考研考博-英语-扬州市职业大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-扬州市职业大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Iamsurethatwithyourremarkableabilityandrichexperience,thecurrentsessionyou______overwillbeasuccess.

问题1选项

A.presume

B.propel

C.preside

D.prick

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项presume“假定；推测；擅自；意味着”；B选项propel“推进；驱使；激励；驱策”；C选项preside“负责；主持”；D选项“戳；扎破；（使）感到刺痛”。根据固定搭配presideover“主持；执掌；负责；管理”可知句意为：我相信，以你卓越的能力和丰富的经验，你主持的本届会议将取得成功。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Unlikephilosopherswhoconstructedtheoreticallyidealstates,shebuiltatheorybasedon（

）;thus,althoughherconstructsmayhavebeeninelegant,theywere（

）sound.

问题1选项

A.ellectually

B.surmise...scientifically

C.experience...empirically

D.conjecture...factually

【答案】C

【解析】名词和副词词义辨析。A选项的intuition“直觉”；intellectually“智力上，理智地”；B选项的surmise“猜测，猜想”；scientifically“合乎科学地，系统地”；C选项的experience“经验，阅历”；empirically“以经验为主地”；D选项的conjecture“推测，猜想，揣摩”；factually“事实地，确实地”。根据句意‘与那些构建理论上完美理想状态的哲学家不同，她以经验为依据建立其理论，因此，尽管她的概念可能比较粗糙，但它们从经验主义的角度看却是切实可行的’确定C选项正确。

3.单选题

______dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

问题1选项

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒装结构。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装；whatever后面常跟名词；as引导让步状语从句时，结构为：形容词/副词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语；however引导让步状语从句时，后面跟形容词或副词。句意：不管他有多迟钝，他无疑是一位非常成功的高管。

4.单选题

Thepublicattachedgreatimportancetothenewsthatpricesofhousingwouldbebroughtundercontrol.

问题1选项

A.joined

B.ascribed

C.fastened

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。attach表示“依附，附加”，attachimportanceto表示“重视，着重于”；A项join“参加”，B项ascribe“归因于，归咎于”，C项fasten“使之固定”，D项divert“转移”。句意：公众对房价将得到控制的消息非常重视。根据句意可知，只有ascribe能与greatimportance匹配，故该题B项正确。

5.单选题

Ourattitudetowardourteachersshouldbe（）,butnotslavishorsuperstitious.

问题1选项

A.respectable

B.respected

C.respective

D.respectful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相当数量的”；B选项respected“受尊敬的”；C选项respective“分别的，各自的”；D选项respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”。句意：我们对待老师的态度应该是恭敬的，但却不应该是盲从的或迷信的。根据句中“Ourattitudetowardourteacher我们对待老师的态度”可知“恭敬的”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

The（）forspeedingisafineofonehundredandfiftydollars.

问题1选项

A.penalty

B.benefit

C.criticism

D.remedy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项penalty“罚款，罚金”；B选项benefit“利益，好处”；C选项criticism“批评，考证”；D选项remedy“补救，疗法补救”。句意：超速的惩罚是罚款150美元。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Dubai’sreputationastheGulfsfinancialandcommercialhubhastakenabatteringsinceitsurprisedfinancialmarketinNovemberbyaskingtorestructure$26millionindebts.

Asianeedstobitethebulletifitwantstoavoidanothercycleofbubblesandbusts.Assoothingashighgrowthnowfeels,itneedstoberestrainedbyhigherinterestratesandappreciatingexchangeratestosustain.

Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Thesepassion,likegreatwinds,haveblownmehitherandthither,inawayward(任意的，不定的)course,overadeepoceanofanguish,reachingtotheveryvergeofdespair.(5%)

【答案】去年11月，迪拜要求对2600万美元债务进行重组，震惊了整个经融市场，它作为海湾地区的经融和商业中心的声望遭受重创。

如果亚洲想要避免另一个循环的泡沫和萧条，那么它需要忍受巨大痛苦。如今的高增长虽然让人欣慰，但是它的持续需要通过更高的利率和升值汇率来加以约束。

三种平凡却又异常强烈的感情主宰着我的人生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难的难以忍受的怜悯。这些激情像狂风，把我任意吹向四方，掠过苦痛的大海，迫使我濒临绝望的边缘。

8.单选题

Icouldn’theartheprogrambecausetherewastoomuch（

）.

