PEP人教版小学英语语法及习题知识讲解

小学英语语法及习题一、名词复数规则一般情况下，直接加-s如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds以s.x.sh.结尾，加-e§如I：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3•以辅音字母+y”吉尾，变y为i，再加-e§如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries以“或fe”吉尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es如：knife-knives不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数Ihimthisherwatchchildphotodiarydayfootbookdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrythiefyo-yopeachsandwichmanwomanpaperjuicewatermilkricetea二、一般现在时一般现在时的功能表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisbl天空是蓝色的。表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixever我每天六点起床。3•表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthet地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成b动词：主语+be（am,is,are其它。如：Iamabo我是一个男孩。行为动词：主语+行为动词（+其它）。如：WestudyEnglish.们学习英语。特别注意：当主语为第三人称单数（he,she,或是名词单数）时，要在动词后加"-s或"云如：MarylikesChines%丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化b动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not其它。如：Heisnotaworl他不是工人。—般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如I：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+—般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+dont（doesn动词原形（+其它）。如：Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn'构成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.—般疑问句：Do（Does）主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。女口：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词+s的变化规则一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾口-es,如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。Heoften(have)dinnerathome.DanielandTommy(be)inClassOne.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.they(like)theWorldCup?Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.Mike(like)cooking.They(have)thesamehobby.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.I(be)ill.I'mstayinginbed.She(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.LiuTao(do)notlikePE.Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.SuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm.－Whatday(be)ittoday?－It'sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?Doeshelikesgoingfishing?Helikesplaygamesafterclass.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.Shedon'tdoherhomeworkonSundays.三、现在进行时1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+be+动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking以不发音的e结尾，去e力口ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playrunswimmakegolikewrite_skireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：Theboy(draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.Whatyou(do)now?Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson.They(not,water)theflowersnow.Look!Thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She（listen）tomusic.9.It's5o'clocknow.We（have）suppernow10.Helen（wash）clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型转换：Theyaredoinghousework.（分别改成一般疑问句和否定句）Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.（改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答）3．I'mplayingthefootballintheplayground.（对划线部分进行提问）Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.（对划线部分进行提问）四、一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday（week,month,year...）,soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won't。例如：I'mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.—I'mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.—Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。问人。Who例如：I'mgoingtoNewYorksoon.—Who'sgoingtoNewYorksoon.问干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.—Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.问什么时候。When.例如：She'sgoingtogotobedatnine.—Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.2•下个星期一尔打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。WhatnextMonday?Iplaybasketball.WhatyoudonextMonday?Iplaybasketball.尔妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是,她要去买一些水果。yourmothergoshoppingthis?Yes,she.Shebuysomefruit.尔们打算什么时候见面。Whattimeyoumeet?Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancygoingtogocamping.I'llgoandjointhem.（改否定）Igojointhem.I'mgoingtoget叩at6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）togetupat6:30tomorrow?8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）meetatthebusstopat10:30.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）sheafterschool?Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.（同上）goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrowPEP小学英语重点句型语法总结人教版PEP教材在小学阶段涉及的重要语法知识主要有7种：tobe句型、therebe句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的型、begoingto句型等。现以5-8册书为例，简要总结如下：［一］tobe句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中5—8册的句型主要有：Who'syourEnglishteacher?Mr.Carter.What'shelike?He'stallandstrong.Isshequiet?No,sheisn't.Sheisveryactive.Isshestrict?Yes,sheis,butshe'sverykind.Whatdayisittoday?It'sWednesday.What'syourfavouritefruit/food...?They'resweet/sour/salty/healthy/...Whenisyourbirthday?It'sinMay.MybirthdayisinJune.UncleBill'sbirthdayisinJune,too.IsherbirthdayinJune?Yes,itis.What'sthedate?ThisisZhangPeng.Whereisthecinema,please?It'snexttothehospital.Howtallareyou？I'm164cmtall.Youareshorterthanme.You're4cmtallerthanme.Howheavyareyou?I'm48kg.I'mthinnerthanyou,andshorter.What'sthematterwithyou?Mythroatissore.Howareyou,LiuYun/Sarah?［二］therebe句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：Thereis+可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。Thereare+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第5册的Unit5和Unit6中，如：Therearetwobedrooms,akitchen,abathroomandalivingroom.Thereisamirror,abedandabigcloset.Isthereaforestinthepark?Yes,thereis.Isthereariver?No,thereisn't.Arethereanypandasinthemountains?No,therearen't.Arethereanyfishintherivers?Yes,thereare.［三］一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s或es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usuallyoftensometimesneveralways等。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit2&3，第6册Unit1&2,第7册Unit4,5,6,第8册Unit2中。如：Book5:WhatdoyouhaveonThursdays?WehaveEnglish,mathandscienceonThursdays.WhatdoyoudoonSaturdays?IwatchTVonSaturdays.Idomyhomework.WhatdoyouhaveforlunchonMondays?Wehavetomatoes,tofuandfish.Ilikefruit.ButIdon'tlikegrapes.Book6:Whendoyoueatdinner?Ieatdinnerat7:00intheevening.Whendoyougetup?Iusuallygetupat12:00noon.Whatdoyoudoontheweekend?UsuallyIwatchTVandgoshopping.SometimesIvisitmygrandparents.Ioftenplayfootball.SometimesIgohiking.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Ilikewinterbest.Whydoyoulikesummer/winter?Book7:Howdoyougotoschool,Sarah?UsuallyIgotoschoolonfoot.SometimesIgobybike.Ilikecollectingstamps.Helikescollectingstamps,too.Doessheteachmath?Yes,shedoes.DoessheteachEnglish？No,shedoesn't.Sheteachesmath.Whatdoesyourmotherdo?Whatdoesyourfatherdo?Wheredoesshework?Sheworksinacarcompany.Howdoesshegotowork?Shegoestoworkbybus.Wheredoestheraincomefrom?Itcomesfromtheclouds.Wheredoesthecloudcomefrom?Itcomesfromthevapour.Wheredoesthevapourcomefrom?Itcomesfromthewaterintheriver.Thesunshinesandthewaterbecomesvapour.Howdoyoudothat?Book8:Mynosehurts.Howdoyoufeel?Ifeelsick.HowdoesAmyfeel?Youlooksohappy.Youlooksadtoday.［四］现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now也常用在Look!Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be动词(am,is,are)+动词现在分词(v.ing)。该句型主要分布在第6册Unit4,5,6中。如：Whatareyoudoing?I'mdoingthedishes.I'mreadingabook.Grandpaiswritingaletter.Brotherisdoinghomework.Momiscookingdinnerinthekitchen.Heiswritingane-mailinthestudy.Whatisitdoing?It'seatingbananas.Whatisshedoing?She'sjumping.Whataretheydoing?They'reswimming.They'reclimbingtrees.Areyoueatinglunch?No,wearen't.Aretheyeatingthehoney?Yes,theyare.Isheplayingchess?Yes,heis.Isshecountinginsects?No,sheisn't.［五］一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是：yesterday,lastweek,lastyear等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。该句型分布在第8册Unit3&4中。如：Whatdidyoudolastweekend?Ipl