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牛津译林版高中英语高一必修二全册课文及翻译Behindthescenes幕后Hello,everyone!Letmestartbyaskingyouaquestion:what'sthefirstthingyounoticeaboutafilm?Theacting?Themusic?Maybetheamazingsets?Whateveryouransweris,there'salwaysalotmoretoitthanfirstmeetstheeye.Actually,thefilmyouseeonthescreenistheproductofahugeamountofhardwork,mostofwhichtakesplacebehindthescenes.Today,I'llgiveyouabriefintroductiontosomeaspectsoffilm-makingyoumightnotbefamiliarwith.大家好!让我来先问你们一个问题作为开场:对于一部电影你首先会注意什么?表演?配乐?也许是令人惊叹的布景?无论你们的答案是什么,事情总要比你们认为的要复杂得多。事实上,你在银幕上看到的电影是大量艰苦工作的产物,其中大部分工作发生在幕后。今天我将就电影制作中你们可能不太熟悉的几个方面做一个简单的介绍。Tobeginwith,I'dliketodrawyourattentiontoanimportantfactorofafilm-soundeffects.Theseareoftenaddedafterascenehasbeenshotandmightnotbemadeinthewayyouwouldexpect.Forexample,inJurassicPark,thesoundsofdifferentanimals,includingababyelephantandatiger;weremixedbyacomputertomakeadinosaurroar.ThesoundofthedoorsopeningintheStarTrekfilmswasmadesimplybypullingasheetofpaperoutofanenvelope.首先,我想请你们注意电影的一个重要元素一一音效。音效通常是在一个场景拍摄完成之后添加的,而且可能是以你意想不到的方式制作的。例如,《侏罗纪公园》中恐龙的吼叫声,是用包括小象和老虎在内的不同动物的声音通过电脑合成的。在《星际迷航》系列电影里,开门的声音不过是通过从信封里抽取纸张来实现的。AnotheraspectIattachgreatimportancetoisvisualspecialeffects.CGIhasbeenfrequentlyusedinfilm-makingasaspecialeffectstechnology.Generally,scenesrequiringCGIarefilmedinfrontofagreenscreeninthestudio.Asgreendoesn'tmatchanynaturalhairorskincolour;actorscanbeeasilyseparatedfromthebackground.ThisenablesCGIeffectstobeaddedlater.TheQuidditchscenesintheHarryPotterfilmsweremadeinthiswaywiththeactorsjumpingupanddowninfrontofagreenscreen.However,theaidofcomputersisn'talwayspreferred.PeterJackson,directorofTheLordoftheRingsfilms,tookacreativeapproach-heusedclevercameraanglestomakecharactersseembiggerorsmallerthantheyreallywere.另一个我认为非常重要的方面是视觉特效。CGI(计算机生成影像)作为一种特效技术在电影制作中己经很常用。一般来说,需要使用CGI的场景会在工作室的绿幕前拍摄。因为绿色与任何自然的人类发色或肤色都不同,演员可以轻易地与背景分离。这使得在后期添加CGI效果成为可能。“哈利-波特”系列电影中魁地奇比赛的场景就是通过演员在绿幕前上下跳跃这种方式制作的。不过,计算机辅助并不总是受到青睐。“指环王"系列电影的导演彼得-杰克逊采用了一种创造性的方法一一他利用各种巧妙的拍摄角度,使剧中角色看起来比实际更大更小。Propsalsocontributetoafilm'ssuccess.Tomakeafilmlookreal,greateffortmustsometimesbemadetoresearch,findandbuildobjects.DirectorJamesCameronspentsixmonthslookingatandrevisingplansoftheTitanicinordertobuildafull-sizedmodelforhis1997film.HetalkedtohistorianstoensurethatthedetailswerecorrectandevenwentdowntothebottomoftheAtlanticOceantoseewhatwasleftoftheshipforhimself.Ittook500workers100daystobuildthefinemodel,nottomentionthethousandsofpropsinside.道具也为一部电影的成功助力。为了让电影看起来逼真,有时必须付出巨大的努力去研究、寻找和构建物体。导演簷姆斯•卡梅隆花了半年时间研究和修正“泰坦尼克号”的图纸,为的是在他1997年的电影中制作一个全尺寸模型。他和历史学家进行交流以确保细节无误,甚至亲自潜到大西洋海底查看“泰坦尼克号”的残骸。为了制作这个精致的模型,500名工人用了100天,更不用说内部还有成千上万的道具了。