问题1选项

A.grasp

B.globe

C.superior

D.interference

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我听不清节目，因为干扰太大。

考查名词辨析。Grasp紧抓,紧握,控制,理解(力);globe地球,世界(尤用以强调其大);superior级别(或地位、职位)更高的人,上级,上司;interference干涉,干预,介入,(无线电信号的)干扰。故D符合句意。

9.单选题

（）workingonhiscompositionthedaybefore,hewouldhavefinisheditbynow.

问题1选项

A.Wouldhestart

B.Hadhestarted

C.Ifheistostart

D.Ifhewasstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由thedaybefore后半句wouldhavefinishedbynow可知空格处发生的动作发生在过去，是对过去事实的虚拟，从句用had+Ved.故B项正确。句意：如果他昨天就开始写作的话，他现在就已经完成了。故B项正确。

10.单选题

Forpeoplewithhearingdifficulties,telephoneswithvolumecontrolsprovidethebest（

）.

问题1选项

A.answer

B.response

C.result

D.solution

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“答案”；B选项“反应”；C选项“结果”；D选项“解决方法”。句意：对那些有听力障碍的人，有音量控制的手机提供了最好的（）。有音量控制的手机为听力障碍的人解决了一个生活中的难题，所以手机是一个解决办法，所以答案选D。

11.单选题

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelintenyears.

问题1选项

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】soared飙升；mutated突变，变异；plummeted骤然下跌；fluctuated波动。根据下句“lowestlevelintenyears”可推测，这里指下跌，所以选项C符合语境。

12.单选题

Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe_______totouristspending?

问题1选项

A.attributed

B.applied

C.contributed

D.attached

【答案】A

【解析】attributed把...归于,归属;applied应用,实施;contributed贡献,有助于...;attached附加,伴随。句意：在旅游胜地或附近的商店的销售额中,有多大比例可以归因于游客的消费?选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Therewerebitterdisputesoverpatentrightsduringtheearlyyearsofthemotionpictureindustry.

问题1选项

A.scandals

B.disappointment

C.strikes

D.disagreements

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。dispute表示“争议”。A项scandal“丑闻，流言蜚语”，B项disappointment“失望，沮丧”，C项strike“罢工，抗拒”，D项disagreement“不一致，争论”；句意：在电影工业的早期，有过关于专利权的激烈争论。根据句意该题选D。

14.单选题

EuropeisfollowingtheDutchleadandtakingthegreenmovementtothemanufacturersofwhitegoodsandelectronics.AspateoflegislationemergingfromBrusselsaimsultimatelytoholdmanufacturersresponsibleforthefateoftheirproductsalongafterthey’veleftstoreshelvesorcarshowrooms.They’rebeingtoldtheymustensurethatasmuchas85percentoftheirproductsberecycledorreused,andtheremainderdisposedofinenvironmentallysoundways.

Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.Acomputerbuiltinthe1960slasted10yearsonaverage;nowtheyarescrappedinjustfour.Inthepastmorethan90percentofthisdetritushadbeenburiedinlandfills.Europe'sjunkheapofelectronicgoodsnowweighs6milliontonsandwilldoublein12years.Allthiswasteistakinganobvioustollontheplanet.

EvenatthisearlystageinEurope'srecyclingexperiment,thoughthenewlawshavealreadycausedunintendedproblems.SomeEuropeancountrieshavebeencaughtwhollyunprepared.Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincinerators（焚化炉）throughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials.TheEUwillsoonbantheuseofthelead,ahazardoussubstancethat’sbeenusedfordecadestosoldercircuitboards.Electronicscompaniesarestrugglingtofindalternatives.“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.

Businessleadersalsowarnofexcessivecosts.“Societyandthepoliticianshaveanotherobjectivehere;tomovecostsontoindustry,”saysViktorSundberg,EuropeanaffairsdirectorofSwedishmanufacturerElectrolux.Inevitablysomeofthosecostswilltrickledowntotheconsumer.Andthere'sthestickyproblemofassigningresponsibility.Isonemanufacturerliableforrecyclingtheproductsofaformerrivalthathasgoneoutofbusiness?Shouldcarmakerspayfordismemberingvehiclesbuiltyearsbeforethedirectivetookeffect?Europehasn'tworkedouttheseissues.

