英语翻译新视野大学英语读写教程三答案

第一单元OnSaturdaynightatTheGrouse'sNest,they'restillwillingtoraiseaglassortwoto“LordWilliams",thoughnowhistitlepromptslaughter.周六晚,在“牢骚酒吧”,村民依旧乐意向威廉斯勋爵祝酒,尽管他这头衔现在只能引来阵阵笑声。TherearethoseinthisbeautifulvillageinthemountainofScotlandwhosaytheywereneverquitesureaboutAnthonyWilliams,thesoft-spoken,wealthynoblewhoarrivedin1986withhiswell-dressedwife.这个美丽的山村坐落在苏格兰山区中,有一些村民说,他们从来不很了解安东尼.威廉斯,这位有钱的贵族说话和气,1986年和他穿着入时的妻子来到这里。Mr.Williamsboughtuppropertyafterproperty,providingsuchalargeinjectionofcashintothevillagethathesingle-handedlybroughtthecommunitybacktolife.威廉斯先生买下了一笔又一笔的地产,给小村注入了大量现金,一手令它焕发出生机。Butnoonecouldhavepossiblyguessedthetruth—thatthemanwithendlessmoneyandafriendlymannerwasnotalordatallbutagovernmentemployee.可是谁也没有料到这个事实,这个财源滚滚,举止友好的人并非什么勋爵,而是一名政府公务员。Abouttwoweeksago,aregretfulMr.Williams,whohadworkedfortheLondonpolicesince1959andhadrisentoa&65,000ayearpositionasdeputydirectoroffinance,wasbroughtintocourtandsentencedtosevenandahalfyearsinprison.威廉斯先生自1959年起效力于伦敦警署,官至财务部副主管,年薪65000英镑,大约两周前,后悔不已的他在法庭受审,被判监禁フ年半。Butmostofall,hesunkhisdishonestgainsintothisvillagethatcapturedhisheartwithitsfinestonecottages,itscentralareaofgreengrass,andgreenrowsofhedges.但最主要的是他将不法收入投进了这座山村,精致的石屋农舍,茵茵的村中绿地,ー排排青青的树篱:这派奇异的景色深深地吸引了他。Andmostofall,heboughttherun-downGordonArmsHotelandtotallyrestoredit,transformingitfromamessintoagloriousfirst-classhotel.而最主要的是,他将年久失修的戈登.阿姆斯旅馆买下并完全改装,将这堆废墟变成了一座华丽的一流宾馆。Mr.Abdyacquiredthebulkofthepropertiesforabouthalfamillionpounds,obtainingbankloansandstrikingdealswithvariouspeopletopayonlyapartofwhattheyareowedbyMr.Williams.阿布迪先生通过获取银行贷款和不同的人做交易,只支付威廉斯先生所欠他们的一部分,最后以大约50万英镑的价格买下绝大部分房产。第二单元Sportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletes,particularlyfemales,frequentlyhaveirondeficiency.运动药物专家经过多年的观察,发现耐力运动员,特别是女性经常会缺铁。Herstudyof62formerlyinactivewomenwhobeganexercisingthreetimesaweekforsixmonthswaspublishedinthejournalMedicine&ScienceinSports&Exercise.［体育运动医学与科学］杂志发表了她对62名妇女进行研究的结果,这些妇女原先不怎么运动,后来在她的研究中进行了为期6个月,每周3次的锻炼。Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral;affectingoneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45,respectively.缺铁现象在普遍女性中很常见,十几岁的少女中每4人就有一人缺铁,而18至45岁的女性中每5人就有一人缺铁。Plus,manyhealth-consciouswomenincreasetheirriskbyrejectingredmeat,whichcontainsthemosteasilyabsorbedformofiron.此外,许多保健意识强的女性不吃牛羊肉,这也使他们较容易缺铁,因为这些肉中含有的铁质最容易被吸收。Someironislostinsweet,and,forunknownreasons,intenseenduranceexerciseissometimesassociatedwithbleedingofthedigestivesystem.有些铁质随汗流流失,另外,由于某些未知的原因,剧烈的耐力运动有时会导致消化系统出血。Fatigueandpoorperformancemaybegintoappearinthesecondstageofdeficiency,whennotenoughironispresenttoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthattransportoxygentotheworkingmuscles.到了缺铁的第二阶段,体内已经没有足够的铁来形成血蛋白分子将氧气输送到运动着的肌肉,这时就会出现疲倦和力不从心。“Peoplethinkthatiftheyarenotatthethirdstage,nothingiswrong,butthatisnottrue,“saysJohnL.Beard,whohelpeddesignthePurduestudy.“人们认为只要自己还没到第三阶段就不要紧,这种看法是不对的。”帮助策划珀杜研究的约翰比尔德说。Athletesinhigh-impactsportssuchasrunningmayalsoloseironthroughaphenomenonwheresmallbloodvesselsinthefeetleakblood.运动员从事诸如跑步之类髙强度运动时,足部毛细血管会渗血,因而导致铁质流失。第三单元HydeSchoolfounderJosephGauldclaimssuccesswiththeprogramatthe$18,000-a-yearhighschoolinBath,Maine,whichhasreceivedconsiderablepublicityforitsworkwithtroubledyoungsters.