Mylecturetodaymaynotbeabletodojusticetoalltheworkpeoplehavedonebehindthescenes.JustasthepoorpassengersontherealTitanicsawthetipoftheiceberg,whatweseeonthecinemascreenisjustthetipofthehugeicebergoffilm-making.Hopefully,nexttimeyougotothecinema,you'llspareathoughtforallthosetalentedpeoplebehindthescenes.Theyhaveworkedformonthsandevenyearssothatyoucanhavetwohoursofenjoyment!我今天的讲座,可能无法对所有的幕后工作者给予公正的评价。正如“泰坦尼克号”上可怜的乘客看到的冰山一角一样,我们在影院银幕上看到的也只是电影制作这座巨大冰山的一角而己。希望下次你们走进电影院时,能想一想所有那些才华出众的幕后工作者。他们工作了数月甚至是数年,如此你们才能有两个小时的愉悦时光!ForrestGump(Excerpt)《阿甘正传》(节选)ForrestGumpisa1994filmstarringTomHanks.IttellsthestoryofForrestGump,asimplemanwithawarmpersonality.DespiteanIQof75,helivesatrulyamazinglife.Hesees,andsometimesinfluences,someofthemajoreventsoftheUnitedStatesinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.《阿甘正传》是1994年由汤姆•汉克斯主演的电影。影片讲述了福雷斯特•冈普 个单纯和热心的人的故事。尽管智商只有75,他的生活却若实精彩。20世纪下半叶美国社会发生的一些重大事件,他是亲历者,有几次他还对这些大事件产生了影响。MrsGumpandForrestwaitfortheschoolbus.ThebuspullsupasMrsGumppreparesForrestforhisfirstdayofschool.冈普太太和福雷斯特等校车。冈普太太帮福雷斯特为第一天开学做准备,此时校车停下。MRSGUMP:Youdoyourverybestnow,Forrest.冈普太太:你现在要全力以赴了,福雷斯特。FORREST:Isurewill,Momma.福雷斯特:我一定会的,妈妈。FORREST(Voice-over1):Irememberthebusrideonthefirstdayofschoolverywell.福雷斯特(旁白1):我还清楚地记得上学第一天坐校车的情景。Thebusdriveropensthedoorandlooksdown.Forrestwalkstothestepsofthebusandlooksatthebusdriver.校车司机打开了门,望若下面。福雷斯特爬上校车的台阶,盯若司机。BUSDRIVER:Areyoucomingalong?校车司机:你上不上车?FORREST:Mommasaidnottobetakingridesfromstrangers.福雷斯特:我妈说不要上陌生人的车。BUSDRIVER:Thisisthebustoschool.校车司机:这是开去学校的车FORREST:I'mForrest.ForrestGump.福雷斯特:我是福雷斯特。福雷斯特-冈普。BUSDRIVER:I'mDorothyHarris.校车司机:我是多萝西-哈里斯。FORREST:Well,nowwearen'tstrangersanymore.福雷斯特:好吧,现在我们就不再是陌生人了。ThebusdriversmilesasForreststepsupintothebus.MrsGumpwavestoForrestasthebusdrivesaway.Forrestbeginstowalkdownthebus.校车司机微笑,福雷斯特上了车。校车开走时,冈普太太向福雷斯特挥手告别。福雷斯特向车内走去。Twoyoungboyslookupfromtheseat.两个小男孩在座位上抬起头瞥了他一眼。BOY1:Thisseat'staken.男孩1:这位子有人了BOY2:It'staken!男孩2:有人坐了Forrestlooksaround.AlargergirlmovesoversoForrestcan'tsitnexttoher.Sheshakesherhead.Forrestlookstotheothersidewhereaboysitsaloneonalargerseat.TheboylooksangrilyatForrest.福雷斯特四下看了看。一个大块头的女孩往空座上挪了挪,所以福雷斯特不能挨若她坐。那女孩摇摇头。福雷斯特看了看另外一边,有个男孩独占了更大的座位。这个男孩凶巴巴地看着福雷斯特。BOY3:Youcan'tsithere.男孩3:你不能坐这里。FORREST(Voice-over):Youknow,it'sfunnywhatayoungmanrecollects.BecauseIdon'trememberbeingborn.I,I...don'trecallwhatIgotformyfirstChristmasandIdon'tknowwhenIwentonmyfirstoutdoorpicnic.But,IdorememberthefirsttimeIheardthesweetestvoiceinthewideworld.福雷斯特(旁白):你知道,一个年轻人的冋忆很有趣。因为我不记得我是怎么出生的。我,我不记得收到的第一份圣诞礼物是什么,也不记得我第一次外出野餐是什么时候。但是,我清楚地记得我第一次听到全世界最甜美的声音时的情景。GIRL:Youcansithereifyouwant.女孩:如果你愿意的话,你可以坐这儿ForrestlooksbackatJennyCurran,ayounggirlaboutForrest'sage.福雷斯特冋头看到了珍妮-柯伦,一个和他年龄相仿的小女孩。FORREST(Voice-over):Ihadneverseenanythingsobeautifulinmylife.Shewaslikeanangel.福雷斯特(旁白):我这辈子从未见过这么美好的事物,她像天使一样。JENNY:Well,areyougoingtositdown,oraren'tyou?珍妮:嗯,你是坐呢,还是不坐?ForrestsitsdownnexttoJenny.福雷斯特坐在了珍妮旁边。JENNY:What'swrongwithyourlegs?珍妮:你的腿怎么了?FORREST:Um,nothingatall,thankyou.Mylegsarejustfineanddandy.