Thenewrecyclinglawsmaynotcostasmuchasonemightthink.Manyofthenewtargetsareonlyincrementallytougherthanexistingones.Carmakers,forinstance,willinfiveyearshavetorecycleorreuse80percent,byweight,oftheiroldcars.Butinthemoreeco-consciousnorthernstates,theyalreadyvoluntarilyrecycle60percent.Thatmaybewhymanufacturershavegreetedthenewrulesmeekly.FordclaimsthatitslatestFiestahatchback,newlybuiltfortheEuropeanmarket,isalready85percentrecyclable;that'sapowerfulimagefortheneweco-friendlymanufacturing,providedEurope’smedicineworkswithouttoomanysideEffects.

1.Theauthorsays“somethingsurelyneedstobedone”because（

）.

2.Theword“inundate”(underlinedinparagraph3)probablymeans

（

）.

3.WhatdisturbselectronicscompaniesmostaccordingtoMichelleONeill?

4.Welearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theenvironmenthasalreadybeenseriouslypolluted.

B.someproductsarereplacedatafasterratethanbefore

C.Europedoesn'thaveenoughplacestoburythediscardedgoods

D.someelectronicgoodswillnotdecayiftheyareburied

问题2选项

A.overwhelm

B.destroy

C.flood

D.pollute

问题3选项

A.Theproductionofrecyclingfacilitiesfallsfarshortofdemand.

B.Thedestructionofelectronicproductswillcostalotofmoney.

C.Thewaste-disposalprocessinvolvesadvancedtechnology.

D.Someessentialmaterialshavetobereplaced.

问题4选项

A.Manufacturersarereluctanttospendalargesumofmoneyonrecyclingtheirproducts.

B.Manufacturerswillshoulderalargerproportionofthecostsofrecycling.

C.InnovativeEuropeanlawsdon’tdefineclearlyhowtoassigntheresponsibility.

D.InnovativeEuropeanlawsarenotapplicableinmanydevelopingcountries.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.（一定要做点什么。近几十年来，消费者已经习惯了越来越快的硬件周转）可知B选项“某些产品的更换速度比以前快”符合题意。

2.词义题。由文章第三段中的Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincineratorsthroughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.（由于新的法规，整个欧洲的废物场和焚烧炉都被硬件……现在即将上线的回收设施面临六个月的积压）可知“inundate”为动词，由后面的回收设备积压时间长，可推测前面的废物长和焚烧炉应该是被硬件覆盖、堆积淹没。flood侧重于被水淹没，而overwhelm则侧重于情感方面，指被强烈的感情淹没而不知所措，因此选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials...“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.（另一个问题是：更换坏的但必要的材料……“这对我们来说可能是一个比废物处理条例更大的挑战，”位于布鲁塞尔的惠普说客MichelleONeill说）可知D选项“必须更换一些基本材料”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Andthere'sthestickyproblemofassigningresponsibility...Europehasn'tworkedouttheseissues.（还有一个棘手的问题就是分配责任……欧洲还没有解决这些问题）可知C选项“创新的欧洲法律没有明确规定如何分配责任”符合题意。

15.单选题

Accordingtothe“Geneva（）’’noprisonersofwarshallbesubjecttoabuse.

问题1选项

A.Customs

B.Congresses

C.Conventions

D.Routines

【答案】C

【解析】固定用法。GenevaConventions指的是“日内瓦公约”。

16.单选题

Inthecapaciousareasoftherailwayterminal,thousandsoftouristslingeredwhilewaitingfortheirtrain.

问题1选项

A.spacious

B.energetic

C.beautiful

D.capable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项spacious“广阔的”；B选项energetic“精力充沛的”；C选项beautiful“美丽的”；D选项capable“有能力的”。句意：在铁路终点站广阔的区域里，成千上万的游客徘徊着等待他们的火车。划线部分capacious是广阔的意思。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Abroadcastingstationwillsometimes（）toitslistenersaprogrammewhichithasreceivedfromanotherstation.

