考研考博-英语-大连商务职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连商务职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

我确信，在这个世界上有许多令人惊喜的事情，有某种比惊喜深刻得多的东西，某种持久而有意义的东西。那些生活在地球上美和神奇的东西之间的人们，不管他是作为科学家的成人还是非科学家的孩子，永远不会孤单或对生活感到厌倦；无论他们的个人生活有什么问题和忧虑，他们的思想都能找到通往内心的满足和对生活重燃激情的途径。那些凝视地球之美的人能找到它们终身受用的力量储备。他们看到在鸟类的迁徙中，在潮水的涨落之中，既有着具体的惊奇，更有着深遂的美。在大自然的反反复复循坏中，有一种具备无限治愈力的东西，黑暗过去是黎明，冬天过后是春天这一永恒的保障。

【答案】Iamsurethattherearemanysurprisesinthisworld,somethingmuchdeeperthansurprise,somethinglastingandmeaningful.Thosewholivebetweenthebeautyandthewonderoftheearth,whetherasascientistorasachildofanon-scientist,areneveraloneorboredwithlife;Nomatterwhatproblemsorconcernstheyhaveintheirpersonallives,theirthoughtsfindtheirwaytoinnersatisfactionandrenewedpassionforlife.Thosewhogazeatthebeautyoftheearthfindreservesofpowerthatwilllastthemalifetime.Theysawinthemigrationofbirds,intheebbandflowofthetides,aconcretewonderandaprofoundbeauty.Inthecycleofnature,thereissomethinginfinitelyhealing.Darknessisthedawnofthepast,andwinteristheeternalguaranteeofspring.

2.单选题

Hecouldn'tlieconvincinglyenoughtotakeachild（）.

问题1选项

A.away

B.down

C.in

D.up

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组搭配。takeaway带走；takedown取下,记下；takein欺骗；takeup从事。句意:他说的谎话不足以欺骗孩子（他骗不了一个孩子）。

3.单选题

Thedriverwasinan（

）ofsorrowbecausehehadknockedthegirldown.

问题1选项

A.agony

B.ache

C.ailing

D.ailment

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项agony“苦恼，极度痛苦”；B选项ache“疼痛”；C选项ailing“不适，困扰”；D选项ailment“小病，不安”。句意：司机因为撞倒了那个女孩而感到极度悲痛。选项A更符合语境。

4.单选题

Somedaysoftwarewilltranslatebothwrittenandspokenlanguagesowellthattheneedforanycommonsecondlanguagecould（）.

问题1选项

A.descend

B.decline

C.deteriorate

D.depress

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项descend“下降”，多指从高处落向低处；B选项decline“衰退”，多指数量，质量或价值的下降；C选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”；D选项depress“压抑，使沮丧”。根据句意：总有一天，软件可以很好地翻译书面语和口语，以至于对通用第二语言的需求可能会减少。这里是指需求减少，所以选项B最恰当。

5.填空题

Shesenthima（wool）（）sweaterashisbirthdaygift.

【答案】woolen

【解析】放在名词前，应该用形容词。 

6.单选题

Thecriticsconsideredonlytheundesirablequalitiesintheartist’swork,whileignoringor______themoredesirableones.

问题1选项

A.criticizing

B.overlooking

C.deserting

D.flattering

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.criticizing批评B.overlooking忽略

C.deserting抛弃，遗弃D.flattering奉承，谄媚

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处与ignoring为并列成分，所以空格处的意思与ignoring（忽视）的意思相近，故B项符合。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合句子意思。

【句意】批评家们只考虑了艺术家作品中的不良品质，而忽略了更可取的品质。

7.单选题

Theartistandtheauthorbothtriedto（

）,thesplendorofthesunset

问题1选项

A.depict

B.narrate

C.describe

D.tell

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那位艺术家和那位作家都曾试图描绘日落的壮美。

近义词辨析。depict指用图画或文字描绘事物或人物；narrate更侧重于“叙述，讲述”的意思;describe指通过描写、描述人或事的外表、性质，使人得到一个清晰地印象；tell的意思是“讲述”；报据题干关键词artistandauthor“艺术家和作家”可知答案选项为A。

8.单选题

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolphMensalfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence:advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient.“Atanyparticularstageinitslife,abeehasaspecificjobtodo.Iftheyare

unabletodothatjob,theyconservetheirenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.“Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.Theroux,whokeeps85hiveseachcontaining300,000beesinHawaii,addedthatProf.Mendel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.MensahItperformstoomanyusefulfunctionsinourculture.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolphMendel’slatestresearch（

）.