福雷斯特:呃,啥事也没有,谢谢。我的腿好得很。FORREST(Voice-over):Ijustsatnexttoheronthatbusandhadaconversationallthewaytoschool.福雷斯特(旁白):我就坐在她旁边,在校车开往学校途中,我们一直在聊天。JENNY:Thenwhydoyouhavethoseshoeson?珍妮:那你为什么要穿那样的鞋子?FORREST:Mymommasaidmyback'scrookedlikeaquestionmark.Thesearegoingtomakemeasstraightasanarrow.They'remymagicshoes.福雷斯特:妈妈说我的背弯得像一个问号。这鞋子能让我像箭一样直,这是我的魔力鞋。FORREST(Voice-over):AndnexttoMomma,nooneevertalkedtomeoraskedmequestions.福雷斯特(旁白):除了妈妈,没有人跟我说话,也没有人问我问题。JENNY:Areyoustupidorsomething?珍妮:你是傻子还是怎么回事?FORREST:Mommasaysstupidisasstupiddoes.福雷斯特:妈妈说做傻事的人才是傻子。JennyputsherhandouttowardForrest.Forrestreachesoverandshakesherhand.珍妮向福雷斯特伸出了手。福雷斯特伸出手和她握手。JENNY:I'mJenny.珍妮:我是珍妮FORREST:I'mForrest.ForrestGump.?§雷斯特:我是福雷斯特。福雷斯特•冈普。FORREST(Voice-over):Fromthatdayon,wewasalwaystogether.Jennyandmewaslikepeasandcarrots.福雷斯特(旁白):从那天起,我们一直在一起。珍妮和我形影不离。2020牛津译林版高中英语高一必修二unit2课文及翻译Abeginner'sguidetoexercise体育锻炼入门Youwanttostartdoingexercise?Congratulations!Youhavejusttakenyourfirststeptowardsanewandimprovedyou!想开始锻炼身体了吗?祝贺你!你己经向新的、更好的自己跨出了第一步。Understandingthebenefitsofexercise了解锻炼的益处Mostpeopleassumethatregularexercisedoeswondersforthebodyandmind-butwhatexactlyareitshealthbenefits?Tostartwith,physicalactivityincreasestheefficiencyofyourheartandlungs.Duringexercise,yourheartandlungsmustworkharder.Thisextraeffortmakesthemgrowstrongeroverthelongterm.Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohavebetterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.Moreover,exerciseisgoodforyourmentalhealth.Workingoutcanhelpyoureducestressandgetovernegativefeelings.Somestudiesevenshowthatexerciseimprovescertainbrainfunctions,meaningyoucouldactuallyexerciseyourwaytobetterperformanceatschool!大多数人都认为经常锻炼对身心大有益处一一不过,锻炼究竟对健康有哪些好处呢?首先,体育活动能增强心肺功能。在锻炼时,你的心脏和肺必须更卖力地工作。久而久之,这些额外的工作使它们变得更强壮。有证据表明,经常锻炼的人往往免疫系统会更好,患病的风险更低。另外,锻炼对心理健康有好处。锻炼身体能帮你缓解心理压力,克服负面情绪。甚至有研究显示锻炼可改善某些大脑机能,也就是说,通过锻炼,你确实可以提高自己的学习成绩。Planningyourexerciseroutine规划日常锻炼Whenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsideriswhatyouexpecttoimprove:heartandlungefficiency,musclestrengthorflexibility.Aerobicactivities,likejogging,swimmingandskiing,developyourheartandlungs.Strengthtraining,suchaspull-upsandweightlifting,increasesmusclestrengthandencouragesbonedevelopment.Flexibilitytraining,includinggymnasticsandtaichi,helpsstretchyourmusclesandimproveyourbody'srangeofmovement.Thesetypesofexerciseallplayaroleinahealthyroutine.Aboveall,chooseactivitiesyouenjoybecause,inthisway,you'remorelikelytostickwiththem.在做日常锻炼的规划时,首先要考虑的是你想要提升哪方面:是心肺功能,还是肌肉强度抑或柔韧性。像慢跑、游泳和滑雪这样的有氧运动,能增强心肺功能。力量训练,比如引体向上和举重,能增加肌肉强度,促进骨骼发育。柔韧性训练,包括体操和太极拳,有助于舒展肌肉,增大肢体活动幅度。在一套健康的日常锻炼项目中,以上三种训练都是不可或缺的。而最重要的是,要挑选你喜欢的项目,因为这样才更有可能持之以恒。