中英=高级英语1-何兆熊-Unit-5-conservatives-and-liberals

... .. .Unit5conservativesandliberals保守派和革新派ConservativesandLiberalsRalphWaldoEmersonThetwopartieswhichdividethestate,thepartyofConservativeandthatofinnovation,areveryold,andhavedisputedthepossessionoftheworldeversinceitwasmade.Thisquarrelisthesubjectofcivilhistory.Theconservativepartyestablishedthereverendhierarchiesandmonarchiesofthemostancientworld.Thebattleofpatricianandplebian,ofparentstateandcolony,ofoldusageandaccommodationtonewfacts,oftherichand,ofthepoor,reappearsinallcountriesandtimes.Thewarragesnotonlyinbattlefields,innationalcouncils,andecclesiasticalsynods,butagitateseveryman’sbosomwithopposingadvantageseveryhour.Onrollstheoldworldmeantime,andnowone,nowtheothergetstheday,andstillthefightrenewsitselfasifforthefirsttime,undernewnamesandhotpersonalities.这个国家存在着两个政党，保守党和革新党。这两个政党长期存在，并且，自从这个世界存在财产后，两个政党就有了争端。这种争端是人民历史发展的主题。保守党建立了这个世界最古老的值得尊敬的等级制度和君主制。两党之间的战争包括贵族和平民，宗主国和殖Suchanirreconcilableantagonism,ofcourse,musthaveacorrespondentdepthofseatinthehumanconstitution.ItistheoppositionofPastandFuture,ofMemoryandHope,oftheUnderstandingandReason.Itistheprimalantagonism,theappearanceintriflesofthetwopolesofnature.当然，如此势不两立的敌对势力必须对人类的体制有相似深度的理解。这就是过去和将来，记忆和希望，理解和原因的对立。最基本的敌对势力存在于自然两级中的琐事中。Thereisafragmentofoldfablewhichseemssomehowtohavebeendroppedfromthecurrentmythologies,whichmaydeserveattention,asitappearstorelatetothissubject.有一个古老预言的片段似乎一定程度上能用来解释现今的神话，它很值得关注，因为它与这个主题相关。Saturngrewwearyofsittingalone,orwithnonebutthegreatUranusorHeavenbeholdinghim,andhecreatedanoyster.Thenhewouldactagain,buthemadenothingmore,butwentoncreatingtheraceofoysters.ThenUranuscried,“anewwork,OSaturn!Theoldisnotgoodagain.”Saturnreplied,“Ifear.Thereisnotonlythealternativeofmakingandnotmaking,butalsoofunmaking.Seestthouthegreatsea,howitebbsand flows?Soisitwithme;mypowerebbs;andifIputforthmyhands,Ishallnotdo,butundo.ThereforeIdowhatIhavedone;IholdwhatIhavegot;andsoIresistNightandChaos.”“OSaturn,”repliedUranus.“Thoucanstnotholdthineown,butbymakingmore.Thyoystersarebarnaclesandcockles,andwiththenextflowingofthetide,theywillbepebbleandseafoam.”“Isee,”rejoinsSaturn,“thouartinleaguewithNight,thouartbecomeanevileye:thouspakestfromlove;nowthywordssmitemewithhatred.IappealtoFate,musttherenotberest?”---“IappealtoFatealso,”saidUranus,“musttherenotbemotion?”---ButSaturnwassilentandwentonmakingoystersforathousandyears.AfterthatthewordofUranuscameintohismindlikearayofthesun,andhemadeJupiter;andthenhefearedagain;andnaturefroze,thethingsthatweremadewentbackward,andtosavetheworld,JupiterslewhisfatherSaturn.ThismaystandfortheearliestaccountofaconversationonpoliticsbetweenaConservativeandaRadical,whichhascomedowntous.Itiseverthus.Itisthecounteractionofthecentripetalandthecentrifugalforces.Innovationisthesalientenergy;Conservatismthepauseonthelastmovement.“ThatwhichiswasmadebyGod,”saithConservatism.“Heisleavingthat,heisenteringthisother,”rejoinsInnovation.这个也许是保守党和激进党政见最早描述的代表，它传承下来给我新党增加到上帝留下了一些东西，他也将加入其他的东西。Thereisalwaysacertainmeannessintheargumentofconservatism,joinedwithcertainsuperiorityinitsfact.Itaffirmsbecauseitholds.Itsfingersclutchthefact,anditwillnotopenitseyestoseeabetterfact.Thecastle,whichconservatismsettodefend,istheactualstateofthings.Ofcourse,conservatismalwayshastheworstoftheargument,isalwaysapologizing,pleadinganecessity,pleadingthattochangewould be to deteriorate; it must saddle itself with themountainousloadofalltheviolenceandviceofsociety,mustdenythepossibilityofgood,denyideas,andsuspectandstonetheprophet;whilstinnovationisalwaysintheright,triumphant,attacking,andsureoffinalsuccess.Conservatismstandsonman’sincontestablelimitations;reformonhisindisputableinfinitude;conservatismoncircumstance;liberalismonpower;onegoestomakeanadroitmemberofthesocialframe;theothertopostponeallthingstothemanhimself;conservatismisdebonairandsocial;reformisindividualandimperious.Wearereformersinthespringandsummer,inautumnandwinterwestandbytheold;reformersinthemorning,conserversatnight.Reformisaffirmative,conservatismnegative;conservatismgoesforcomfort,reformfortruth.Conservatismismorecandidtobeholdanother’sworth;reformmoredisposedtomaintainandincreaseitsown.Conservatismmakesnopoetry,breathesnoprayer,hasnoinvention;itisallmemory.Reformhasnogratitude,noprudence,nohusbandry.Itmakesagreatdifferencetoyourfigureandtoyourthought,whetheryourfootisadvancingorreceding.Conservatismneverputsthefootforward;inthehourwhenitdoesthat,itisnotestablishment,but reform. Conservatismtendsto universalseeming andtreachery,believesinanegativefate;believesthatmen’stempergovernsthem;thatforme,itavailsnottotrustinprinciples;theywillfailme;Imustbendalittle;itdistrustsnature;itthinksthereisagenerallawwithoutaparticularapplication,lawforallthatdoesnotincludeanyone.Reforminitsantagonisminclinestoasinineresistance,tokickwithhoofs;itrunstoegotismandbloatedself-conceit;itrunstoabodilesspretension,tounnaturalrefiningandelevation,whichendsinhypocrisyandsensualreaction.否定观点，否定和怀疑先知，与此同时，革新党总是对的，成功的，Andsowhilstwedonotgobeyondgeneralstatements,itmaybesafelyaffirmedofthesetwometaphysicalantagonists,thateachisagoodhalf,butanimpossiblewhole.Eachexposestheabusesoftheother,butinatruesociety,inatrueman,bothmust combine. Nature does not give the crown of itsapprobation,namely,beau