2.AccordingtoProf.RandolphMensal,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto（

）.

问题1选项

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthematureofbees

问题2选项

A.Beesarehardworking.

B.Beesarequicklearners.

C.Beeshaveintelligence.

D.Beeshavegoodmemory.

问题3选项

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

问题4选项

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccuratethecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception（人们普遍认为蜜蜂是终极的辛勤工作者，这种形象是不准确的……人们对蜜蜂勤劳的天性的普遍看法是基于一种误解）可知Prof.RandolphMendel的最新研究挑战了我们对蜜蜂本质的认识，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence:advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly（他补充说，蜜蜂用高智力来弥补他们明显的懒惰：先进的记忆技能和快速学习的能力）可知Prof.RandolphMensal认为蜜蜂并不是勤劳的，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的beeswerenotlazybutefficient...Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.（蜜蜂不是懒惰，而是有效率的……他们非常聪明，也许人类应该效仿他们，而不是像无头苍蝇一样到处乱跑）可知D选项“如何提高工作效率”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.（事实上，对蜜蜂的崇拜似乎正在经历复兴）以及此句话后便列举了蜜蜂做广告的例子，可推测勤劳的蜜蜂这种思想是受欢迎的，因此选A。

9.单选题

Aswemoveintothe21stcenturytheconceptofreadingwasrecognizedbymostasinvolvingamuchmorecomplexsetofskillsthanhadbeenunderstoodinthepast.Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.

ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.

Readingandtheteachingofreadinghavebecomemorecomplexandreachoutacrossawiderandwideraudience,sothatwenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy.Weacceptthatwewilllearnnewskillsinnewcontexts.ItisaK-adultcurriculumnow.

However,itisanagewhenpoliticsandpoliticianshavetakencontroloftheliteracyagenda.Thisisnotsurprising,asthosewhodon'thavehighlevelsofliteracyaremorelikelytoendup’onsomesortofsocialsupportandthusareviewedasa“burden”tosociety.So,inordertosavemoneyinthelong-term,”itseemspoliticianshaveagreedthatliteracybeginsintheearlyyears.Andtheyarefinallypreparedtosupportthisconcept.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acriticalreadershouldbeableto（

）.

2.Fromthecontextofthepassagewecaninferthepossiblemeaningof“K-adultcurriculum(Paragraph3)”as

（

）.

3.Inthediagramwecaninferthatthefeaturesoftextanalystpracticesmainlyinvolves（

）.

问题1选项

A.appreciateandinterpretthereadingsholisticallyinvariousdimensionsandapproaches

B.evaluatethepassagewithculturalbackgroundandcontext

C.readandapprehendtheinformationofthepassageswithvariousandcomprehensivetechniquesofreading

D.deductthethemeofpassagewithneutralandcriticalview

问题2选项

A.acurriculumofreadingcoursewithcomprehensiveskillsforadultlearners

B.acourseplanwithcombinationskillsofbothcultureandcontextinterpretationinreading

C.alifelongreadingteachingschedulefromchildhood(Kindergarten)toadulthood

D.areadingcourseplanwithvariousknowledgeforadultreader

问题3选项

A.clearseparationfromcodebreakerpracticesbutcloserelationwithtextuserpractices

B.thegraphophonic,semanticandsyntacticcuesandrelatedtothetextuserpracticesandotherreadingpracticesatfoundationportions

C.thestudyofsemanticandsyntacticcharactersbutlessofgraphicandphoneticelementsaboutthepassages