Eatinganddrinkingright饮食得当Likecarsthatrunonpetrol,yourbodyburnscarbohydratesforenergy.Foodslikenoodles,rice,fruitandvegetablesgiveyourbodyplentyofcarbohydratestokeepupyourenergyduringalongworkout.Tohelpyourmusclesrecoverandrepairthemselvesafterexercise,youneedtoeatfoodsrichinprotein,suchasfish,eggsandmilkproducts.Whentoeatisalsoofgreatimportance.Ingeneral,youshouldhaveyourmealanaverageof1.5to2.5hoursbeforeexercising.Donoteatimmediatelyafterexercise;instead,waitatleast30minutesafteratypicalroutine,orasmuchasanhourafterahardworkout.Remembertodrinkthroughoutexercisetomakeupforwaterlosttosweat.就像汽车要烧汽油才能跑,你的身体也要燃烧碳水化合物来获得能量。米面果蔬等食物为身体提供丰富的碳水化合物,使你有充足的能量做长时间运动。锻炼后,为帮助肌肉恢复和自我修复,你需要吃些高蛋白食物,比如鱼、蛋和乳制品。什么时间吃也很重要。一般情况下,应该在锻炼之前一个半到两个半小时进食。运动后不要马上吃东西,如果是常规锻炼,至少过半小时再吃,如果是高强度锻炼,就需要等一小时后再吃。锻炼过程中别忘了喝水,以弥补出汗损耗的水分。Avoidinginjury避免受伤Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.Youshouldalsostartsmallandslowlyworkyourwaytoalongerandharderexerciseroutinetoavoidgettinghurt.Finally,remembertowarmupbeforeexercisingandstretchattheendofyourworkout.So,nowyouknowthebenefitsofexerciseandhowtodoitsafelyandeffectively.Whatareyouwaitingfor?为避免软组织受伤,锻炼时一定要穿戴合适的衣服和护具。此外,刚开始锻炼强度要小,要循序渐进地增加锻炼的时间和强度,以防受伤。最后,记住锻炼前要热身,结束后要拉伸。现在,你己经明白了锻炼的好处,也知道如何安全高效地锻炼。那么,你还在等什么呢?Findingabalance:mytaichiexperience找到平衡:我的太极体验WhenmyfriendfirstsuggestedthatwejointhenewTaiChiClubatschool,Ihesitated.Ialwaysbelievedtaichiwasforoldpeople.Afterthefirstclass,however,IhadtoadmitthatIhadbeenwrongabouttaichi.Itwasamazing!Oneyearlater,Icanhonestlysayithashadahugeeffectonmephysicallyandmentally.Justasimportantly,practisingtaichihasinspiredmetoexploretheChineseculturebehindit.一开始,当朋友建议我们参加学校新成立的太极俱乐部时,我犹豫了。我过去一直觉得太极是老年人的运动。不过,上完第一节课后,我不得不承认,我之前对太极的认识是错误的。太极实在是太神奇了。一年后,我可以实话实说了,太极对我的身心都产生了巨大的影响。同样重要的是,练习太极还激励了我去探索其背后的中国文化。Thefirstfewtaichiclasseswerefunandeasy,andthemovesreallycaughtmyimagination,withdescriptivenameslike"whitecranespreadingitswings"and"goldenroosterstandingononeleg"。WhenIaskedmycoachwheretheseinterestingnamescamefrom,hetoldmeaboutthehistoryoftaichi.ZhangSanfeng,a13th-centuryTaoist,wassaidtohaveinventedtaichiafterdrawinginspirationfromafightbetweenasnakeandabird.However;nowadayspeopletendtobelievethatChenWangling,a17th-centurymasterofChinesemartialarts,developedtaichibasedonmartialartsskills.Nowondersometaichimovesarenamedafteranimals-Chinesemartialartshavealong-standingpracticeofimitatinganimals.ChenWangting'soriginalsetofmovesiscalledChen-styletaichi,butotherstylesoftaichihavesincebeendeveloped,includingYang-style,Wu-styleandSun-style.前几节太极课非常有趣,也不难学,像“白鹤亮翅”“金鸡独立”这些很形象的招式名称确实让我兴趣满满。当我问教练,这些有趣的名称从何而来时,他和我说了太极的历史。传说十三世纪时,一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感,创立了太极。不过如今人们倾向于认为太极是十七世纪的武学大师陈王廷根据武术技巧演化而来的。由于中国武术中模拟动物的做法由来己久,太极的部分招式以动物来命名也就不足为奇了。陈王廷最初创编的招式称为陈氏太极,后来也发展出了其他门类的太极,包括杨式太极、吴氏太极和孙氏太极Afterlearningthebasicsoftaichiinthosefirstfewclasses,Ifoundmyselfboredandachingfromdoingthesamemovesoverandoveragain.Luckily,mycoachtaughtmehowtorelaxmymusclesandfocusonpeaceofmindwhileperformingtheroutine.Withtheserequirementsoftaichiinmind,Ifoundtomysatisfactionthatmybalanceandflexibilityslowlyimproved,thatIwasabletodomoredifficultmoves,andthatmylovefortaichireturnedstrongerthanever.