问题1选项

A.rely

B.relay

C.relate

D.reside

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。rely“依靠”；relay“转播”；relate“联系”；reside“居住，留守”。句意:有时候一个广播电台会将其所收到的其他电台的节目转播给听众。选项B符合题意。

18.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

随着年岁的增长，精力日减，效率渐低，作风渐延：激情有失，理智有增。看来，这样的互易不可能总是得失相当的。但是，一定的年龄总有一定的长处。因此，可以告慰的是，即使你已度过了部分盛年，在未来的经历中，依然会有另一种盛年期的出现。某些重要的盛年期似乎在人生后期才达到顶峰。

原始人一旦由于周围的许多令人愉快的情景而第一次开口大笑了，又由于笑对周围所产生的那些明显的愉快的效果，笑就开始具有了人类社会所特有的价值。具有用爽朗的笑声来传播愉快能力的人，开始比他的较为严肃、古板的同事更能享受到社会的优惠，从而使自己处于有利的地位。他成了个“善于交际的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推举的人，受到社会的喜爱。

当今的世界，即非丝绸之路的吋代，亦非马可波罗(MarcoPolo)吋代。从上海去东京，只需两个多小时。从中国区地球另一端的美国，也能在日历的同一天到达。昔日遥远的地理距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人难以置信的程度。这是人类文明的共同成果。

【答案】Asweage,wetradestrengthforingenuity,speedforthoroughnessandpassionforreason.Theseexchangesmaynotalwaysseemfair,butateveryage,therearesomeadvantages.Soitisreassuringtonotethatevenifyou’vepassedsomeofyour“primes”,youstillhaveotherprimeyearstoexperienceinthefuture.Itseemsthatsomeprimeperiodwillreachitspeaklaterinourlife.

Oncetheprimitivemenburstoutlaughingforthefirsttimebecauseofsomethingpleasantaroundthem,andthenthelaughbringstheobviouslypleasanteffectaround,thelaughhashadvaluethatthehumanbeingsisholding.Thepersonwhopossessestheabilitytospreadhappinessbybrightandclearlaughwillgetmoresocialbenefitsthanhisseriousandstuffycolleagues,whichgetshiminanadvantageousposition.Thushebecomesa“goodmixer”whoiscommendedbyothers,especiallygiftedsocially.

TheworldtodayisneithertheeraofSilkRoad,northeageofMarcoPolo.ItjusttakesabouttwohoursfromShanghaitoTokyo.Onthesamedayonthecalendar,youalsocanarriveintheUnitedStatesontheothersideoftheearthfromChina.Thefargeographicdistanceoftheolddayshasbeenshortenedtoanunbelievableextentbymodernscienceandtechnology.It’sthecommonachievementsbroughtaboutbytheprogressofhumancivilization.

19.单选题

（）ofthethreesistersyouchoosetomarry,youwillhaveagoodwife.

问题1选项

A.Whichever

B.Which

C.Whatever

D.Any

【答案】A

【解析】考查让步状语从句。无论三个姐妹你选择哪一个结婚，你都将拥有一个好妻子。A选项whichever“无论哪一个”，B选项which，“哪个”，C选项whatever“无论什么”，D选项any“任何的”，C选项whichever，“不论哪个”引导让步状语从句时，相当于nomatterwhich，其意为“无论哪个”“不管哪个”，在句中充当定语或者宾语，例如：Whicheveryouchoose,theotherswillbeoffended.无论你选哪个，都会冒犯其余的人。D选项any不能引导让步状语从句。句意：不论这三个姐姐你选哪一个结婚，你都将有一个好妻子。综上所述，本题选A选项正确。

20.单选题

（）theassignmentsareturnedin

beforetheendofthisweek.

问题1选项

A.Seeitthat

B.Makeitsurethat

C.Assurethat

D.Seethat

【答案】D

【解析】句意：务必在本周末之前交作业。seethat指务必,

保证。选项A,B中it多余,assure的主语一般是人,

用法为sb.assurethat...,

所以只有选项D正确。

21.单选题

Thecarinfront____suddenlyatthetrafficlight.

问题1选项

A.pulledin

B.pulledinto

C.pulledup

D.pulledthrough

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pulledin停下B.pulledinto驶入……后停下，如进站、进车库等

C.pulledup慢慢停下D.pulledthrough渡过难关

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析

【解题思路】空格处所填的内容，受副词suddenly“突然地”修饰，并且主语为“前面的车”，后文为“在红绿灯处”，参考选项推断原句表达的句意为“前面的车在红绿灯那突然停下”。因此，A选项“停下”符合原句句意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项pulledinto侧重于指驶入某处后停下，如进站、进车库等，与“在红绿灯处”矛盾；

C选项pulledup侧重于指慢慢停下，与suddenly“突然地”矛盾；

D选项pulledthrough“渡过难关”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】前面的车在红绿灯那突然停下。

22.单选题

Thetravelagencyhasafullprogramof（）,iftouristswishtovisitlocalplacesofinterest.

