2017人教版八年级下英语现在完成时语法讲解

have/has+been+to+地点”现在完成时(IIhave/has+been+to+地点”1•构成：含有be动词的现在完成时的谓语部分由构成，表示：曾经去过某地…(been是be的过去分词，不规则变化)基本句型：(1)肯定句：主语+have/has+been+to+地点.eg:IhavebeentoAustralia.TheyhavebeentoBeijing.HehasbeentoSouthAfrica.否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+been+to+地点.eg:Ihaven'beentoAustralia.Theyhaven'beentoBeijing.Hehasn'tbeentoSouthAfrica.—般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+to+地点？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has・否定回答：主语+haventhasn't.eg:HaveyoubeentoAustralia?Yes,Ihave.No.Ihavent.'Yes,theyHavetheybeentoBeijing?have.No,theyhaven'.tYes,heHashebeentoSouthAfrica?has.No,hehasn't.⑷特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been?eg：Wherehaveyoubeen?Wherehavetheybeen?Wherehashebeen?用法：用来表示之前已经发生和完成度的动作与状态，其结果却和现在有联系动作和结果发生在过去，但它的影响现在还在•可以和never,ever,once,twice,three/fourtimes等畐U词连用•eg:TheyhavebeentoChongqingtwiceIhaveneverbeentoSichuan.HassheeverbeentoHainan?3h区Veknownhersincethen.UIK；(1)■从那时起我as认识e了，一地认识，表示ow是曾经去过某地，已经回来了IUIK；2•非延续性动词：也成终止性动词2•2•非延续性动词：也成终止性动词(2).have/hasgoneto+地点表示：去了某地，还没有回来：eg:ShehasbeentoShanghai.（她去过上海，已经回来了）ShehasgonetoShanghai.（她去了上海，还没有回来）（3）.havebeenin表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用eg:IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears•我至U上海已有三年了。HehasbeeninLondonforhalfamonth.他来伦敦已有半个月了。⑷.havebeenon表示“已经开始了多久表示持续性”eg:Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已经开始了10分钟了。例题：1—Whereisyourbrother?—Hetheshop.He'IIbebacksoon.—youevertoAmerica—Yes,INewYorktwice.—DavidAustralia.—I'msurehasalreadyarrived.——IsBennyhere?—No,he___theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.Mikeandhisparentsthesouthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.shetheshop.Youcan'tfindhim.H__Xi'an.Mr.Zhangthisschoolfortenyears.Heknowseveryonehere.Miss.BrownChinathreetimes.ItheWestlake,Look,Ihavetakenmanyphotosofit.TomJim'shome,buthehasn'tcomeback.Wethebookshopandboughtmanybooks.MyparentsShandongfortenyears.现在完成时（山）语法知识动词按其动作发牛的方式，发牛过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作，也可以表示经验与经历.eg:learn,work,stand,lie,walk,sleep,keep,wait,watch,sing,read,stay,live延续性动词可以与臥和sinceJ引导的时间状语连用：eg:Hehaslivedherefor6years.（他在这儿住了六年了，一直住在这儿，live是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住下去）Ihaveknownhersincethen.(自从那时起我就认识她了，一直都认识，know是延续性动词)非延续性动词：也成终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束.eg:open,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy,die…非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的时间状语连用，常用的时间状语有twoyearsago,at56clock,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,thismornin等表示过去的时间eg:Hisgrandmotherdied10yearsago.Shefinishedtheworkat6oclock.非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换(常用)(1)•转化为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时态eg:borrow宀keepbuy宀haveputonfweargettoknowfknowgettosleepfsleepcatchacoldfhaveacold.(2)・・・・转化为.•••“•••be+形容词/副词・/介词/名词”eg:begin/startfbeonopenfbeopenleavefbeaway（from）getupfbeupgooutfbeoutdiefbedeadgetto/arrivein（at）fbein+地点/reachfinishfbeoverfallillfbeillfallasleepfbeasleepjoinfbein+活动/组织gotoschoolfbeinschoolbecomefbemakefriendsfbefriendsclosefbeclosedgotobedfbeinbedcome/gofbe+相应的介词短语例：下面是句子的同义句转换将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时eg:1.Theoldmandiedfouryearsago.（一般过去时）Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfouryears.（现在完成时，将die变为bedead）Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefouryearsago（现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点）2.Iborrowedthebookfivedaysago.Ihavekeptthebookforfivedays.theIhavekeptthebook[sincefivedaysago.Hehashadthe4.Shewenttoschooltwodaysago.Heboughtthebikethreeyearsago.

Hehashadbikeforthreeyears.Mysisterbebciakmeesiancneurtshereoenyeeyaersaraaggoo..Mysisterhasbeenanurseforoneyear.beenanursesinceoneyear.year.Shehasbeeninschoolfortwodays.Shehasbeeninschoolsincetwodaysago.Mysisterhas例havdknLwLeheoinnd^hhePartythreeyearsag。（同义句）（自从那时起我就认识她了，一直都认hePakyow是延续性hree）years.这种动作发生后2非延续性动词：也成终正性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后2.MyfatherleftGuizhoulastweek.（同义句）MyfatherGuizhouaweek.MyfatherGuizhoulastweek.Thefactoryopenedin佃96.（同义句）Thefactorytenyears.Thefactorysince佃96.Mr.WangreachedBeijingfivedaysago.Mr.WangBeijingfivedaysago.Mr.WangBeijingfivedays.Thefil