学完前几节太极基础课之后,我发现一遍又一遍重复这些招式让我心生厌倦,而且肌肉酸痛。幸运的是,教练教会了我放松肌肉的方法,以及在日常练习时如何注意心境的平和。将太极的这些要求铭记于心,慢慢地,我发现自己的平衡能力和柔韧性得到了改善,我可以尝试一些难度更大的招式,我对太极的热爱又冋来了,而且比以前更强烈,这令我十分满意。Intime,IbegantolookintotheancientChineseculturebehindtaichi.IdiscoveredthattaichiisdeeplyrootedintheChinesephilosophyofyinandyang,whicharebelievedtoformtheunityofopposites.Neithercanexistindependentoftheother;forexample,thereisnoshadowwithoutlight.Thepracticeoftaichiaimstomaintainthebalanceofyinandyanginthebodythroughoppositemovements:forwardsandbackwards,upanddown,leftandright,breathinginandbreathingout.Eventually,taichibringsaboutastateofphysicalbalanceandmentalpeace.我不失时机地开始探寻太极背后的中国古代文化。我发现,太极深深地扎根于中国的阴阳学说之中。人们认为阴和阳构成了对立统一,彼此不能独立存在,比如,没有光就不会有影子。练习太极旨在通过一些相对的动作一一进退、上下、左右、吐纳一一来维持人体内部的阴阳调和。最终,太极可以带来一种身心平衡的状态。Ayearofpractisingtaichihashadapositiveeffectonmyeverydaylife.Isleepbetteratnight,andIammoreenergeticduringtheday.Ifeelhappierandmoreconfident.Taichihastaughtmetorelaxmymind,enablingmetostaycoolinstressfulsituations.IamsureIwillcontinuetopractisetaichiandenjoythebenefitsithasbroughtme.一年练习太极的经历己经对我的日常生活产生了积极的作用。晚上我睡得更香,白天则精力更充沛。幸福感倍增,人也更加自信。太极让我学会了放松心态,使我在有压力的环境下也能冷静应对。我相信我一定会继续练习太极,并不断地享受太极带给我的好处。2020牛津译林版新教材高中英语必修二unit3课文原文及翻译Alexaroundtheworld亚力克斯环球游记10January,aweddingceremony,India—月十日,一场婚礼,印度WhenNadiminvitedmetohissister'swedding,Iknewitwouldbetheopportunityofalifetime.Iwasdefinitelynotwrong!当纳迪姆邀请我参加他妹妹的婚礼时,我觉得这是个千载难逢的好机会。结果我还真没猜错!Theweddingceremonytookplaceinabrightlydecoratedhotelroom.Therewerehundredsofguests,alldressedupinformal,colourfulclothes.Accordingtotradition,thebridewaswearinganeye-catchingredsilksari.婚礼在一间装饰华美的酒店包房内举行。到场宾客数以百计,个个身若色彩艳丽的礼服。遵照传统,新娘身穿一袭分外夺目的红丝绸莎丽。Ididnotunderstandallofthetraditionalcustoms,butafewmadeadeepimpressiononme.Onewasthebridegroom'sentranceonabeautifulwhitehorse.Ihadneverseenthatbackhome!AnotherwasthepartwhenNadim'sfatherproudlyledhisdaughterthroughtherowsofseatstoherhusband.Itremindedmeofmysister'swedding.Althoughourculturesaresodifferent,thesmilingfacesarethesame.不是所有的传统习俗我都了解,但有一些给我留下了深刻的印象。一个是新郎入场时竟骑着一匹俊美的白马。这我在国内可从未见过!再就是纳迪姆的父亲自豪地领着女儿,穿过一排排座位走向新郎的环节。这一幕让我想起了我妹妹的婚礼。尽管文化殊异,但含笑的面孔却是一样的。Thecustomsthatfollowedwereanythingbutordinary.Thecouplejoinedhandsandwalkedaroundasmallfirefourtimes.Thentheytooksevenstepstogetherbythefire,andwitheachstepmadeadifferentpromiseabouthowtheyweregoingtosupporteachotherandlivetogetherhappily.Itwasveryromantic!接下来的风俗也都不同寻常。新婚夫妇携手围着一个小火堆走上四圈,然后在火堆旁一起走七步,每走一步,都要立一条誓言,誓言里讲的都是二人将来会如何相互扶持,如何幸福地共同生活。真是太浪漫了!Aftertheceremony,itwastimeforthecelebrations.Thatisastoryforanotherday,butlet'sjustsaytherewasalotofdancing.NowIknowIhavetwoleftfeet...andbothofthemhurt!仪式之后,就是欢庆的时刻了。