D.mainlysyntacticcueswhichseemsnottoberelatedtocodebreakerpractices

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段：“Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.今天的文化要求读者不仅能够阅读快乐和信息，而且能够对文本提出问题，认识到作者试图给读者定位的方式，并成为所谓的“批判性”读者。”可知C项“运用多种多样的综合阅读技巧，阅读和理解文章中的信息”正确，A项“从不同的角度和方法全面理解阅读材料”；B项“用文化背景和语境来评价文章；C项“运用多种多样的综合阅读技巧，阅读和理解文章中的信息”；D项“以中立和批判的观点演绎文章的主题”。

2.判断推理题。定位到第三段:wenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy…我们现在承认，我们是阅读的终生学习者，或者更准确地说，是读写能力的终生学习者。可知C项“从儿童(幼儿园)到成人的终身阅读教学计划”正确。

3.细节事实题。定位到第二段“ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.简单的维恩图被用来描述语言提示系统（下图）制造时代的含义已经进化到更复杂的图,包括文化和语境的影响读者以及读者的角色必须是有效的。”可知B项“在基础部分，与文本用户实践和其他阅读实践相关的书面、语义和语法线索”正确。

10.单选题

Asisknowntoall,thePopeisthe（）leaderoftheRomeCatholicChurch.

问题1选项

A.ultimate

B.utmost

C.superior

D.supreme

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ultimate“最终的，极限的”；B选项utmost“极度的，最远的”；C选项superior“上级的，优秀的，出众的”；D选项supreme“最高的，极大的”。句意：众所周知，教皇是罗马天主教会的最高领袖。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

11.单选题

Ametropolitanareaconsistsofacentralcityandmanysuburbanareasinits（

）.

问题1选项

A.vicinity

B.vessel

C.upkeep

D.verge

【答案】A

【解析】vicinity邻近，附近；vessel船，舰；upkeep维持，保养；verge边缘。句意：大都市区由一个中心城市和它附近的许多郊区组成。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Despitehis____planning,theexpositionturnedouttobeafailure.

问题1选项

A.exquisite

B.exhausted

C.elaborate

D.insufficient

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.exquisite精美的；精致的B.exhausted筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的

C.elaborate详尽的；精心制作的D.insufficient不充分的；不足的

【答案】C

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：尽管他……的计划，博览会还是以失败告终。根据逻辑，这里存在一个转折关系，后半句讲博览会是失败的，则可以推测前半句中他的计划应该是精心制作的，但是博览会以失败告终。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】尽管他精心策划，博览会还是失败了。

13.单选题

Yourstayabroadwillgiveyou（）opportunitiestolearnanewforeignlanguage.

问题1选项

A.ample

B.sample

C.vertical

D.empirical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ample“丰富的，足够的”；B选项sample“试样的”；C选项vertical“垂直的”；D选项empirical“经验主义的”。句意：你待在国外将给你提供……机会学习新语言。学习一门语言最快的方式就是融入一个纯语言的环境。根据关键信息stayabroad“待在国外”和后面的tolearnanewforeignlanguage“学习一门新语言”，在国外待着意为着会有更多的机会进行学习和练习语言。因此A选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Comte'sphilosophicalsuccessor,whocarriedonbothhisphenomenalistandpresentationalistphilosophyintothesocialarenaofpoliticsandethics,wasJohnStuartMill.ButfirstwemustturntoanevengreaterinfluenceonMill'sviews,oneoftheleadingradicalreformersofthenineteenthcentury,JeremyBentham.

BorninLondon,thesonofaleadingattorney,BenthamwasachildprodigywhobeganstudyinghistoryandLatinattheageofthree.AttwelveheenteredQueen'sCollegeinOxfordandearnedhisB.A.inthreeyearsandhisM.A.twoyearslaterattheageofseventeen.Hisfatherexpectedhimtobecomeapracticinglawyer,butBenthamwasfarmoreinterestedinthephilosophicalfoundationsofethics,morality,andlegaltheory.HetraveledwidelythroughoutEuropeandwrotehisfirstessayoneconomicsinRussia.In1792hebecameacitizenofFrance.

Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.WhenhereadHume'sTreatiseandHumanNaturehesaiditwasasifscalesfellfromeyes.Hewentontopublishseveralbooksonpoliticalandlegaltheory,butitwashisIntroductiontothePrinciplesofMoralsandLegislationthatmadehimapowerfulandinfluentialinternationalfigure.InhisPrincipleshelaidthegroundworkforutilitarianism;asdevelopedbyMill(whomweshallconsiderinthenextsection),histheoryisstilltodayoneoftheleadingmoraltheoriesintheworld.

Benthamdefineshisprincipleofutilityas"thatpropertyinanyobjectwherebyittendstoproducepleasure,goodorhappiness,ortopreventthehappeningofmischief,pain,evilorunhappinesstothepartywhoseinterestisconsidered".AccordingtoBentham,thisprincipletakesaccountofthetwomainmotivesforallhumanaction—painandpleasure.Governments,social,politicalandlegalinstitutions,aswellasindividualcitizens,shouldfollowtheGreatestHappinessPrinciple:choosethatcourseofactionthatleadstothegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.Hisutilitarianism,designedtofreepeoplefromoppressivelawsandtomakegoverningbodiesmoral,providedafoundationtomanydemocraticsocieties.Sinceleadersaswellasindividualsarethusmorallyboundtofollowthesameuniversalprincipleandonethatisreadilyaccessibletoeveryone—weallknowwhatpainandpleasureare—therecanbenomanipulation,throughrhetoric,oftheweakbythepowerful.InBentham'ssystemweareeachourownbestjudgeastohowbesttoliveandattainhappiness.

Heopenlycalledfortherejectionofallmonarchiesandestablishedchurches,claimingthat"allgovernmentisinitselfonevastevil."Theonlyjustificationforputtingsuchevilintoplacewouldbetopreventsomegreaterevil;governmentsshouldthereforeneverstrayfromtheprincipleofutility—thegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.AmongBentham'smanydisciples,themostfamousisJohnStuartMill,whofurtherdevelopedutilitarianismbutalongratherdifferentlines.

1.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"scalesfellfromeyes"inthethirdparagraph?

2.WhichofthefollowingcanbestexplainthequotesinthefourthparagraphofBentham'sdefinitionofprincipleofutility?

3.HowdidBenthaminfluencetheworldaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Hiseyeswerefulloftears.

B.Hiseyesbecamesmaller.

C.Hewasenlightened.

D.Hecouldseeclearly.

问题2选项

A.Utilitycanberegardedasaqualitywhichislikelytobringhappinessorstoptheoccurrenceofunhappinesstointerestedparties.

B.Utilityisakindofpossessionbywhichconcernedpeoplecangethappinessandavoidunhappiness.

C.Theprincipleofutilityistheprincipleofthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.

D.Theprincipleofutilityisthebeliefthatthevalueofathingoranactionisdeterminedbyitsutility.

问题3选项

A.Heinfluencedthephilosophersinthewholeworld.

B.Hecontributedtooverthrowingallthemonarchiesandchurches.

C.Histheoryhaschangedthemoralvalueofthemodemworld.

D.Themoralfoundationtomanymoderndemocraciestracesbacktohistheory.

问题4选项

A.BenthamhadgreatinfluenceonLockeandHume,aswellasonMill.

B.BothBenthamandMillwereComte'sphilosophicalsuccessors.

C.Bentham'sfatherwasdisappointedthathedidn'tbecomeanattorney.

D.BenthamcontributedmorethanMilltothefoundationofutilitarianism.

问题5选项

A.TheintroductionofJohnStuartMill.

B.TheintroductionofComte.

C.TheintroductionofHume.

D.Theintroductionofutilitarianism.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句，“Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.WhenhereadHume'sTreatiseandHumanNaturehesaiditwasasifscalesfellfromeyes.”，可知边沁的主要哲学影响是Locke和Hume。当他读到Hume的《论人的本性》时，他说这就像从眼睛上掉下来的鳞片。可判断出Hume给他带来了很大的影响。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第四段，“…shouldfollowtheGreatestHappinessPrinciple:choosethatcourseofactionthatleadstothegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.”，可知它遵循最大的幸福原则：选择能为大多数人带来最大幸福的行动方式。可判断出效用原则是为大多数人带来最大幸福的原则。选项C符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第四段，“Hisutilitarianism,designedtofreepeoplefromoppressivelawsandtomakegoverningbodiesmoral,providedafoundationtomanydemocraticsocieties.”，可知他的功利主义，旨在将人民从压迫性的法律中解放出来，并使管理机构具有道德，为许多民主社会提供了基础。可判断出许多现代民主国家的道德基础可以追溯到他的理论。选项D符合题意。