海德中学坐落在缅因州巴思市,每年的学费髙达L8万美元,因其教导问题少年有方而遐迩闻名,该校的创始人约瑟夫髙尔德声称学校的教学计划很成功。InoneEnglishclass,the11studentsspendthelastfiveminutesinanenergeticexchangeevaluatingtheirclassperformanceforthedayona1-10scale.在一堂英语课上,U名学生用最后的五分钟展开激烈的讨论,依照1—10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。Wekindoflikethatspirit.Wedon'tlikeitwiththenegativeattitudes.Wewanttoturnthatspiritpositive.我们有几分喜欢这种活力,但并不是喜欢它不好的一面,而是要将它转化成好的一面。Theparentsagreeinwritingtomeetmonthlyinoneof20regionalgroups,gotoayearlythree-dayregionalretreat,andspendatleastthreetimesayearinworkshops,discussiongroupsandseminarsatBath.家长签约同意每月出席一次区小组会议（共20个区小组）,每年去区休养所三天,每年至少参加三次巴思市的研修班、讨论组和研讨会。Theprocessforpublicschoolparentsisstillbeingworkedout,withalotmoredifficultybecauseitisdifficulttoconvinceparentsthatitisworthwhileforthemtoparticipate.公立学校学生家长的活动计划仍在制定当中。这项工作的困难要大得多,因为很难使家长们相信自身的参与很有价值。Heisoptimisticthatonceparentsmakeacommitmenttotheprogram,theywillbedailyrolemodelsfortheirchildren,unlikeparentswhosechildrenareinboardingschool.他很乐观地认为,一旦家长投入到计划当中,他们就会成为孩子们日常行为的榜样,这一点与寄宿学校的学生家长完全不同。TheHydeSchooloperatesontheprinciplethatifyouteachstudentsthemeritofsuchvaluesastruth,courage,integrity,leadership,curiosityandconcern,thenacademicachievementnaturallyfollows.海德中学的办学宗旨是:如果你向学生传授诸如诚实、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话,学生的学习成绩自然就会提高。IbavoidthecontroversyofothercharacterprogramsusedinUSschools,Gauldsaystheconceptofdoingyourbesthasnothingtodowithforcingthestudentstoacceptaparticularsetofmoralsorreligiousvalues.为了避免美国中学使用的其他品格培养方案所引发的争议,高尔德解释说,“全力以赴”这一概念并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。第四单元Inthemid-1870s,FrenchartistFredericAugusteBartholdiwasworkingonanenormousprojectcalledLibertyEnlighteningtheWorld,amonumentcelebratingUSindependenceandtheFrance-Americaalliance.19世纪70年代中期,法国艺术家弗里德里克奥古斯特巴托尔迪正在设计ー个大项目,名为“自由照耀世界”。这是一座庆祝美国独立和美法联盟的纪念碑。Mattelrefashionedthedollintoadecent,all-American—althoughwithanexaggeratedbreastsize—versionandnameditafterBarbara,whowasthenateenager.马特尔公司将这个娃娃作了一番改造,变成了体面而地道的美国货,尽管胸围有些夸张。它名从当时10多岁的少女芭芭拉。Nowmorethansixtyyearsold,Barbara—whodeclinesinterviewsbutissaidtohavelovedthedoll—maybethemostfamousunknownfigureontheplanet.如今芭芭拉已有60多岁了,她拒绝接受采访,但据说非常喜欢芭比。她可能是当今世上真名实姓不为人知的最著名的人物。GrantWoodinstantlyrosetofamein1930withhispaintingAmericanGothic,anoften-copiedinterpretationofthesolemnprideofAmericanfarmers.1930年,格兰特伍德因其画作《美国哥特式》ー举成名。此画体现了美国农民庄严的自豪,常常被人临摹。HewasstronglyinfluencedbymedievalartistsandinspiredbytheGothicwindowofanoldfarmhouse,butthefacesinhiscompositionwerewhatcapturedtheworld'sattention.他深受中世纪艺术的影响,他的灵感来自于一所古老农舍的哥特式窗户,但最令世人注目的是画中人物的脸。ButtheBuffalonickel,producedfrom1913to1938,honoredapairofconnectedtragediesfromthesettlementoftheAmericanfrontier—thedestructionofthebuffaloherdsandtheAmericanIndians.但1913至1938年间发行的野牛硬币,却是为了纪念由美国拓居引起的两起相互关联的悲剧——野牛群的灭绝和美洲印第安人的毁灭。WhilewhitepeoplehadpreviouslybeenusedasmodelsformostAmericancoins,famedartistJamesEarleFraserwentagainsttraditionbyusingthreeactualAmericanIndiansasmodelsforhiscreation.尽管此前一直是白人被用作美国硬币上的模特,而著名艺术家詹姆斯厄尔弗雷泽却反传统而行之,启用了三名真正的美洲印第安人作为自己创作的原型。Afterthewar,acharactercalledUncleSambeganappearinginpoliticalcartoons,hisformevolvingfromanearliercartooncharactercalledBrotherJonathanthatwaspopularduringtheAmericanRevolution.战后,政治漫画里开始出现了一个名叫“山姆大叔”的人物。他的原型是一个早期漫画人物名叫乔纳森大哥,此人在美国独立战争时期非常