这个话题改日再聊,但是先这么说吧,舞跳了不少。现在我只知道我有两只左脚,而且都疼得不行!26February,RioCarnival,Brazil 月二十六日,里约狂欢节,巴西ThesummerheathitmeassoonasIgotofftheflight.NowonderpeoplefromRiotakeaweekoffforthishappyoccasion.Icouldfeelitalready-theCarnivalwasintheair!一下飞机,就有一股暑热袭来。难怪里约人民要为这个欢乐的庆典休息一个星期。我己经感觉到了一一这狂欢节的气氛!ToexperiencethespiritoftheCarnivalformyselfIwenttoastreetparty.Luckily,Iarrivedjustintime-theshowwasabouttobeginasItookmyplaceinthemerrycrowd.Icouldseeagroupofaround20Braziliandancersandabandinfancycostumesstandinginthestreet.Someofthemcarriedflags,whichblewinthewind.Thecrowdwaitedwithexcitement.为了切身体验狂欢节的精神,我加入了一个街头派对。来得早不如来得巧一一我刚在欢乐的人群中找好位置,表演就要开始了。我看到一群人,其中有大约二十名巴西舞者以及一支乐队,他们身若华丽的服装站在街头,有人还拿希旗子,旗子随风飘荡养。人们激动地翘首以待。Thentherewasanexplosionofbrightcoloursandlivelymusic,andthegroupjumpedintoaction.Thebandstartedplayinganenergeticsambabeat,thedancerstwistedandturned,andthecrowdbegantocheer,clapandsing.Thewholegroupstartedmarchingdownthestreet.TheCarnivalcurrentcarriedusthroughtheever-growingseaofpeople,dancingalltheway.Iceboxesofsoftdrinksandbeerlinedthenarrowstreets,andthesmellofroastedmeatfilledtheairaswepassedwaveafterwaveofstreetstands.IwassocaughtupinthepartyfeverthatIhardlynoticedfivehoursflyby!突然,鲜艳的色彩和热烈的音乐喷薄而出,歌舞队应声一跃而起。乐队奏起劲爆的桑巴节拍,跳舞的人扭动腰身,人群开始欢呼、鼓掌、歌唱。歌舞队全体开始沿街前行。狂欢节的人潮裹挟希我们在越来越浩瀚的人海中穿行,走一路跳一路。装希饮料啤酒的冰柜沿狭长的街道一溜排开,当我们经过一波又一波的街边摊时,空气中弥漫着烤肉的香味。我深深地沉迷于派对的狂热中,不知不觉五个小时己经过去了。EvenasIlayinbedthatevening,thebrightcoloursandlivelymusicwerestillswimmingallaroundme.WhatanamazingfirstdayinRio!即使晚上我躺在床上的时候,那鲜艳的色彩和热烈的音乐依然在我脑海中盘旋游弋。里约首日,多么奇妙的一天!Apreciousfamilydinner弥足珍贵的团圆饭Itisjustpastfiveo'clockontheChineseNewYear'sEve,andthedinnertableisalreadycoveredwithwhitechinaplatesandbowls,fullofallsortsofdishes:chicken,duck,pork,fishandvegetables.LuoYan,29,liftsthecoverofalargebowltobreatheintherichsmellofthesouphiswifeandmotherhaveprepared.LuoYan'sson,Bofeng,happilytakesabiteofthechickenhisgrandfatherhasselectedforhim.除夕刚过五点钟,饭桌上己经摆满了白瓷碗碟、鸡鸭鱼肉和蔬菜,满满当当的各色菜肴。二十九岁的罗言掀开一个大碗的盖子,嗅着母亲和妻子煲的汤所散发出的浓香。他的儿子博峰美滋滋地咬了一口爷爷给挑好的鸡肉。Six-year-oldBofenghasnotseenhisgrandparentsforalmostayear;andheisfullofjoyandexcitement.Indeed,thewholefamilycouldnotbehappiertobetogether.Despitethecoldoutside,theirhappyfacesfilltheairwithwarmthwhilemerrylaughterringsthroughoutthehouse.LuoYanandhiswifeandsonhavesettledinthebigcity,farawayfromtheirhometown.Everyyear,theytravelbackfortheSpringFestival,fortheirdreamof"threegenerationsunderthesameroof".六岁的博峰都快一年没见爷爷奶奶了,他满心喜悦和激动。的确,一家人再没有比团团圆圆更高兴的事了。虽然外面天寒地冻,他们幸福的脸庞却让屋内的空气暖洋洋的,欢声笑语处处可闻。罗言一家三口己经在大城市定居,离家乡很远。不过,他们每年都冋老家过春节,以实现他们“三代同堂”的梦想。TheLuofamily'sjourneybacktotheirhometownwasalongandtiringonejustafewyearsago.However,thehigh-speedtrainhasmadeitmuchmoreconvenientforthemtogobackhome.Duringthefive-hourtrip,theychattedexcitedlywitheachother;theirmindsfullofthoughtsabouttheirsweethome.几年前,罗言一家的冋乡之旅还是漫长而劳顿的。如今有了高铁,回趟家就方便多了。