4.根据文章第三段，“Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.”，可知边沁的哲学思想受到了Locke和Hume的影响，并没有受到Mill的影响，选项A不符合文意，可排除。根据史实，Bentham的思想先于Comte产生，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，提到边沁的父亲希望他成为律师，只是阐述了事实，并没有提及父亲的想法和情感。选项C可排除。选项D符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章最后一句，“AmongBentham'smanydisciples,themostfamousisJohnStuartMill,whofurtherdevelopedutilitarianismbutalongratherdifferentlines.”，可知在边沁的众多弟子中，最著名的是约翰•斯图亚特•密尔，他进一步发展了功利主义，但却走了截然不同的路。可判断出下文最可能继续介绍Mill以及他的主要思想。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Thosewhoanticipatepricechangescorrectlycanoftengainfinanciallyfromtheirforesight.

问题1选项

A.forecast

B.vision

C.estimate

D.talent

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.forecast预测，预报B.vision眼力，远见卓识

C.estimate（对数量、成本等的）估计，估价D.talent天资，天赋

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】foresight的意思为“深谋远虑，先见之明”，指的是有先见之明的人可以正确预测价格变化，因此就可以获得可观的经济收益，强调对事物发展的洞察力，vision与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】那些正确预测价格变化的人往往能从他们的远见中获得经济利益。

16.单选题

Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.

问题1选项

A.dement

B.divulge

C.retaliate

D.disservice

【答案】B

【解析】dement使发狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate报复;disservice伤害,虐待。句意：萨拉斯是国王郡1.3万名雇员之一,他们将被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸烟或是否有其他与健康有关的恶习。选项B符合句意。

17.单选题

TheEgyptiansusedtobelievethatliteracywasdivine.Scholarsnolonger________thattheory,butwhyancientcivilizationsdevelopedwritingwasamysteryforalongtime.

问题1选项

A.embrace

B.involve

C.formulate

D.comprehend

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.embrace接受，采纳B.involve包含，牵涉

C.formulate制订，规划D.comprehend理解，领悟

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处和下文的“theory（理论）”构成动宾逻辑，表示学者们不再怎么样这一理论，该理论指的是上一句的“埃及人过去一度认为读写能力是一种天赐技能（literacywasdivine）”。由but可知，此处存在转折的逻辑关系，下文说到“古代文明为什么会发展书写能力（writing）一直是一个谜（mystery）”，说明虽然学者们不认同这一理论，但他们还不清楚为什么古代文明为什么会发展书写能力。embrace指接受一个想法、建议、信念等，因此A选项embrace“接受，采纳”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项involve“包含，牵涉”指包括某人或某物作为某事物的一部分，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

C选项formulate“制订，规划”指精心制作或准备，特别注意细节，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

D选项comprehend“理解，领悟”指充分理解某事物，此处说的是学者不接受、认同这一理论，而不是不能理解理论的内涵。

【句意】埃及人过去一度认为读写能力是一种天赐技能。虽然学者们不再接受这一理论，但古代文明为什么会发展书写能力一直是一个谜。

18.单选题

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavator'sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.

Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatconiesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundancemorethan4.000examplessofar.

Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchasescouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatallthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

4.Theword"abundance"(Line4,Paragraph4)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposaldosetheauthoranticipate?

问题1选项

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldiggingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

D.anewsystemforcataloguingduplicateartifacts

问题2选项

A.amarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexists

B.suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue

C.museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts

D.suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollection

问题3选项

A.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

B.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

C.Suchartifactsoftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

D.Suchartifactsareoftendamagedbyvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.

问题4选项

A.alargequantity

B.aformidablequality

C.aweirdappearance

D.avaluablerarity

问题5选项

A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultand