,或者免疫系统对入侵病原体做出的协调反应。)由此可知,最后一段是对前面内容的一些补充,因此A选项“它修饰了先前提出的一个理论”,正确,符合题意。B选项“它表明了基因组学的实际和潜在后果”,C选项“这引起了对基因组学价值的怀疑”,D选项“它为前面提到的问题提供了解决方案”,均与题意不符,可排除。故选A。

8.单选题

Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldiers,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,ormaturedafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.

Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.Tobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewaywhichananimalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobecivilized.Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficientlyisnotbeingcivilized.Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbeseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledthemosthaswon.Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.

Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory,inwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilledorseriouslyinjured.Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife—nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.

Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusiness.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.

41.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcasesmayberegardedasanadvancementofcivilization?

42.Inthefirstsentenceofparagraph2,“Itisjustpossibletheyare”meansthat().

43.Theauthorsuggeststhatcivilizedpeopleshouldsettledisputesby().

44.Intheauthor’sview,thenationsandcountriesoftoday().

45.Bythelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat().

问题1选项

A.Theactofconqueringtheothernations.

B.Theabilitytogetotherstofightforyou.

C.Thebreakingoflegs.

D.Thewaytofertilizeafield.

问题2选项

A.itispossiblethatmostpeoplebelieveinthegreatestcountries

B.itispossiblethattheconquerorsarethegreatestcountries

C.itispossiblethatthegreatestcountriesmaybeatthegreatestnumberofcountries

D.itispossiblethattheconquerorscanruleoverothercountries

问题3选项

A.goingtowars

B.gainingtheright

C.havingthemight

D.adoptingnon-violentways

问题4选项

A.arequitefriendlytooneanother

B.cankeeptherulesandbehaveproperly

C.arestillfightingagainstoneanother

D.knowhowtosettledisputes

问题5选项

A.peoplearebornsavageandit’shardforthemtochange

B.civilizationisathingthatcannotbeexpectedtoomuch

C.civilizedpeoplewillneverdoanysavagethings

D.humanbeingswillforwardthecivilizationastheymature

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】41.推理判断题。A选项“征服其他国家的行为”,第一段Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.(我想大多数人都认为最伟大的国家是那些在战争中打败最多其他国家并以征服者的身份统治它们的国家。)第二段有转折Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.(他们可能是,但他们不是最文明的。)故可排除A选项。B选项“让别人为你而战的能力”,根据原文Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficientlyisnotbeingcivilized.(即使是善于让别人为你而战,并告诉他们如何做才最有效,也不是文明。)可排除B选项。C选项“断腿”定位在第一段第二句Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,ormaturedafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.(我们不知道谁最先接上折断的腿骨,还是成熟了一片田;但我们知道所有关于杀手和毁灭者的事。)句中是接上断腿的人,而非断腿。D选项“给土地施肥的方法。”在作者眼里推动文明发展的不是这些征服者,将军或者士兵,也不是通过野蛮行为解决纷争的人。A,B,C选项在作者眼中都不是文明的,均可排除,故选D。

42.推理判断题。定位在第一段最后一句Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.(我想大多数人都认为最伟大的国家是那些在战争中打败最多其他国家并以征服者的身份统治它们的国家。)可知they指代的是最伟大的国家。A选项“大多数人可能相信最伟大的国家”与题意无关。B选项“征服者可能是最伟大的国家”,置换主语,有误。C选项“可能最伟大的国家打败最多的国家”与句意契合,正确。D选项“征服者有可能统治其他国家”与主干无关,可排除。故选C。

43.推理判断题。定位在第二段Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbeseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledthemosthaswon.(人们靠打架来解决争议。战斗意味着杀戮,文明的人民应该能够找到解决争端的方法,而不是看哪一方杀死另一方的人数更多,然后说,杀死最多的一方赢了。)由此可知,作者认为武力不是解决问题的办法。A选项“参战”,与武力有关不符合。B选项“赢得权利”,和平解决问题是不会有输赢的,C选项“有强权”,Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.(它不仅赢了,而且因为赢了,它是正确的。因为这就是参战的意义;它意味着说强权即公理。)在文中作者对强权即公理的这种说法是不赞成的。由此可排除C选项。D选项“采用非暴力方式”符合题意,故选D。

44.推理判断题。根据原文Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife—nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.(虽然现在,人们并不会在街上相互残杀,也就是说,我们已经到了遵守规则和在日常生活中相互之间行为得体的阶段。但各个民族和国家还没有学会这样做,仍然表现得像野蛮人。)由此可知,如今的一些民族和国家还存在着对抗战争,故C选项“仍在互相争斗”正确。A选项“他们彼此很友好”,B选项“遵守规矩,举止得体”,D选项“知道如何解决争端”均与句意不符,可排除,故选C。

45.推理判断题。根据原文Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife.(但我们不能期望太多。毕竟,人类的进化才刚刚开始。人类才刚刚开始文明生活。)由此可知,我们还处在文明世界的开端,不能期望过高。A选项“人天生野蛮,很难改变”错误。根据原文Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife.(虽然现在,人们并不会在街上相互残杀,也就是说,我们已经到了遵守规则和在日常生活中相互之间行为得体的阶段。)可以知道人们已经有改变了。B选项“文明是一种不能过分期待的东西”,作者是以目前阶段的文明而言,我们不能够期待太多,并没有让人不去期待,属于歪曲意思。C选项“文明人决不会做野蛮的事”说法过于绝对,根据原文Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.(我们不能期待即使是文明人也不会做这些事。)可知文明人绝对不做野蛮的事是很难保证的。D选项“随着人类的成熟,人类将推进文明的发展”,作者说到人类文明才刚开始,可以推出现在的文明随着人类的成熟,还能够有所进步,故D选项正确。

9.翻译题

西部开发中国改革开放以来,国民经济年均增长速度达到9.7%。中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家,都将目光投向了中国投向了西部并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。中国加入世贸组织后,外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁,促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。

【答案】WesternDevelopment10.单选题

Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.

Incertaincases,awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome;Westernmosquitoes,forexample,provedtobeasrepelledbyapasteofvinegarandsaltasweretheirEasterncousins.Moreoften,however,awomanwasguidedonlybyherowningenuityinconcoctingtonics,powders,poisons,andpolishesfromwhatevershehadathand;saltmadeapassabletoothpaste;gunpowderwasappliedtowarts,andturpentine(松节油)toopencuts;goosegrease,skunkoil,andtheever-presentlardwerebasicliniments;medicalteasandtonicswerebrewedfromsunflowerseedsandroots.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whyweredoctorsinthewestsometimesunabletohelptheirpatients?

32.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutpatentmedicines?

33.ItcanbeinferredthatmostofthepioneersreferredtointhepassagewereoriginallyfromwhereintheUnitedStates?

34.AllofthefollowingwerementionedinthepassageasbeingencounteredbythepioneersEXCEPT().

35.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinordertosurviveintheWest,thepioneershadtobe().

问题1选项

A.Theydidnotknowhowtotreattheunfamiliarillnesses.

B.Theyweremoreinterestedinestablishingpracticesinthecities.

C.Theyweremoreconcernedwithdoingresearchthanwithtreatingpatients.

D.Theywereoftenovercomebydiseasescaughtfromtheirpatients.

问题2选项

A.Theydonotcostmuch.

B.Theyhelpedhealsnakebites.

C.Theydidnotworkverywell.

D.Theyhasastrongtaste.

问题3选项

A.Thedesert

B.TheWest

C.ThestateofMississippi

D.TheEast

问题4选项

A.arrowwounds

B.severefrostbite

C.desertsunburn

D.rattlesnakebites

问题5选项

A.sincere

B.young

C.resourceful

D.rich

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.客观细节题。根据原文Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.(即使有医生,他们也常常像他们的病人一样缺乏知识。)故A选项“他们不知道如何治疗他们不熟悉的疾病”正确。B选项“他们对在城市建立业务更感兴趣”,C选项“他们更关心做研究而不是治疗病人”,D选项“他们经常对他们病人的疾病无可奈何”不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

32.客观细节题。根据原文Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.(大多数专利药和卖专利药的流动商人的药品一样,都不可靠。)所以我们可以推理出专利药的效果难以保证。C选项“它们的效果不太好。”正确。A选项“它们不贵”,B选项“它们对治疗蛇咬伤有帮助”,D选项“它们味道很重”都不符合原文。故选C。

33.推理判断题。定位在第二段第一句,提示词learnbackhome(从家学习到的),可以在下半句找到答案,theirEasterncousins(她们东部的表兄弟们)可推理出她们来自美国的东部地区。A选项Thedesert“沙漠”;B选项Thewest“西部”;C选项ThestateofMississippi“密西西比州”,首句Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.(作为她家庭健康的守护者,这位开拓者在穿越密西西比州之前遇到了她从未想象过的情况。很少有妇女来西部就准备好了应对沙漠晒伤、响尾蛇的咬伤或箭伤的。)由此可排除AB选项,C选项为干扰项,文中只说了穿越了密西西比并没有直接说明来自那里。故选D。

34.客观细节题。根据原文Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.(很少的妇女来到西部,就能够准备应对沙漠晒伤、响尾蛇咬伤或者箭伤的。)A选项“箭伤”,C选项“沙漠晒伤”,D选项“响尾蛇咬伤”在句中都有提及,而B选项“严重的冻伤”并未涉及,故选B。

35.语义推测题。A选项sincere“真诚的”;B选项young“年轻的”;C选项resourceful“有策略的,足智多谋的”;D选项rich“富有的”。从第一段我们知道西部地区是比较艰苦的,定位到第二段awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome.(女人可以借鉴自己在家里学到的民间智慧和疗法。)由此我们可知先锋者在西部艰苦的地方生存下来是需要有一定技巧的,故选C。

11.单选题

()Iwanttomakeitasuccess,therearequiteanumberofobstaclesinourway.

问题1选项

A.Asmuchas

B.Solongas

C.Aslittleas

D.Sofaras

【答案】A

【解析】考查让步状语从句。A选项Asmuchas“尽管”;B选项Solongas“只要;既然”;C选项Aslittleas“仅仅;至少”;D选项Sofaras“只要;至于”。句意:……我很想成功,但在我们的道路上有相当多的障碍。我想成功和但是道路上有很多障碍,这两个句子存在一种让步关系。因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

WhileIwasreadinginthesun,adrowsyfeeling()overme,soIhadtogobackintothehouse.

问题1选项

A.climbed

B.crept

C.crawled

D.rose

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项climbed“爬;攀登”;B选项crept“爬行;蔓延”;C选项crawled“爬行;匍匐行进”;D选项rose“上升;起立”。句意:当我在阳光下看书时,一阵昏昏欲睡的感觉向我……,所以我不得不回到屋里。睡意向我袭来,让我不得不回到屋内。A选项是及物动词,不与介词搭配,可排除。同理可排除D选项。B选项creepover意为“悄悄来袭”,符合句意。C选项主要用来形容人匍匐前行,而句中的主语是adrowsyfeeling,可排除。故选B。

13.单选题

Asthepost-EnronwaveofcorporatescandalswashedoverAmericalastyear,acommonresponseinEuropewas:itcouldn’thappenhere.Farfromhavingtheworld’sbest-policedmarkets,theUnitedStates,manyEuropeanpoliticiansclaimed,suffereduniquelyfromalethalcombinationofgreedyandoverpaidbosses:conflictedauditorsandinvestmentbankers,relianceonaccountingrulesnotprinciples,andanobsessionwithquarterlyprofitnumbers.InAmerica,asmanyas1,200companieshavebeenforcedtorestatetheiraccountsinthepastfiveyears,inEuropethenumberisbarelyindoubledigits.Soitisoutrageous,manyEuropeansnowargue,thatAmericaisseekingtoimposetheunwieldySarbanes-Oxleyact,passedinthewakeofEnron,onEuropeancompanieslistedinNewYork.

AsmoresensibleEuropeanregulatorsrecognize,thissmugnesswasneverjustified;itisonlynecessarytorecallscandalssuchasVivendiandElan.ButEurope’sclaimofimmunityfromcorporateslacknesshasnowbeenblownoutofthewaterbythisweek’srevelationsthatRoyalAholdof

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