五个小时的旅途,三人兴高采烈地聊若天,心中想的全是甜蜜的家。Ontheirarrival,theyfindLuo'sparentseagerlywaitingforthem.Theirhomehasbeenspeciallydecoratedforthejoyousoccasion.Fromtheneatdesignsofthepaper-cuttingsonthewindows,totheSpringFestivalcoupletsonthedoor;andtotheNewYearpaintingsonthewall,everythingrepresentsjoy,luckandhappiness.Eventhefishontheplateexpressesahopeforniannianyouyu-yumeansboth"fish"and"plenty"inChinese-"Mayyougetmorethanyouwishforeveryyear".刚到家,他们就发现父母早就翘首以待了。家中己经为这个喜庆的场合特别布置了一番。从窗上贴得整整齐齐的剪纸,到门上的春联,再到墙上的年画,无不象征养欢乐、吉祥和幸福。就连盘中的那条鱼也表达了对年年有余的企盼——在汉语中“鱼''“余”谐音一一祝愿每年的收获都能多于期望。Afterdinner;thehoursuntilmidnightgoslowlyby.ThewholefamilyaregoingtostayuplateontheChineseNewYear'sEve.TheygatheraroundthetelevisiontowatchtheSpringFestivalGala,whileeatingsnacks,chattingwitheachotherandmakingdumplingsthattheywilleatattheverystartofthenewyear.Inthewarmthandcomfortoftheroom,LuoYantalksabouthisplanforthefuture.Thopewewon'thavetobeseparatedagain/'hesays,lookingathisageingparents."Myparentsaregettingold,andweshouldspendmoretimewiththem.We'llcomebackmorefrequentlyandwe'realsoconsideringtakingthemtothecitytolivewithus.Afterall,homeiswhereallfamilymembersaretogether."年夜饭后到午夜前的这几个小时缓慢地流淌着。除夕之夜,一家人都要熬夜守岁。他们围坐在电视机前看春节联欢晚会,一边吃君零食,聊着天,一边包若新年伊始要吃的饺子。在温暖舒适的房间中,罗言讲了他未来的打算。“我希望我们不用再分开了,”他看着年迈的父母,“我爸妈年纪大了,我们应该多陪陪他们。我们会回家回得更勒一点,也考虑着把二老接到城里,跟我们一起生活。不管怎么说,一家人在哪,哪就是家。”Asmidnightapproaches,LuoYantakeshisparents,wifeandsonoutsidetosetofffirecrackers.Thewholevillageislitupwithcolourfulfireworks.Alloverthecountry,peoplearecelebratingtheirgoodfortune,celebratingtheirfamily'stogetherness,andcelebratingtheirnation'sstrength.午夜将至,罗言带着父母妻儿到屋外放鞭炮。五颜六色的烟花把整个村子都照亮了。举国上下,人们都在庆祝自己的好福气,庆祝合家团聚,庆祝祖国富强。unit4Thewonderofliterature文学的奇妙之处Achildandamanwerewalkingonthebeachwhenthechildfoundashellandheldittohisear.Suddenlyheheardstrange,lowmusicalsounds.Thesesoundsseemedtobefromanotherworldandthechildlistenedtothemwithwonder.Thenthemanexplainedthatthechildheardnothingstrange,andthattheshellcaughtarangeofsoundstoofaintforhumanears.Whatamazedthechildwasnotanewworld,buttheunnoticedmusicoftheold.孩子和男人在海滩上散步,孩子发现了一枚贝壳,把它放到了耳边。突然,他听到了奇怪、低沉、悦耳的声音。这声音仿佛来自另一个世界,孩子听后十分惊奇。随后那个男人解释说,孩子听到的声音没有什么奇怪的,只不过是贝壳捕捉到了种种对于人的耳朵来说过于微弱的声音而己。让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界,而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。Somesuchexperienceasthisliesinstoreforuswhenwebeginthestudyofliterature.Letalittlesongappealtotheear,oragreatbooktotheheart,andwediscoveranewworld,aworldofdreamsandmagic.Toenterandenjoythisnewworld,weneedtoloveliterature,andmakeanefforttoexplainit.Behindeverybookisaman,behindthemanistherace,andbehindtheracearethenaturalandsocialenvironments.Wemustknowallthese,ifthebookistospeakitswholemessage.Inaword,wehavenowreachedapointwherewewishtoenjoyandunderstandliterature.Thefirststepistodeterminesomeofitssignificantqualities.当我们开始学习文学的时候,我们也会有如此这般的体验。