问题1选项

A.expeditions

B.excursions

C.explorations

D.propositions

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果游客想游览当地的名胜古迹，旅行社有一套完整的短途旅行计划。

考查名词辨析。expedition远征，探险;excursion远足，短程旅行;exploration探测；proposition命题，提议。根据“当地的名胜古迹”可知四个选项中，B项正确。

23.单选题

Youmustbe（

）whenbuyingausedcar;besuretheengineisingoodcondition.

问题1选项

A.weary

B.zealous

C.wary

D.wily

【答案】C

【解析】weary疲倦的，厌烦的；zealous热心的，积极的；wary谨慎的，考虑周到的；wily狡猾的，诡计多端的。句意：当你买二手车时一定要小心谨慎，确保发动机处于良好状态。选项C符合句意。

24.单选题

Inmostcasespoliticiansare（）astheyseldomtellthetruth.

问题1选项

A.skeptical

B.pessimistic

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A:skeptical“怀疑的，多疑的”；B:pessimistic“悲观的”；C:incredulous“怀疑的”；D:incredible“难以相信的”。句意：在大多数情况下，政治家都是难以相信的，因为他们很少说实话。结合此处句意，政治家很少说实话，判断出选项D为正确答案。

25.单选题

The（

）ofourtriptoWashingtonwasthevisittotheWhiteHouse.

问题1选项

A.climate

B.extremity

C.maximun

D.novel

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。climate意为“气候”；extremity意为“末端，端点，尽头”；maximun意为“最大值，最大”；novel意为“小说”。

句意：我们华盛顿之行的最后一站是参观白宫。

26.单选题

Thisyoungman,（）withacravingformaterialisticgratification,caresaboutnothingbutmoney.

问题1选项

A.obsessed

B.negotiated

C.compromised

D.provided

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。obsessedwith沉迷于；negotiatedwith与…协商；compromisedwith向（某人）妥协；providedwith给…提供。句意：这个年轻人贪图物质上的满足，只关心钱。选项A符合句意。

27.单选题

Hearrivedhome（

）teainthegarden.

问题1选项

A.findingthemalltohave

B.findingthemallhaving

C.tofindthemalltohave

D.tofindthemallhaving

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。句意：他回到家（发现）他们都在花园里喝茶。这里后面意思表示结果，不定式todo作状语表出人意料，令人失望的结果；现在分词doing作结果状语表自然而然的结果。这里只是喝茶没有令人失望，所以排除C、D选项。doing表现在，todo表将来，他回家的时候一定是他们正在喝茶，所以答案选B。

28.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Thetestwashard.2)Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedadifferencebetweenwordslike"hard"and“difficult”，whatisit?Tobegin,"hard"ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable(voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh),while"difficult"ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,"hard"ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea"onthego"orsimplyto"getitout"asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,"hard"maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,"Howwasyourday?"Conversely,"difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.Similarto"hard"and"difficult",thewords"weird"and"strange"tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1)Seamonkeysareweird.2)Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile"weird"and"strange"bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.

Similarto"hard","weird"conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something"weird"iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething"weird".Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn'twanttobecategorizedamongthe"weird".Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas"strange",itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something"strange"issimplyabnormal,orunusual―adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween"weird"and"strange"issopronouncedthatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:"Yourmother'scookiestasteweird"comparedto“Yourmother'scookiestastestrange".Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother'scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflour,perhaps.

Finally,let'slookatthesynonyms,"happy"and"glad".Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2)Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently.Astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

1.Whatisthethesisstatementinthispassage?

2.Asusedinparagraph1,whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

3.Asusedinparagraph2,whichofthefollowingbestdescribessomethingthatissuperfluous?

4.Inparagraph3,theauthorwrites:"Tobegin,'hard'ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn'tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"'difficultiseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane."Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor'stonecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobebelievedtosharethesamemeaning.(paragraph1)

B.However,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.(paragraph1)

C.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.(paragraph2)

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatetheenergyofaword,(paragraph2)

E.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.(paragraph6)

问题2选项

A.mildcuriosity