让一首小曲愉悦我们的耳朵,或者让一部巨著触动我们的心灵,这样我们就会发现一个全新的世界,一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。要进入这个新世界,并享受其中的乐趣,我们需要热爱文学,并尽力去解读它。每本书背后都有一个人,此人身后是一个族群,这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。如果要了解一本书所传递的全部信息,我们就必须要了解所有这些内容。总之,我们现在己经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。第一步是确定它的一些重要特质。Thefirstqualityofliteratureisitsdescriptionoftruthandbeauty,Sometruthandbeautyremainunnoticeduntilasensitivehumansoulbringsthemtoourattention,justastheshellreflectstheunnoticedsounds.Ahundredmenmaypassafieldandseeonlydeadgrass;butapoetstops,looksdeeper;seestruthandbeauty,andwrites,"Yesterday'sflowersamI."Onewhoreadsitiscapableofseeingthebeautythatwashiddenfromhiseyesbefore.文学的第一个特质是它对真与美的描写。一些真与美一直被忽视,直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意,正如贝壳捕捉到了我们未曾注意的声音一样。一百个人走过田野,眼中所见的可能都只是枯草,而诗人驻足,看得更深,他看到了真与美,遂写下:“昨日之花即是我。”读了这句诗的人便能看到以前隐匿在眼前的美。Thesecondqualityofliteratureisitsappealtoourfeelingsandimagination.Itsattractionliesmoreinwhatitawakensinusthanwhatitsays.WhenChristopherMarlowe'sDoctorFaustusasksinthepresenceofHelen,"Wasthisthefacethatlaunchedathousandships?"heopensadoorthroughwhichourimaginationentersanewworld,aworldoflove,beautyandheroism.文学的第二个特质是在于它能打动我们的情感,启发我们的想象力。文学的魅力更多在于它唤起了我们什么,而不在于它说了什么。当克里斯托弗•马洛笔下的浮士德博士当着海伦的面问道:“这就是那张让上千艘战舰为之起航的面庞吗?”他便打开了一扇门,通过这扇门,我们的想象力进入了一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的新世界。Thethirdqualityofliterature,comingoutoftheothertwo,isitspermanence.Toachievethis,itshouldcontaintwoelements:universalinterestandpersonalstyle.Goodliteraturereflectsthemostbasicofhumannature-loveandhate,joyandsadness,fearandhope.Italsotakesonapersonalstyle-nowritercandescribehumanlifewithoutreflectinghisownlifeandexperiences.文学的第三个特质是其持久的生命力,它源于前两个特质。要实现这一点,它须包含两个要素:广泛的关切和个人的风格。好的文学作品反映了人性最基本的内涵一一爱与恨、喜与悲、恐惧与希望。它也带有个人风格一一没有哪个作家能够在描写人类的生活时不反映其个人生活和经历。Insummary,literatureistheexpressionoflifeinformsoftruthandbeauty,thewrittenrecordofman'sthoughtsandfeelings,andthehistoryofthehumansoul.总之,文学以真和美的形式对生命的表达,是人类思想和感情的写照,是人类灵魂的历史。AdaptedfromWilliamJ.Long'sEnglishLiterature:ItsHistoryandItsSignificancefortheLifeoftheEnglish-SpeakingWorld)(改编自威廉・J.朗恩的《英语文学:历史及其对英语世界生活的意义》)TheoldManandtheSea《老人与海》(Excerpt)(节选)ErnestHemingway(1899-1961),anAmericanwriterofnovelsandshortstories,iswellthoughtofforhisuniquewritingstyle.Heisextremelygoodatdescribingtheadventuresoftoughmenwhohebelieves“canbedestroyedbutnotdefeated".TheOldManandtheSea,oneofhismostimportantnovels,tellsthestoryofafishermannamedSantiago.Aftercominginempty-handedforeighty-fourdays,Santiagoattemptstocatchahugefish.欧内斯特•海明威(1899-1961),美国小说家、短篇小说作家,因其独特的写作风格而广受好评。他非常擅长描写硬汉们的冒险经历,他认为那些硬汉“可以被毁灭但不能被打败”。《老人与海》是他最重要的小说之一,讲述了一个名叫圣地亚哥的渔夫的故事。在两手空空八十四天后,圣地亚哥试图捕一条大鱼。Thefishwascominginonhiscirclenowcalmandbeautifullookingandonlyhisgreattailmoving.Theo

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